Merge branch 'fixes'
[git/jrn.git] / Documentation / git.txt
blobe14102127958d98b1bf37a8d7560320249495ad7
1 git(7)
2 ======
3 v0.99.6, Sep 2005
5 NAME
6 ----
7 git - the stupid content tracker
10 SYNOPSIS
11 --------
12 'git-<command>' <args>
14 DESCRIPTION
15 -----------
17 This is reference information for the core git commands.
19 Before reading this cover to cover, you may want to take a look
20 at the link:tutorial.html[tutorial] document.
22 The <<Discussion>> section below contains much useful definition and
23 clarification info - read that first.  And of the commands, I suggest
24 reading gitlink:git-update-index[1] and
25 gitlink:git-read-tree[1] first - I wish I had!
27 If you are migrating from CVS, link:cvs-migration.html[cvs migration]
28 document may be helpful after you finish the tutorial.
30 After you get the general feel from the tutorial and this
31 overview page, you may want to take a look at the
32 link:howto-index.html[howto] documents.
35 David Greaves <david@dgreaves.com>
36 08/05/05
38 Updated by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> on 2005-05-05 to
39 reflect recent changes.
41 Commands Overview
42 -----------------
43 The git commands can helpfully be split into those that manipulate
44 the repository, the cache and the working fileset, those that
45 interrogate and compare them, and those that moves objects and
46 references between repositories.
48 In addition, git itself comes with a spartan set of porcelain
49 commands.  They are usable but are not meant to compete with real
50 Porcelains.
52 There are also some ancillary programs that can be viewed as useful
53 aids for using the core commands but which are unlikely to be used by
54 SCMs layered over git.
56 Manipulation commands
57 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
58 gitlink:git-apply[1]::
59         Reads a "diff -up1" or git generated patch file and
60         applies it to the working tree.
62 gitlink:git-checkout-index[1]::
63         Copy files from the cache to the working directory
64         Previously this command was known as git-checkout-cache.
66 gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]::
67         Creates a new commit object
69 gitlink:git-hash-object[1]::
70         Computes the object ID from a file.
72 gitlink:git-init-db[1]::
73         Creates an empty git object database
75 gitlink:git-merge-index[1]::
76         Runs a merge for files needing merging
77         Previously this command was known as git-merge-cache.
79 gitlink:git-mktag[1]::
80         Creates a tag object
82 gitlink:git-pack-objects[1]::
83         Creates a packed archive of objects.
85 gitlink:git-prune-packed[1]::
86         Remove extra objects that are already in pack files.
88 gitlink:git-read-tree[1]::
89         Reads tree information into the directory cache
91 gitlink:git-unpack-objects[1]::
92         Unpacks objects out of a packed archive.
94 gitlink:git-update-index[1]::
95         Modifies the index or directory cache
96         Previously this command was known as git-update-cache.
98 gitlink:git-write-tree[1]::
99         Creates a tree from the current cache
102 Interrogation commands
103 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
105 gitlink:git-cat-file[1]::
106         Provide content or type information for repository objects
108 gitlink:git-diff-index[1]::
109         Compares content and mode of blobs between the cache and repository
110         Previously this command was known as git-diff-cache.
112 gitlink:git-diff-files[1]::
113         Compares files in the working tree and the cache
115 gitlink:git-diff-stages[1]::
116         Compares two "merge stages" in the index file.
118 gitlink:git-diff-tree[1]::
119         Compares the content and mode of blobs found via two tree objects
121 gitlink:git-fsck-objects[1]::
122         Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database
123         Previously this command was known as git-fsck-cache.
125 gitlink:git-ls-files[1]::
126         Information about files in the cache/working directory
128 gitlink:git-ls-tree[1]::
129         Displays a tree object in human readable form
131 gitlink:git-merge-base[1]::
132         Finds as good a common ancestor as possible for a merge
134 gitlink:git-rev-list[1]::
135         Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
137 gitlink:git-show-index[1]::
138         Displays contents of a pack idx file.
140 gitlink:git-tar-tree[1]::
141         Creates a tar archive of the files in the named tree
143 gitlink:git-unpack-file[1]::
144         Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents
146 gitlink:git-var[1]::
147         Displays a git logical variable
149 gitlink:git-verify-pack[1]::
150         Validates packed GIT archive files
152 The interrogate commands may create files - and you can force them to
153 touch the working file set - but in general they don't
156 Synching repositories
157 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
159 gitlink:git-clone-pack[1]::
160         Clones a repository into the current repository (engine
161         for ssh and local transport)
163 gitlink:git-fetch-pack[1]::
164         Updates from a remote repository.
166 gitlink:git-http-fetch[1]::
167         Downloads a remote GIT repository via HTTP
168         Previously this command was known as git-http-pull.
170 gitlink:git-local-fetch[1]::
171         Duplicates another GIT repository on a local system
172         Previously this command was known as git-local-pull.
174 gitlink:git-peek-remote[1]::
175         Lists references on a remote repository using upload-pack protocol.
177 gitlink:git-receive-pack[1]::
178         Invoked by 'git-send-pack' to receive what is pushed to it.
180 gitlink:git-send-pack[1]::
181         Pushes to a remote repository, intelligently.
183 gitlink:git-ssh-fetch[1]::
184         Pulls from a remote repository over ssh connection
185         Previously this command was known as git-ssh-pull.
187 gitlink:git-ssh-upload[1]::
188         Helper "server-side" program used by git-ssh-fetch
189         Previously this command was known as git-ssh-push.
191 gitlink:git-update-server-info[1]::
192         Updates auxiliary information on a dumb server to help
193         clients discover references and packs on it.
195 gitlink:git-upload-pack[1]::
196         Invoked by 'git-clone-pack' and 'git-fetch-pack' to push
197         what are asked for.
200 Porcelain-ish Commands
201 ----------------------
203 gitlink:git-add[1]::
204         Add paths to the index file.
205         Previously this command was known as git-add-script.
207 gitlink:git-applymbox[1]::
208         Apply patches from a mailbox.
210 gitlink:git-bisect[1]::
211         Find the change that introduced a bug.
212         Previously this command was known as git-bisect-script.
214 gitlink:git-branch[1]::
215         Create and Show branches.
216         Previously this command was known as git-branch-script.
218 gitlink:git-checkout[1]::
219         Checkout and switch to a branch.
220         Previously this command was known as git-checkout-script.
222 gitlink:git-cherry-pick[1]::
223         Cherry-pick the effect of an existing commit.
224         Previously this command was known as git-cherry-pick-script.
226 gitlink:git-clone[1]::
227         Clones a repository into a new directory.
228         Previously this command was known as git-clone-script.
230 gitlink:git-commit[1]::
231         Record changes to the repository.
232         Previously this command was known as git-commit-script.
234 gitlink:git-diff[1]::
235         Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc.
236         Previously this command was known as git-diff-script.
238 gitlink:git-fetch[1]::
239         Download from a remote repository via various protocols.
240         Previously this command was known as git-fetch-script.
242 gitlink:git-format-patch[1]::
243         Prepare patches for e-mail submission.
244         Previously this command was known as git-format-patch-script.
246 gitlink:git-grep[1]::
247         Print lines matching a pattern
249 gitlink:git-log[1]::
250         Shows commit logs.
251         Previously this command was known as git-log-script.
253 gitlink:git-ls-remote[1]::
254         Shows references in a remote or local repository.
255         Previously this command was known as git-ls-remote-script.
257 gitlink:git-merge[1]::
258         Grand unified merge driver.
260 gitlink:git-octopus[1]::
261         Merge more than two commits.
262         Previously this command was known as git-octopus-script.
264 gitlink:git-pull[1]::
265         Fetch from and merge with a remote repository.
266         Previously this command was known as git-pull-script.
268 gitlink:git-push[1]::
269         Update remote refs along with associated objects.
270         Previously this command was known as git-push-script.
272 gitlink:git-rebase[1]::
273         Rebase local commits to new upstream head.
274         Previously this command was known as git-rebase-script.
276 gitlink:git-rename[1]::
277         Rename files and directories.
278         Previously this command was known as git-rename-script.
280 gitlink:git-repack[1]::
281         Pack unpacked objects in a repository.
282         Previously this command was known as git-repack-script.
284 gitlink:git-reset[1]::
285         Reset current HEAD to the specified state.
286         Previously this command was known as git-reset-script.
288 gitlink:git-resolve[1]::
289         Merge two commits.
290         Previously this command was known as git-resolve-script.
292 gitlink:git-revert[1]::
293         Revert an existing commit.
294         Previously this command was known as git-revert-script.
296 gitlink:git-shortlog[1]::
297         Summarizes 'git log' output.
299 gitlink:git-show-branch[1]::
300         Show branches and their commits.
302 gitlink:git-status[1]::
303         Shows the working tree status.
304         Previously this command was known as git-status-script.
306 gitlink:git-verify-tag[1]::
307         Check the GPG signature of tag.
308         Previously this command was known as git-verify-tag-script.
310 gitlink:git-whatchanged[1]::
311         Shows commit logs and differences they introduce.
314 Ancillary Commands
315 ------------------
316 Manipulators:
318 gitlink:git-applypatch[1]::
319         Apply one patch extracted from an e-mail.
321 gitlink:git-archimport[1]::
322         Import an arch repository into git.
323         Previously this command was known as git-archimport-script.
325 gitlink:git-convert-objects[1]::
326         Converts old-style GIT repository
327         Previously this command was known as git-convert-cache.
329 gitlink:git-cvsimport[1]::
330         Salvage your data out of another SCM people love to hate.
331         Previously this command was known as git-cvsimport-script.
333 gitlink:git-merge-one-file[1]::
334         The standard helper program to use with "git-merge-index"
335         Previously this command was known as git-merge-one-file-script.
337 gitlink:git-prune[1]::
338         Prunes all unreachable objects from the object database
339         Previously this command was known as git-prune-script.
341 gitlink:git-relink[1]::
342         Hardlink common objects in local repositories.
343         Previously this command was known as git-relink-script.
345 gitlink:git-sh-setup[1]::
346         Common git shell script setup code.
347         Previously this command was known as git-sh-setup-script.
349 gitlink:git-tag[1]::
350         An example script to create a tag object signed with GPG
351         Previously this command was known as git-tag-script.
354 Interrogators:
356 gitlink:git-cherry[1]::
357         Find commits not merged upstream.
359 gitlink:git-count-objects[1]::
360         Count unpacked number of objects and their disk consumption.
361         Previously this command was known as git-count-objects-script.
363 gitlink:git-daemon[1]::
364         A really simple server for GIT repositories.
366 gitlink:git-get-tar-commit-id[1]::
367         Extract commit ID from an archive created using git-tar-tree.
369 gitlink:git-mailinfo[1]::
370         Extracts patch from a single e-mail message.
372 gitlink:git-mailsplit[1]::
373         git-mailsplit.
375 gitlink:git-patch-id[1]::
376         Compute unique ID for a patch.
378 gitlink:git-parse-remote[1]::
379         Routines to help parsing $GIT_DIR/remotes/
380         Previously this command was known as git-parse-remote-script.
382 gitlink:git-request-pull[1]::
383         git-request-pull.
384         Previously this command was known as git-request-pull-script.
386 gitlink:git-rev-parse[1]::
387         Pick out and massage parameters.
389 gitlink:git-send-email[1]::
390         Send patch e-mails out of "format-patch --mbox" output.
391         Previously this command was known as git-send-email-script.
393 gitlink:git-stripspace[1]::
394         Filter out empty lines.
397 Commands not yet documented
398 ---------------------------
400 gitlink:gitk[1]::
401         gitk.
404 Identifier Terminology
405 ----------------------
406 <object>::
407         Indicates the sha1 identifier for any type of object
409 <blob>::
410         Indicates a blob object sha1 identifier
412 <tree>::
413         Indicates a tree object sha1 identifier
415 <commit>::
416         Indicates a commit object sha1 identifier
418 <tree-ish>::
419         Indicates a tree, commit or tag object sha1 identifier.  A
420         command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
421         operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
422         <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
424 <type>::
425         Indicates that an object type is required.
426         Currently one of: blob/tree/commit/tag
428 <file>::
429         Indicates a filename - always relative to the root of
430         the tree structure GIT_INDEX_FILE describes.
432 Symbolic Identifiers
433 --------------------
434 Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
435 symbolic notation:
437 HEAD::
438         indicates the head of the repository (ie the contents of
439         `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`)
440 <tag>::
441         a valid tag 'name'+
442         (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`)
443 <head>::
444         a valid head 'name'+
445         (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`)
446 <snap>::
447         a valid snapshot 'name'+
448         (ie the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/snap/<snap>`)
451 File/Directory Structure
452 ------------------------
454 Please see link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document.
456 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
457 GIT_DIR.
460 Terminology
461 -----------
462 Please see link:glossary.html[glossary] document.
465 Environment Variables
466 ---------------------
467 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
469 The git Repository
470 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
471 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
472 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
473 git so take care if using Cogito etc
475 'GIT_INDEX_FILE'::
476         This environment allows the specification of an alternate
477         cache/index file. If not specified, the default of
478         `$GIT_DIR/index` is used.
480 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
481         If the object storage directory is specified via this
482         environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
483         underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
484         directory is used.
486 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
487         Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
488         archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
489         specifies a ":" separated list of git object directories which
490         can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be
491         written to these directories.
493 'GIT_DIR'::
494         If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it specifies
495         a path to use instead of `./.git` for the base of the
496         repository.
498 git Commits
499 ~~~~~~~~~~~
500 'GIT_AUTHOR_NAME'::
501 'GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL'::
502 'GIT_AUTHOR_DATE'::
503 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
504 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
505         see gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
507 git Diffs
508 ~~~~~~~~~
509 'GIT_DIFF_OPTS'::
510 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
511         see the "generating patches" section in :
512         gitlink:git-diff-index[1];
513         gitlink:git-diff-files[1];
514         gitlink:git-diff-tree[1]
516 Discussion[[Discussion]]
517 ------------------------
518 include::../README[]
520 Author
521 ------
522 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
524 Documentation
525 --------------
526 Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
530 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite