1 gitrepository-layout(5)
2 =======================
6 gitrepository-layout - Git Repository Layout
15 You may find these things in your Git repository (`.git`
16 directory for a repository associated with your working tree, or
17 `<project>.git` directory for a public 'bare' repository. It is
18 also possible to have a working tree where `.git` is a plain
19 ASCII file containing `gitdir: <path>`, i.e. the path to the
23 Object store associated with this repository. Usually
24 an object store is self sufficient (i.e. all the objects
25 that are referred to by an object found in it are also
26 found in it), but there are a few ways to violate it.
28 . You could have an incomplete but locally usable repository
29 by creating a shallow clone. See linkgit:git-clone[1].
30 . You could be using the `objects/info/alternates` or
31 `$GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES` mechanisms to 'borrow'
32 objects from other object stores. A repository with this kind
33 of incomplete object store is not suitable to be published for
34 use with dumb transports but otherwise is OK as long as
35 `objects/info/alternates` points at the object stores it
38 objects/[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]::
39 A newly created object is stored in its own file.
40 The objects are splayed over 256 subdirectories using
41 the first two characters of the sha1 object name to
42 keep the number of directory entries in `objects`
43 itself to a manageable number. Objects found
44 here are often called 'unpacked' (or 'loose') objects.
47 Packs (files that store many object in compressed form,
48 along with index files to allow them to be randomly
49 accessed) are found in this directory.
52 Additional information about the object store is
53 recorded in this directory.
56 This file is to help dumb transports discover what packs
57 are available in this object store. Whenever a pack is
58 added or removed, `git update-server-info` should be run
59 to keep this file up-to-date if the repository is
60 published for dumb transports. 'git repack' does this
63 objects/info/alternates::
64 This file records paths to alternate object stores that
65 this object store borrows objects from, one pathname per
66 line. Note that not only native Git tools use it locally,
67 but the HTTP fetcher also tries to use it remotely; this
68 will usually work if you have relative paths (relative
69 to the object database, not to the repository!) in your
70 alternates file, but it will not work if you use absolute
71 paths unless the absolute path in filesystem and web URL
72 is the same. See also 'objects/info/http-alternates'.
74 objects/info/http-alternates::
75 This file records URLs to alternate object stores that
76 this object store borrows objects from, to be used when
77 the repository is fetched over HTTP.
80 References are stored in subdirectories of this
81 directory. The 'git prune' command knows to preserve
82 objects reachable from refs found in this directory and
86 records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branch `name`
89 records any object name (not necessarily a commit
90 object, or a tag object that points at a commit object).
93 records tip-of-the-tree commit objects of branches copied
94 from a remote repository.
96 refs/replace/`<obj-sha1>`::
97 records the SHA1 of the object that replaces `<obj-sha1>`.
98 This is similar to info/grafts and is internally used and
99 maintained by linkgit:git-replace[1]. Such refs can be exchanged
100 between repositories while grafts are not.
103 records the same information as refs/heads/, refs/tags/,
104 and friends record in a more efficient way. See
105 linkgit:git-pack-refs[1].
108 A symref (see glossary) to the `refs/heads/` namespace
109 describing the currently active branch. It does not mean
110 much if the repository is not associated with any working tree
111 (i.e. a 'bare' repository), but a valid Git repository
112 *must* have the HEAD file; some porcelains may use it to
113 guess the designated "default" branch of the repository
114 (usually 'master'). It is legal if the named branch
115 'name' does not (yet) exist. In some legacy setups, it is
116 a symbolic link instead of a symref that points at the current
119 HEAD can also record a specific commit directly, instead of
120 being a symref to point at the current branch. Such a state
121 is often called 'detached HEAD.' See linkgit:git-checkout[1]
125 A slightly deprecated way to store shorthands to be used
126 to specify a URL to 'git fetch', 'git pull' and 'git push'.
127 A file can be stored as `branches/<name>` and then
128 'name' can be given to these commands in place of
129 'repository' argument. See the REMOTES section in
130 linkgit:git-fetch[1] for details. This mechanism is legacy
131 and not likely to be found in modern repositories.
134 Hooks are customization scripts used by various Git
135 commands. A handful of sample hooks are installed when
136 'git init' is run, but all of them are disabled by
137 default. To enable, the `.sample` suffix has to be
138 removed from the filename by renaming.
139 Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about
143 The current index file for the repository. It is
144 usually not found in a bare repository.
147 Additional information about the repository is recorded
151 This file helps dumb transports discover what refs are
152 available in this repository. If the repository is
153 published for dumb transports, this file should be
154 regenerated by 'git update-server-info' every time a tag
155 or branch is created or modified. This is normally done
156 from the `hooks/update` hook, which is run by the
157 'git-receive-pack' command when you 'git push' into the
161 This file records fake commit ancestry information, to
162 pretend the set of parents a commit has is different
163 from how the commit was actually created. One record
164 per line describes a commit and its fake parents by
165 listing their 40-byte hexadecimal object names separated
166 by a space and terminated by a newline.
169 This file, by convention among Porcelains, stores the
170 exclude pattern list. `.gitignore` is the per-directory
171 ignore file. 'git status', 'git add', 'git rm' and
172 'git clean' look at it but the core Git commands do not look
173 at it. See also: linkgit:gitignore[5].
176 Stores shorthands for URL and default refnames for use
177 when interacting with remote repositories via 'git fetch',
178 'git pull' and 'git push' commands. See the REMOTES section
179 in linkgit:git-fetch[1] for details. This mechanism is legacy
180 and not likely to be found in modern repositories.
183 Records of changes made to refs are stored in this
184 directory. See linkgit:git-update-ref[1]
185 for more information.
187 logs/refs/heads/`name`::
188 Records all changes made to the branch tip named `name`.
190 logs/refs/tags/`name`::
191 Records all changes made to the tag named `name`.
194 This is similar to `info/grafts` but is internally used
195 and maintained by shallow clone mechanism. See `--depth`
196 option to linkgit:git-clone[1] and linkgit:git-fetch[1].
201 linkgit:git-clone[1],
202 linkgit:git-fetch[1],
203 linkgit:git-pack-refs[1],
205 linkgit:git-checkout[1],
206 linkgit:gitglossary[7],
207 link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual]
211 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite.