6 git-pull - Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch
11 'git pull' [options] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
17 Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current
18 branch. In its default mode, `git pull` is shorthand for
19 `git fetch` followed by `git merge FETCH_HEAD`.
21 More precisely, 'git pull' runs 'git fetch' with the given
22 parameters and calls 'git merge' to merge the retrieved branch
23 heads into the current branch.
24 With `--rebase`, it runs 'git rebase' instead of 'git merge'.
26 <repository> should be the name of a remote repository as
27 passed to linkgit:git-fetch[1]. <refspec> can name an
28 arbitrary remote ref (for example, the name of a tag) or even
29 a collection of refs with corresponding remote-tracking branches
30 (e.g., refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*), but usually it is
31 the name of a branch in the remote repository.
33 Default values for <repository> and <branch> are read from the
34 "remote" and "merge" configuration for the current branch
35 as set by linkgit:git-branch[1] `--track`.
37 Assume the following history exists and the current branch is
41 A---B---C master on origin
46 Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote
47 `master` branch since it diverged from the local `master` (i.e., `E`)
48 until its current commit (`C`) on top of `master` and record the
49 result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits
50 and a log message from the user describing the changes.
53 A---B---C remotes/origin/master
55 D---E---F---G---H master
58 See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts
59 are presented and handled.
61 In git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
62 `git reset --merge`. *Warning*: In older versions of git, running 'git pull'
63 with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
64 in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
66 If any of the remote changes overlap with local uncommitted changes,
67 the merge will be automatically cancelled and the work tree untouched.
68 It is generally best to get any local changes in working order before
69 pulling or stash them away with linkgit:git-stash[1].
74 Options meant for 'git pull' itself and the underlying 'git merge'
75 must be given before the options meant for 'git fetch'.
79 This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of
80 during transfer, and underlying git-merge to squelch output during
85 Pass --verbose to git-fetch and git-merge.
87 Options related to merging
88 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
90 include::merge-options.txt[]
95 Rebase the current branch on top of the upstream branch after
96 fetching. If there is a remote-tracking branch corresponding to
97 the upstream branch and the upstream branch was rebased since last
98 fetched, the rebase uses that information to avoid rebasing
101 See `branch.<name>.rebase` in linkgit:git-config[1] if you want to make
102 `git pull` always use `{litdd}rebase` instead of merging.
105 This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation.
106 It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you
107 published that history already. Do *not* use this option
108 unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully.
111 Override earlier --rebase.
113 Options related to fetching
114 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
116 include::fetch-options.txt[]
118 include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
120 include::urls-remotes.txt[]
122 include::merge-strategies.txt[]
127 Often people use `git pull` without giving any parameter.
128 Traditionally, this has been equivalent to saying `git pull
129 origin`. However, when configuration `branch.<name>.remote` is
130 present while on branch `<name>`, that value is used instead of
133 In order to determine what URL to use to fetch from, the value
134 of the configuration `remote.<origin>.url` is consulted
135 and if there is not any such variable, the value on `URL: ` line
136 in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` file is used.
138 In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and
139 optionally store in the remote-tracking branches) when the command is
140 run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values
141 of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are
142 consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`
143 file is consulted and its `Pull: ` lines are used.
144 In addition to the refspec formats described in the OPTIONS
145 section, you can have a globbing refspec that looks like this:
148 refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
151 A globbing refspec must have a non-empty RHS (i.e. must store
152 what were fetched in remote-tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS
153 must end with `/*`. The above specifies that all remote
154 branches are tracked using remote-tracking branches in
155 `refs/remotes/origin/` hierarchy under the same name.
157 The rule to determine which remote branch to merge after
158 fetching is a bit involved, in order not to break backward
161 If explicit refspecs were given on the command
162 line of `git pull`, they are all merged.
164 When no refspec was given on the command line, then `git pull`
165 uses the refspec from the configuration or
166 `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`. In such cases, the following
169 . If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current
170 branch `<name>` exists, that is the name of the branch at the
171 remote site that is merged.
173 . If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged.
175 . Otherwise the remote branch of the first refspec is merged.
181 * Update the remote-tracking branches for the repository
182 you cloned from, then merge one of them into your
185 ------------------------------------------------
186 $ git pull, git pull origin
187 ------------------------------------------------
189 Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository,
190 but the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and
191 branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
193 * Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`:
195 ------------------------------------------------
196 $ git pull origin next
197 ------------------------------------------------
199 This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, but
200 does not update any remote-tracking branches. Using remote-tracking
201 branches, the same can be done by invoking fetch and merge:
203 ------------------------------------------------
205 $ git merge origin/next
206 ------------------------------------------------
209 If you tried a pull which resulted in a complex conflicts and
210 would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
215 linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-merge[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
220 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
221 and Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
225 Documentation by Jon Loeliger,
227 Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
231 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite