6 git-commit - Record your changes
11 'git-commit' [-a] [-s] [-v] [(-c | -C) <commit> | -F <file> | -m <msg>]
12 [--no-verify] [--amend] [-e] [--author <author>]
13 [--] [[-i | -o ]<file>...]
17 Use 'git commit' when you want to record your changes into the repository
18 along with a log message describing what the commit is about. All changes
19 to be committed must be explicitly identified using one of the following
22 1. by using gitlink:git-add[1] to incrementally "add" changes to the
23 next commit before using the 'commit' command (Note: even modified
24 files must be "added");
26 2. by using gitlink:git-rm[1] to identify content removal for the next
27 commit, again before using the 'commit' command;
29 3. by directly listing files containing changes to be committed as arguments
30 to the 'commit' command, in which cases only those files alone will be
31 considered for the commit;
33 4. by using the -a switch with the 'commit' command to automatically "add"
34 changes from all known files i.e. files that have already been committed
35 before, and perform the actual commit.
37 The gitlink:git-status[1] command can be used to obtain a
38 summary of what is included by any of the above for the next
39 commit by giving the same set of parameters you would give to
42 If you make a commit and then found a mistake immediately after
43 that, you can recover from it with gitlink:git-reset[1].
49 Tell the command to automatically stage files that have
50 been modified and deleted, but new files you have not
51 told git about are not affected.
54 Take existing commit object, and reuse the log message
55 and the authorship information (including the timestamp)
56 when creating the commit. With '-C', the editor is not
57 invoked; with '-c' the user can further edit the commit
61 Take the commit message from the given file. Use '-' to
62 read the message from the standard input.
65 Override the author name used in the commit. Use
66 `A U Thor <author@example.com>` format.
69 Use the given <msg> as the commit message.
72 Add Signed-off-by line at the end of the commit message.
75 This option bypasses the pre-commit hook.
76 See also link:hooks.html[hooks].
79 The message taken from file with `-F`, command line with
80 `-m`, and from file with `-C` are usually used as the
81 commit log message unmodified. This option lets you
82 further edit the message taken from these sources.
86 Used to amend the tip of the current branch. Prepare the tree
87 object you would want to replace the latest commit as usual
88 (this includes the usual -i/-o and explicit paths), and the
89 commit log editor is seeded with the commit message from the
90 tip of the current branch. The commit you create replaces the
91 current tip -- if it was a merge, it will have the parents of
92 the current tip as parents -- so the current top commit is
96 It is a rough equivalent for:
98 $ git reset --soft HEAD^
99 $ ... do something else to come up with the right tree ...
100 $ git commit -c ORIG_HEAD
103 but can be used to amend a merge commit.
107 Before making a commit out of staged contents so far,
108 stage the contents of paths given on the command line
109 as well. This is usually not what you want unless you
110 are concluding a conflicted merge.
113 Supress commit summary message.
116 Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
119 When files are given on the command line, the command
120 commits the contents of the named files, without
121 recording the changes already staged. The contents of
122 these files are also staged for the next commit on top
123 of what have been staged before.
128 When recording your own work, the contents of modified files in
129 your working tree are temporarily stored to a staging area
130 called the "index" with gitlink:git-add[1]. Removal
131 of a file is staged with gitlink:git-rm[1]. After building the
132 state to be committed incrementally with these commands, `git
133 commit` (without any pathname parameter) is used to record what
134 has been staged so far. This is the most basic form of the
145 We should fix 'git rm' to remove goodbye.c from both index and
146 working tree for the above example.
149 Instead of staging files after each individual change, you can
150 tell `git commit` to notice the changes to the files whose
151 contents are tracked in
152 your working tree and do corresponding `git add` and `git rm`
153 for you. That is, this example does the same as the earlier
154 example if there is no other change in your working tree:
162 The command `git commit -a` first looks at your working tree,
163 notices that you have modified hello.c and removed goodbye.c,
164 and performs necessary `git add` and `git rm` for you.
166 After staging changes to many files, you can alter the order the
167 changes are recorded in, by giving pathnames to `git commit`.
168 When pathnames are given, the command makes a commit that
169 only records the changes made to the named paths:
172 $ edit hello.c hello.h
173 $ git add hello.c hello.h
175 $ git commit Makefile
178 This makes a commit that records the modification to `Makefile`.
179 The changes staged for `hello.c` and `hello.h` are not included
180 in the resulting commit. However, their changes are not lost --
181 they are still staged and merely held back. After the above
188 this second commit would record the changes to `hello.c` and
189 `hello.h` as expected.
191 After a merge (initiated by either gitlink:git-merge[1] or
192 gitlink:git-pull[1]) stops because of conflicts, cleanly merged
193 paths are already staged to be committed for you, and paths that
194 conflicted are left in unmerged state. You would have to first
195 check which paths are conflicting with gitlink:git-status[1]
196 and after fixing them manually in your working tree, you would
197 stage the result as usual with gitlink:git-add[1]:
200 $ git status | grep unmerged
206 After resolving conflicts and staging the result, `git ls-files -u`
207 would stop mentioning the conflicted path. When you are done,
208 run `git commit` to finally record the merge:
214 As with the case to record your own changes, you can use `-a`
215 option to save typing. One difference is that during a merge
216 resolution, you cannot use `git commit` with pathnames to
217 alter the order the changes are committed, because the merge
218 should be recorded as a single commit. In fact, the command
219 refuses to run when given pathnames (but see `-i` option).
227 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
228 ---------------------
229 The command specified by either the VISUAL or EDITOR environment
230 variables is used to edit the commit log message.
234 This command can run `commit-msg`, `pre-commit`, and
235 `post-commit` hooks. See link:hooks.html[hooks] for more
244 gitlink:git-merge[1],
245 gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
249 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> and
250 Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>
255 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite