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 402 </head>
 403 <body>
 404 <div id="header">
 405 <h1>
 406 git-whatchanged(1) Manual Page
 407 </h1>
 408 <h2>NAME</h2>
 409 <div class="sectionbody">
 410 <p>git-whatchanged -
 411    Show logs with difference each commit introduces
 412 </p>
 413 </div>
 414 </div>
 415 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 416 <div class="sectionbody">
 417 <div class="verseblock">
 418 <div class="verseblock-content"><em>git whatchanged</em> &lt;option&gt;&#8230;</div>
 419 <div class="verseblock-attribution">
 420 </div></div>
 421 </div>
 422 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 423 <div class="sectionbody">
 424 <div class="paragraph"><p>Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces.  The
 425 command internally invokes <em>git rev-list</em> piped to
 426 <em>git diff-tree</em>, and takes command line options for both of
 427 these commands.</p></div>
 428 <div class="paragraph"><p>This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.</p></div>
 429 </div>
 430 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 431 <div class="sectionbody">
 432 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 433 <dt class="hdlist1">
 434 -p
 435 </dt>
 436 <dd>
 437 <p>
 438         Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff
 439         output format that is useful only to tell the changed
 440         paths and their nature of changes.
 441 </p>
 442 </dd>
 443 <dt class="hdlist1">
 444 -&lt;n&gt;
 445 </dt>
 446 <dd>
 447 <p>
 448         Limit output to &lt;n&gt; commits.
 449 </p>
 450 </dd>
 451 <dt class="hdlist1">
 452 &lt;since&gt;..&lt;until&gt;
 453 </dt>
 454 <dd>
 455 <p>
 456         Limit output to between the two named commits (bottom
 457         exclusive, top inclusive).
 458 </p>
 459 </dd>
 460 <dt class="hdlist1">
 461 -r
 462 </dt>
 463 <dd>
 464 <p>
 465         Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree,
 466         not just the top level.
 467 </p>
 468 </dd>
 469 <dt class="hdlist1">
 470 -m
 471 </dt>
 472 <dd>
 473 <p>
 474         By default, differences for merge commits are not shown.
 475         With this flag, show differences to that commit from all
 476         of its parents.
 477 </p>
 478 <div class="paragraph"><p>However, it is not very useful in general, although it
 479 <strong>is</strong> useful on a file-by-file basis.</p></div>
 480 </dd>
 481 <dt class="hdlist1">
 482 --pretty[=&lt;format&gt;]
 483 </dt>
 484 <dt class="hdlist1">
 485 --format=&lt;format&gt;
 486 </dt>
 487 <dd>
 488 <p>
 489         Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
 490         where <em>&lt;format&gt;</em> can be one of <em>oneline</em>, <em>short</em>, <em>medium</em>,
 491         <em>full</em>, <em>fuller</em>, <em>email</em>, <em>raw</em> and <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em>.  See
 492         the "PRETTY FORMATS" section for some additional details for each
 493         format.  When omitted, the format defaults to <em>medium</em>.
 494 </p>
 495 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository
 496 configuration (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p></div>
 497 </dd>
 498 <dt class="hdlist1">
 499 --abbrev-commit
 500 </dt>
 501 <dd>
 502 <p>
 503         Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object
 504         name, show only a partial prefix.  Non default number of
 505         digits can be specified with "--abbrev=&lt;n&gt;" (which also modifies
 506         diff output, if it is displayed).
 507 </p>
 508 <div class="paragraph"><p>This should make "--pretty=oneline" a whole lot more readable for
 509 people using 80-column terminals.</p></div>
 510 </dd>
 511 <dt class="hdlist1">
 512 --no-abbrev-commit
 513 </dt>
 514 <dd>
 515 <p>
 516         Show the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object name. This negates
 517         <tt>--abbrev-commit</tt> and those options which imply it such as
 518         "--oneline". It also overrides the <em>log.abbrevCommit</em> variable.
 519 </p>
 520 </dd>
 521 <dt class="hdlist1">
 522 --oneline
 523 </dt>
 524 <dd>
 525 <p>
 526         This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit"
 527         used together.
 528 </p>
 529 </dd>
 530 <dt class="hdlist1">
 531 --encoding[=&lt;encoding&gt;]
 532 </dt>
 533 <dd>
 534 <p>
 535         The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message
 536         in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
 537         command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
 538         preferred by the user.  For non plumbing commands this
 539         defaults to UTF-8.
 540 </p>
 541 </dd>
 542 <dt class="hdlist1">
 543 --notes[=&lt;ref&gt;]
 544 </dt>
 545 <dd>
 546 <p>
 547         Show the notes (see <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a>) that annotate the
 548         commit, when showing the commit log message.  This is the default
 549         for <tt>git log</tt>, <tt>git show</tt> and <tt>git whatchanged</tt> commands when
 550         there is no <tt>--pretty</tt>, <tt>--format</tt> nor <tt>--oneline</tt> option given
 551         on the command line.
 552 </p>
 553 <div class="paragraph"><p>By default, the notes shown are from the notes refs listed in the
 554 <em>core.notesRef</em> and <em>notes.displayRef</em> variables (or corresponding
 555 environment overrides). See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for more details.</p></div>
 556 <div class="paragraph"><p>With an optional <em>&lt;ref&gt;</em> argument, show this notes ref instead of the
 557 default notes ref(s). The ref is taken to be in <tt>refs/notes/</tt> if it
 558 is not qualified.</p></div>
 559 <div class="paragraph"><p>Multiple --notes options can be combined to control which notes are
 560 being displayed. Examples: "--notes=foo" will show only notes from
 561 "refs/notes/foo"; "--notes=foo --notes" will show both notes from
 562 "refs/notes/foo" and from the default notes ref(s).</p></div>
 563 </dd>
 564 <dt class="hdlist1">
 565 --no-notes
 566 </dt>
 567 <dd>
 568 <p>
 569         Do not show notes. This negates the above <tt>--notes</tt> option, by
 570         resetting the list of notes refs from which notes are shown.
 571         Options are parsed in the order given on the command line, so e.g.
 572         "--notes --notes=foo --no-notes --notes=bar" will only show notes
 573         from "refs/notes/bar".
 574 </p>
 575 </dd>
 576 <dt class="hdlist1">
 577 --show-notes[=&lt;ref&gt;]
 578 </dt>
 579 <dt class="hdlist1">
 580 --[no-]standard-notes
 581 </dt>
 582 <dd>
 583 <p>
 584         These options are deprecated. Use the above --notes/--no-notes
 585         options instead.
 586 </p>
 587 </dd>
 588 </dl></div>
 589 </div>
 590 <h2 id="_pretty_formats">PRETTY FORMATS</h2>
 591 <div class="sectionbody">
 592 <div class="paragraph"><p>If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
 593 is not <em>oneline</em>, <em>email</em> or <em>raw</em>, an additional line is
 594 inserted before the <em>Author:</em> line.  This line begins with
 595 "Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed,
 596 separated by spaces.  Note that the listed commits may not
 597 necessarily be the list of the <strong>direct</strong> parent commits if you
 598 have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
 599 only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
 600 file.</p></div>
 601 <div class="paragraph"><p>There are several built-in formats, and you can define
 602 additional formats by setting a pretty.&lt;name&gt;
 603 config option to either another format name, or a
 604 <em>format:</em> string, as described below (see
 605 <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). Here are the details of the
 606 built-in formats:</p></div>
 607 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 608 <li>
 609 <p>
 610 <em>oneline</em>
 611 </p>
 612 <div class="literalblock">
 613 <div class="content">
 614 <pre><tt>&lt;sha1&gt; &lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 615 </div></div>
 616 <div class="paragraph"><p>This is designed to be as compact as possible.</p></div>
 617 </li>
 618 <li>
 619 <p>
 620 <em>short</em>
 621 </p>
 622 <div class="literalblock">
 623 <div class="content">
 624 <pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
 625 Author: &lt;author&gt;</tt></pre>
 626 </div></div>
 627 <div class="literalblock">
 628 <div class="content">
 629 <pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 630 </div></div>
 631 </li>
 632 <li>
 633 <p>
 634 <em>medium</em>
 635 </p>
 636 <div class="literalblock">
 637 <div class="content">
 638 <pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
 639 Author: &lt;author&gt;
 640 Date:   &lt;author date&gt;</tt></pre>
 641 </div></div>
 642 <div class="literalblock">
 643 <div class="content">
 644 <pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 645 </div></div>
 646 <div class="literalblock">
 647 <div class="content">
 648 <pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
 649 </div></div>
 650 </li>
 651 <li>
 652 <p>
 653 <em>full</em>
 654 </p>
 655 <div class="literalblock">
 656 <div class="content">
 657 <pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
 658 Author: &lt;author&gt;
 659 Commit: &lt;committer&gt;</tt></pre>
 660 </div></div>
 661 <div class="literalblock">
 662 <div class="content">
 663 <pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 664 </div></div>
 665 <div class="literalblock">
 666 <div class="content">
 667 <pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
 668 </div></div>
 669 </li>
 670 <li>
 671 <p>
 672 <em>fuller</em>
 673 </p>
 674 <div class="literalblock">
 675 <div class="content">
 676 <pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
 677 Author:     &lt;author&gt;
 678 AuthorDate: &lt;author date&gt;
 679 Commit:     &lt;committer&gt;
 680 CommitDate: &lt;committer date&gt;</tt></pre>
 681 </div></div>
 682 <div class="literalblock">
 683 <div class="content">
 684 <pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 685 </div></div>
 686 <div class="literalblock">
 687 <div class="content">
 688 <pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
 689 </div></div>
 690 </li>
 691 <li>
 692 <p>
 693 <em>email</em>
 694 </p>
 695 <div class="literalblock">
 696 <div class="content">
 697 <pre><tt>From &lt;sha1&gt; &lt;date&gt;
 698 From: &lt;author&gt;
 699 Date: &lt;author date&gt;
 700 Subject: [PATCH] &lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 701 </div></div>
 702 <div class="literalblock">
 703 <div class="content">
 704 <pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
 705 </div></div>
 706 </li>
 707 <li>
 708 <p>
 709 <em>raw</em>
 710 </p>
 711 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>raw</em> format shows the entire commit exactly as
 712 stored in the commit object.  Notably, the SHA1s are
 713 displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
 714 --no-abbrev are used, and <em>parents</em> information show the
 715 true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history
 716 simplification into account.</p></div>
 717 </li>
 718 <li>
 719 <p>
 720 <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em>
 721 </p>
 722 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em> format allows you to specify which information
 723 you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
 724 with the notable exception that you get a newline with <em>%n</em>
 725 instead of <em>\n</em>.</p></div>
 726 <div class="paragraph"><p>E.g, <em>format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was &gt;&gt;%s&lt;&lt;%n"</em>
 727 would show something like this:</p></div>
 728 <div class="listingblock">
 729 <div class="content">
 730 <pre><tt>The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
 731 The title was &gt;&gt;t4119: test autocomputing -p&lt;n&gt; for traditional diff input.&lt;&lt;</tt></pre>
 732 </div></div>
 733 <div class="paragraph"><p>The placeholders are:</p></div>
 734 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 735 <li>
 736 <p>
 737 <em>%H</em>: commit hash
 738 </p>
 739 </li>
 740 <li>
 741 <p>
 742 <em>%h</em>: abbreviated commit hash
 743 </p>
 744 </li>
 745 <li>
 746 <p>
 747 <em>%T</em>: tree hash
 748 </p>
 749 </li>
 750 <li>
 751 <p>
 752 <em>%t</em>: abbreviated tree hash
 753 </p>
 754 </li>
 755 <li>
 756 <p>
 757 <em>%P</em>: parent hashes
 758 </p>
 759 </li>
 760 <li>
 761 <p>
 762 <em>%p</em>: abbreviated parent hashes
 763 </p>
 764 </li>
 765 <li>
 766 <p>
 767 <em>%an</em>: author name
 768 </p>
 769 </li>
 770 <li>
 771 <p>
 772 <em>%aN</em>: author name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 773 </p>
 774 </li>
 775 <li>
 776 <p>
 777 <em>%ae</em>: author email
 778 </p>
 779 </li>
 780 <li>
 781 <p>
 782 <em>%aE</em>: author email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 783 </p>
 784 </li>
 785 <li>
 786 <p>
 787 <em>%ad</em>: author date (format respects --date= option)
 788 </p>
 789 </li>
 790 <li>
 791 <p>
 792 <em>%aD</em>: author date, RFC2822 style
 793 </p>
 794 </li>
 795 <li>
 796 <p>
 797 <em>%ar</em>: author date, relative
 798 </p>
 799 </li>
 800 <li>
 801 <p>
 802 <em>%at</em>: author date, UNIX timestamp
 803 </p>
 804 </li>
 805 <li>
 806 <p>
 807 <em>%ai</em>: author date, ISO 8601 format
 808 </p>
 809 </li>
 810 <li>
 811 <p>
 812 <em>%cn</em>: committer name
 813 </p>
 814 </li>
 815 <li>
 816 <p>
 817 <em>%cN</em>: committer name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 818 </p>
 819 </li>
 820 <li>
 821 <p>
 822 <em>%ce</em>: committer email
 823 </p>
 824 </li>
 825 <li>
 826 <p>
 827 <em>%cE</em>: committer email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 828 </p>
 829 </li>
 830 <li>
 831 <p>
 832 <em>%cd</em>: committer date
 833 </p>
 834 </li>
 835 <li>
 836 <p>
 837 <em>%cD</em>: committer date, RFC2822 style
 838 </p>
 839 </li>
 840 <li>
 841 <p>
 842 <em>%cr</em>: committer date, relative
 843 </p>
 844 </li>
 845 <li>
 846 <p>
 847 <em>%ct</em>: committer date, UNIX timestamp
 848 </p>
 849 </li>
 850 <li>
 851 <p>
 852 <em>%ci</em>: committer date, ISO 8601 format
 853 </p>
 854 </li>
 855 <li>
 856 <p>
 857 <em>%d</em>: ref names, like the --decorate option of <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>
 858 </p>
 859 </li>
 860 <li>
 861 <p>
 862 <em>%e</em>: encoding
 863 </p>
 864 </li>
 865 <li>
 866 <p>
 867 <em>%s</em>: subject
 868 </p>
 869 </li>
 870 <li>
 871 <p>
 872 <em>%f</em>: sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
 873 </p>
 874 </li>
 875 <li>
 876 <p>
 877 <em>%b</em>: body
 878 </p>
 879 </li>
 880 <li>
 881 <p>
 882 <em>%B</em>: raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
 883 </p>
 884 </li>
 885 <li>
 886 <p>
 887 <em>%N</em>: commit notes
 888 </p>
 889 </li>
 890 <li>
 891 <p>
 892 <em>%gD</em>: reflog selector, e.g., <tt>refs/stash@{1}</tt>
 893 </p>
 894 </li>
 895 <li>
 896 <p>
 897 <em>%gd</em>: shortened reflog selector, e.g., <tt>stash@{1}</tt>
 898 </p>
 899 </li>
 900 <li>
 901 <p>
 902 <em>%gs</em>: reflog subject
 903 </p>
 904 </li>
 905 <li>
 906 <p>
 907 <em>%Cred</em>: switch color to red
 908 </p>
 909 </li>
 910 <li>
 911 <p>
 912 <em>%Cgreen</em>: switch color to green
 913 </p>
 914 </li>
 915 <li>
 916 <p>
 917 <em>%Cblue</em>: switch color to blue
 918 </p>
 919 </li>
 920 <li>
 921 <p>
 922 <em>%Creset</em>: reset color
 923 </p>
 924 </li>
 925 <li>
 926 <p>
 927 <em>%C(&#8230;)</em>: color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option
 928 </p>
 929 </li>
 930 <li>
 931 <p>
 932 <em>%m</em>: left, right or boundary mark
 933 </p>
 934 </li>
 935 <li>
 936 <p>
 937 <em>%n</em>: newline
 938 </p>
 939 </li>
 940 <li>
 941 <p>
 942 <em>%%</em>: a raw <em>%</em>
 943 </p>
 944 </li>
 945 <li>
 946 <p>
 947 <em>%x00</em>: print a byte from a hex code
 948 </p>
 949 </li>
 950 <li>
 951 <p>
 952 <em>%w([&lt;w&gt;[,&lt;i1&gt;[,&lt;i2&gt;]]])</em>: switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
 953   <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>.
 954 </p>
 955 </li>
 956 </ul></div>
 957 </li>
 958 </ul></div>
 959 <div class="admonitionblock">
 960 <table><tr>
 961 <td class="icon">
 962 <div class="title">Note</div>
 963 </td>
 964 <td class="content">Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
 965 revision traversal engine. For example, the <tt>%g*</tt> reflog options will
 966 insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
 967 <tt>git log -g</tt>). The <tt>%d</tt> placeholder will use the "short" decoration
 968 format if <tt>--decorate</tt> was not already provided on the command line.</td>
 969 </tr></table>
 970 </div>
 971 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a <tt>&#43;</tt> (plus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a line-feed
 972 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
 973 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div>
 974 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a <tt>-</tt> (minus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, line-feeds that
 975 immediately precede the expansion are deleted if and only if the
 976 placeholder expands to an empty string.</p></div>
 977 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a ` ` (space) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a space
 978 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
 979 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div>
 980 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 981 <li>
 982 <p>
 983 <em>tformat:</em>
 984 </p>
 985 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>tformat:</em> format works exactly like <em>format:</em>, except that it
 986 provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
 987 other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
 988 newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
 989 This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
 990 terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
 991 For example:</p></div>
 992 <div class="listingblock">
 993 <div class="content">
 994 <pre><tt>$ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
 995   | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
 996 4da45be
 997 7134973 -- NO NEWLINE
 998
 999 $ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
1000   | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
1001 4da45be
1002 7134973</tt></pre>
1003 </div></div>
1004 <div class="paragraph"><p>In addition, any unrecognized string that has a <tt>%</tt> in it is interpreted
1005 as if it has <tt>tformat:</tt> in front of it.  For example, these two are
1006 equivalent:</p></div>
1007 <div class="listingblock">
1008 <div class="content">
1009 <pre><tt>$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef
1010 $ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef</tt></pre>
1011 </div></div>
1012 </li>
1013 </ul></div>
1014 </div>
1015 <h2 id="_examples">Examples</h2>
1016 <div class="sectionbody">
1017 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1018 <dt class="hdlist1">
1019 <tt>git whatchanged -p v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi</tt>
1020 </dt>
1021 <dd>
1022 <p>
1023         Show as patches the commits since version <em>v2.6.12</em> that changed
1024         any file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
1025 </p>
1026 </dd>
1027 <dt class="hdlist1">
1028 <tt>git whatchanged --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk</tt>
1029 </dt>
1030 <dd>
1031 <p>
1032         Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file <em>gitk</em>.
1033         The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the <strong>branch</strong> named
1034         <em>gitk</em>
1035 </p>
1036 </dd>
1037 </dl></div>
1038 </div>
1039 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
1040 <div class="sectionbody">
1041 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
1042 </div>
1043 <div id="footer">
1044 <div id="footer-text">
1045 Last updated 2011-08-05 00:04:52 UTC
1046 </div>
1047 </div>
1048 </body>
1049 </html>