git-whatchanged.html

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 306 </style>
 307 <title>git-whatchanged(1)</title>
 308 </head>
 309 <body>
 310 <div id="header">
 311 <h1>
 312 git-whatchanged(1) Manual Page
 313 </h1>
 314 <h2>NAME</h2>
 315 <div class="sectionbody">
 316 <p>git-whatchanged -
 317    Show logs with difference each commit introduces
 318 </p>
 319 </div>
 320 </div>
 321 <h2>SYNOPSIS</h2>
 322 <div class="sectionbody">
 323 <div class="para"><p><em>git whatchanged</em> &lt;option&gt;&#8230;</p></div>
 324 </div>
 325 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 326 <div class="sectionbody">
 327 <div class="para"><p>Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces.  The
 328 command internally invokes <em>git rev-list</em> piped to
 329 <em>git diff-tree</em>, and takes command line options for both of
 330 these commands.</p></div>
 331 <div class="para"><p>This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.</p></div>
 332 </div>
 333 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 334 <div class="sectionbody">
 335 <div class="vlist"><dl>
 336 <dt>
 337 -p
 338 </dt>
 339 <dd>
 340 <p>
 341         Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff
 342         output format that is useful only to tell the changed
 343         paths and their nature of changes.
 344 </p>
 345 </dd>
 346 <dt>
 347 -&lt;n&gt;
 348 </dt>
 349 <dd>
 350 <p>
 351         Limit output to &lt;n&gt; commits.
 352 </p>
 353 </dd>
 354 <dt>
 355 &lt;since&gt;..&lt;until&gt;
 356 </dt>
 357 <dd>
 358 <p>
 359         Limit output to between the two named commits (bottom
 360         exclusive, top inclusive).
 361 </p>
 362 </dd>
 363 <dt>
 364 -r
 365 </dt>
 366 <dd>
 367 <p>
 368         Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree,
 369         not just the top level.
 370 </p>
 371 </dd>
 372 <dt>
 373 -m
 374 </dt>
 375 <dd>
 376 <p>
 377         By default, differences for merge commits are not shown.
 378         With this flag, show differences to that commit from all
 379         of its parents.
 380 </p>
 381 <div class="para"><p>However, it is not very useful in general, although it
 382 <strong>is</strong> useful on a file-by-file basis.</p></div>
 383 </dd>
 384 <dt>
 385 --pretty[=<em>&lt;format&gt;</em>]
 386 </dt>
 387 <dt>
 388 --format[=<em>&lt;format&gt;</em>]
 389 </dt>
 390 <dd>
 391 <p>
 392         Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
 393         where <em>&lt;format&gt;</em> can be one of <em>oneline</em>, <em>short</em>, <em>medium</em>,
 394         <em>full</em>, <em>fuller</em>, <em>email</em>, <em>raw</em> and <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em>.
 395         When omitted, the format defaults to <em>medium</em>.
 396 </p>
 397 <div class="para"><p>Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository
 398 configuration (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p></div>
 399 </dd>
 400 <dt>
 401 --abbrev-commit
 402 </dt>
 403 <dd>
 404 <p>
 405         Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object
 406         name, show only a partial prefix.  Non default number of
 407         digits can be specified with "--abbrev=&lt;n&gt;" (which also modifies
 408         diff output, if it is displayed).
 409 </p>
 410 <div class="para"><p>This should make "--pretty=oneline" a whole lot more readable for
 411 people using 80-column terminals.</p></div>
 412 </dd>
 413 <dt>
 414 --oneline
 415 </dt>
 416 <dd>
 417 <p>
 418         This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit"
 419         used together.
 420 </p>
 421 </dd>
 422 <dt>
 423 --encoding[=&lt;encoding&gt;]
 424 </dt>
 425 <dd>
 426 <p>
 427         The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message
 428         in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
 429         command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
 430         preferred by the user.  For non plumbing commands this
 431         defaults to UTF-8.
 432 </p>
 433 </dd>
 434 <dt>
 435 --no-notes
 436 </dt>
 437 <dt>
 438 --show-notes[=&lt;ref&gt;]
 439 </dt>
 440 <dd>
 441 <p>
 442         Show the notes (see <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a>) that annotate the
 443         commit, when showing the commit log message.  This is the default
 444         for <tt>git log</tt>, <tt>git show</tt> and <tt>git whatchanged</tt> commands when
 445         there is no <tt>--pretty</tt>, <tt>--format</tt> nor <tt>--oneline</tt> option is
 446         given on the command line.
 447 </p>
 448 <div class="para"><p>With an optional argument, add this ref to the list of notes.  The ref
 449 is taken to be in <tt>refs/notes/</tt> if it is not qualified.</p></div>
 450 </dd>
 451 <dt>
 452 --[no-]standard-notes
 453 </dt>
 454 <dd>
 455 <p>
 456         Enable or disable populating the notes ref list from the
 457         <em>core.notesRef</em> and <em>notes.displayRef</em> variables (or
 458         corresponding environment overrides).  Enabled by default.
 459         See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>.
 460 </p>
 461 </dd>
 462 </dl></div>
 463 </div>
 464 <h2 id="_pretty_formats">PRETTY FORMATS</h2>
 465 <div class="sectionbody">
 466 <div class="para"><p>If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
 467 is not <em>oneline</em>, <em>email</em> or <em>raw</em>, an additional line is
 468 inserted before the <em>Author:</em> line.  This line begins with
 469 "Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed,
 470 separated by spaces.  Note that the listed commits may not
 471 necessarily be the list of the <strong>direct</strong> parent commits if you
 472 have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
 473 only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
 474 file.</p></div>
 475 <div class="para"><p>Here are some additional details for each format:</p></div>
 476 <div class="ilist"><ul>
 477 <li>
 478 <p>
 479 <em>oneline</em>
 480 </p>
 481 <div class="literalblock">
 482 <div class="content">
 483 <pre><tt>&lt;sha1&gt; &lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 484 </div></div>
 485 <div class="para"><p>This is designed to be as compact as possible.</p></div>
 486 </li>
 487 <li>
 488 <p>
 489 <em>short</em>
 490 </p>
 491 <div class="literalblock">
 492 <div class="content">
 493 <pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
 494 Author: &lt;author&gt;</tt></pre>
 495 </div></div>
 496 <div class="literalblock">
 497 <div class="content">
 498 <pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 499 </div></div>
 500 </li>
 501 <li>
 502 <p>
 503 <em>medium</em>
 504 </p>
 505 <div class="literalblock">
 506 <div class="content">
 507 <pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
 508 Author: &lt;author&gt;
 509 Date:   &lt;author date&gt;</tt></pre>
 510 </div></div>
 511 <div class="literalblock">
 512 <div class="content">
 513 <pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 514 </div></div>
 515 <div class="literalblock">
 516 <div class="content">
 517 <pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
 518 </div></div>
 519 </li>
 520 <li>
 521 <p>
 522 <em>full</em>
 523 </p>
 524 <div class="literalblock">
 525 <div class="content">
 526 <pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
 527 Author: &lt;author&gt;
 528 Commit: &lt;committer&gt;</tt></pre>
 529 </div></div>
 530 <div class="literalblock">
 531 <div class="content">
 532 <pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 533 </div></div>
 534 <div class="literalblock">
 535 <div class="content">
 536 <pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
 537 </div></div>
 538 </li>
 539 <li>
 540 <p>
 541 <em>fuller</em>
 542 </p>
 543 <div class="literalblock">
 544 <div class="content">
 545 <pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
 546 Author:     &lt;author&gt;
 547 AuthorDate: &lt;author date&gt;
 548 Commit:     &lt;committer&gt;
 549 CommitDate: &lt;committer date&gt;</tt></pre>
 550 </div></div>
 551 <div class="literalblock">
 552 <div class="content">
 553 <pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 554 </div></div>
 555 <div class="literalblock">
 556 <div class="content">
 557 <pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
 558 </div></div>
 559 </li>
 560 <li>
 561 <p>
 562 <em>email</em>
 563 </p>
 564 <div class="literalblock">
 565 <div class="content">
 566 <pre><tt>From &lt;sha1&gt; &lt;date&gt;
 567 From: &lt;author&gt;
 568 Date: &lt;author date&gt;
 569 Subject: [PATCH] &lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 570 </div></div>
 571 <div class="literalblock">
 572 <div class="content">
 573 <pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
 574 </div></div>
 575 </li>
 576 <li>
 577 <p>
 578 <em>raw</em>
 579 </p>
 580 <div class="para"><p>The <em>raw</em> format shows the entire commit exactly as
 581 stored in the commit object.  Notably, the SHA1s are
 582 displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
 583 --no-abbrev are used, and <em>parents</em> information show the
 584 true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history
 585 simplification into account.</p></div>
 586 </li>
 587 <li>
 588 <p>
 589 <em>format:</em>
 590 </p>
 591 <div class="para"><p>The <em>format:</em> format allows you to specify which information
 592 you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
 593 with the notable exception that you get a newline with <em>%n</em>
 594 instead of <em>\n</em>.</p></div>
 595 <div class="para"><p>E.g, <em>format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was &gt;&gt;%s&lt;&lt;%n"</em>
 596 would show something like this:</p></div>
 597 <div class="listingblock">
 598 <div class="content">
 599 <pre><tt>The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
 600 The title was &gt;&gt;t4119: test autocomputing -p&lt;n&gt; for traditional diff input.&lt;&lt;
 601 </tt></pre>
 602 </div></div>
 603 <div class="para"><p>The placeholders are:</p></div>
 604 <div class="ilist"><ul>
 605 <li>
 606 <p>
 607 <em>%H</em>: commit hash
 608 </p>
 609 </li>
 610 <li>
 611 <p>
 612 <em>%h</em>: abbreviated commit hash
 613 </p>
 614 </li>
 615 <li>
 616 <p>
 617 <em>%T</em>: tree hash
 618 </p>
 619 </li>
 620 <li>
 621 <p>
 622 <em>%t</em>: abbreviated tree hash
 623 </p>
 624 </li>
 625 <li>
 626 <p>
 627 <em>%P</em>: parent hashes
 628 </p>
 629 </li>
 630 <li>
 631 <p>
 632 <em>%p</em>: abbreviated parent hashes
 633 </p>
 634 </li>
 635 <li>
 636 <p>
 637 <em>%an</em>: author name
 638 </p>
 639 </li>
 640 <li>
 641 <p>
 642 <em>%aN</em>: author name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 643 </p>
 644 </li>
 645 <li>
 646 <p>
 647 <em>%ae</em>: author email
 648 </p>
 649 </li>
 650 <li>
 651 <p>
 652 <em>%aE</em>: author email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 653 </p>
 654 </li>
 655 <li>
 656 <p>
 657 <em>%ad</em>: author date (format respects --date= option)
 658 </p>
 659 </li>
 660 <li>
 661 <p>
 662 <em>%aD</em>: author date, RFC2822 style
 663 </p>
 664 </li>
 665 <li>
 666 <p>
 667 <em>%ar</em>: author date, relative
 668 </p>
 669 </li>
 670 <li>
 671 <p>
 672 <em>%at</em>: author date, UNIX timestamp
 673 </p>
 674 </li>
 675 <li>
 676 <p>
 677 <em>%ai</em>: author date, ISO 8601 format
 678 </p>
 679 </li>
 680 <li>
 681 <p>
 682 <em>%cn</em>: committer name
 683 </p>
 684 </li>
 685 <li>
 686 <p>
 687 <em>%cN</em>: committer name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 688 </p>
 689 </li>
 690 <li>
 691 <p>
 692 <em>%ce</em>: committer email
 693 </p>
 694 </li>
 695 <li>
 696 <p>
 697 <em>%cE</em>: committer email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 698 </p>
 699 </li>
 700 <li>
 701 <p>
 702 <em>%cd</em>: committer date
 703 </p>
 704 </li>
 705 <li>
 706 <p>
 707 <em>%cD</em>: committer date, RFC2822 style
 708 </p>
 709 </li>
 710 <li>
 711 <p>
 712 <em>%cr</em>: committer date, relative
 713 </p>
 714 </li>
 715 <li>
 716 <p>
 717 <em>%ct</em>: committer date, UNIX timestamp
 718 </p>
 719 </li>
 720 <li>
 721 <p>
 722 <em>%ci</em>: committer date, ISO 8601 format
 723 </p>
 724 </li>
 725 <li>
 726 <p>
 727 <em>%d</em>: ref names, like the --decorate option of <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>
 728 </p>
 729 </li>
 730 <li>
 731 <p>
 732 <em>%e</em>: encoding
 733 </p>
 734 </li>
 735 <li>
 736 <p>
 737 <em>%s</em>: subject
 738 </p>
 739 </li>
 740 <li>
 741 <p>
 742 <em>%f</em>: sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
 743 </p>
 744 </li>
 745 <li>
 746 <p>
 747 <em>%b</em>: body
 748 </p>
 749 </li>
 750 <li>
 751 <p>
 752 <em>%N</em>: commit notes
 753 </p>
 754 </li>
 755 <li>
 756 <p>
 757 <em>%gD</em>: reflog selector, e.g., <tt>refs/stash@{1}</tt>
 758 </p>
 759 </li>
 760 <li>
 761 <p>
 762 <em>%gd</em>: shortened reflog selector, e.g., <tt>stash@{1}</tt>
 763 </p>
 764 </li>
 765 <li>
 766 <p>
 767 <em>%gs</em>: reflog subject
 768 </p>
 769 </li>
 770 <li>
 771 <p>
 772 <em>%Cred</em>: switch color to red
 773 </p>
 774 </li>
 775 <li>
 776 <p>
 777 <em>%Cgreen</em>: switch color to green
 778 </p>
 779 </li>
 780 <li>
 781 <p>
 782 <em>%Cblue</em>: switch color to blue
 783 </p>
 784 </li>
 785 <li>
 786 <p>
 787 <em>%Creset</em>: reset color
 788 </p>
 789 </li>
 790 <li>
 791 <p>
 792 <em>%C(&#8230;)</em>: color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option
 793 </p>
 794 </li>
 795 <li>
 796 <p>
 797 <em>%m</em>: left, right or boundary mark
 798 </p>
 799 </li>
 800 <li>
 801 <p>
 802 <em>%n</em>: newline
 803 </p>
 804 </li>
 805 <li>
 806 <p>
 807 <em>%%</em>: a raw <em>%</em>
 808 </p>
 809 </li>
 810 <li>
 811 <p>
 812 <em>%x00</em>: print a byte from a hex code
 813 </p>
 814 </li>
 815 <li>
 816 <p>
 817 <em>%w([&lt;w&gt;[,&lt;i1&gt;[,&lt;i2&gt;]]])</em>: switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
 818   <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>.
 819 </p>
 820 </li>
 821 </ul></div>
 822 </li>
 823 </ul></div>
 824 <div class="admonitionblock">
 825 <table><tr>
 826 <td class="icon">
 827 <div class="title">Note</div>
 828 </td>
 829 <td class="content">Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
 830 revision traversal engine. For example, the <tt>%g*</tt> reflog options will
 831 insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
 832 <tt>git log -g</tt>). The <tt>%d</tt> placeholder will use the "short" decoration
 833 format if <tt>--decorate</tt> was not already provided on the command line.</td>
 834 </tr></table>
 835 </div>
 836 <div class="para"><p>If you add a <tt>&#43;</tt> (plus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a line-feed
 837 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
 838 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div>
 839 <div class="para"><p>If you add a <tt>-</tt> (minus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, line-feeds that
 840 immediately precede the expansion are deleted if and only if the
 841 placeholder expands to an empty string.</p></div>
 842 <div class="ilist"><ul>
 843 <li>
 844 <p>
 845 <em>tformat:</em>
 846 </p>
 847 <div class="para"><p>The <em>tformat:</em> format works exactly like <em>format:</em>, except that it
 848 provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
 849 other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
 850 newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
 851 This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
 852 terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
 853 For example:</p></div>
 854 <div class="listingblock">
 855 <div class="content">
 856 <pre><tt>$ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
 857   | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
 858 4da45be
 859 7134973 -- NO NEWLINE
 860
 861 $ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
 862   | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
 863 4da45be
 864 7134973</tt></pre>
 865 </div></div>
 866 <div class="para"><p>In addition, any unrecognized string that has a <tt>%</tt> in it is interpreted
 867 as if it has <tt>tformat:</tt> in front of it.  For example, these two are
 868 equivalent:</p></div>
 869 <div class="listingblock">
 870 <div class="content">
 871 <pre><tt>$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef
 872 $ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef</tt></pre>
 873 </div></div>
 874 </li>
 875 </ul></div>
 876 </div>
 877 <h2 id="_examples">Examples</h2>
 878 <div class="sectionbody">
 879 <div class="vlist"><dl>
 880 <dt>
 881 git whatchanged -p v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi
 882 </dt>
 883 <dd>
 884 <p>
 885         Show as patches the commits since version <em>v2.6.12</em> that changed
 886         any file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
 887 </p>
 888 </dd>
 889 <dt>
 890 git whatchanged --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk
 891 </dt>
 892 <dd>
 893 <p>
 894         Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file <em>gitk</em>.
 895         The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the <strong>branch</strong> named
 896         <em>gitk</em>
 897 </p>
 898 </dd>
 899 </dl></div>
 900 </div>
 901 <h2 id="_author">Author</h2>
 902 <div class="sectionbody">
 903 <div class="para"><p>Written by Linus Torvalds &lt;torvalds@osdl.org&gt; and
 904 Junio C Hamano &lt;gitster@pobox.com&gt;</p></div>
 905 </div>
 906 <h2 id="_documentation">Documentation</h2>
 907 <div class="sectionbody">
 908 <div class="para"><p>Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list &lt;git@vger.kernel.org&gt;.</p></div>
 909 </div>
 910 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 911 <div class="sectionbody">
 912 <div class="para"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
 913 </div>
 914 <div id="footer">
 915 <div id="footer-text">
 916 Last updated 2010-04-24 02:56:12 UTC
 917 </div>
 918 </div>
 919 </body>
 920 </html>