6 git-pull - Fetch from and merge with another repository or a local branch
11 'git pull' [options] [<repository> [<refspec>...]]
17 Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current
18 branch. In its default mode, `git pull` is shorthand for
19 `git fetch` followed by `git merge FETCH_HEAD`.
21 More precisely, 'git pull' runs 'git fetch' with the given
22 parameters and calls 'git merge' to merge the retrieved branch
23 heads into the current branch.
24 With `--rebase`, it runs 'git rebase' instead of 'git merge'.
26 <repository> should be the name of a remote repository as
27 passed to linkgit:git-fetch[1]. <refspec> can name an
28 arbitrary remote ref (for example, the name of a tag) or even
29 a collection of refs with corresponding remote tracking branches
30 (e.g., refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*), but usually it is
31 the name of a branch in the remote repository.
33 Default values for <repository> and <branch> are read from the
34 "remote" and "merge" configuration for the current branch
35 as set by linkgit:git-branch[1] `--track`.
37 Assume the following history exists and the current branch is
41 A---B---C master on origin
46 Then "`git pull`" will fetch and replay the changes from the remote
47 `master` branch since it diverged from the local `master` (i.e., `E`)
48 until its current commit (`C`) on top of `master` and record the
49 result in a new commit along with the names of the two parent commits
50 and a log message from the user describing the changes.
53 A---B---C remotes/origin/master
55 D---E---F---G---H master
58 See linkgit:git-merge[1] for details, including how conflicts
59 are presented and handled.
61 In git 1.7.0 or later, to cancel a conflicting merge, use
62 `git reset --merge`. *Warning*: In older versions of git, running 'git pull'
63 with uncommitted changes is discouraged: while possible, it leaves you
64 in a state that may be hard to back out of in the case of a conflict.
66 If any of the remote changes overlap with local uncommitted changes,
67 the merge will be automatically cancelled and the work tree untouched.
68 It is generally best to get any local changes in working order before
69 pulling or stash them away with linkgit:git-stash[1].
74 Options meant for 'git pull' itself and the underlying 'git merge'
75 must be given before the options meant for 'git fetch'.
79 This is passed to both underlying git-fetch to squelch reporting of
80 during transfer, and underlying git-merge to squelch output during
85 Pass --verbose to git-fetch and git-merge.
87 Options related to merging
88 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
90 include::merge-options.txt[]
95 Instead of a merge, perform a rebase after fetching. If
96 there is a remote ref for the upstream branch, and this branch
97 was rebased since last fetched, the rebase uses that information
98 to avoid rebasing non-local changes. To make this the default
99 for branch `<name>`, set configuration `branch.<name>.rebase`
103 This is a potentially _dangerous_ mode of operation.
104 It rewrites history, which does not bode well when you
105 published that history already. Do *not* use this option
106 unless you have read linkgit:git-rebase[1] carefully.
109 Override earlier --rebase.
111 Options related to fetching
112 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
114 include::fetch-options.txt[]
116 include::pull-fetch-param.txt[]
118 include::urls-remotes.txt[]
120 include::merge-strategies.txt[]
125 Often people use `git pull` without giving any parameter.
126 Traditionally, this has been equivalent to saying `git pull
127 origin`. However, when configuration `branch.<name>.remote` is
128 present while on branch `<name>`, that value is used instead of
131 In order to determine what URL to use to fetch from, the value
132 of the configuration `remote.<origin>.url` is consulted
133 and if there is not any such variable, the value on `URL: ` line
134 in `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>` file is used.
136 In order to determine what remote branches to fetch (and
137 optionally store in the tracking branches) when the command is
138 run without any refspec parameters on the command line, values
139 of the configuration variable `remote.<origin>.fetch` are
140 consulted, and if there aren't any, `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`
141 file is consulted and its `Pull: ` lines are used.
142 In addition to the refspec formats described in the OPTIONS
143 section, you can have a globbing refspec that looks like this:
146 refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
149 A globbing refspec must have a non-empty RHS (i.e. must store
150 what were fetched in tracking branches), and its LHS and RHS
151 must end with `/*`. The above specifies that all remote
152 branches are tracked using tracking branches in
153 `refs/remotes/origin/` hierarchy under the same name.
155 The rule to determine which remote branch to merge after
156 fetching is a bit involved, in order not to break backward
159 If explicit refspecs were given on the command
160 line of `git pull`, they are all merged.
162 When no refspec was given on the command line, then `git pull`
163 uses the refspec from the configuration or
164 `$GIT_DIR/remotes/<origin>`. In such cases, the following
167 . If `branch.<name>.merge` configuration for the current
168 branch `<name>` exists, that is the name of the branch at the
169 remote site that is merged.
171 . If the refspec is a globbing one, nothing is merged.
173 . Otherwise the remote branch of the first refspec is merged.
179 * Update the remote-tracking branches for the repository
180 you cloned from, then merge one of them into your
183 ------------------------------------------------
184 $ git pull, git pull origin
185 ------------------------------------------------
187 Normally the branch merged in is the HEAD of the remote repository,
188 but the choice is determined by the branch.<name>.remote and
189 branch.<name>.merge options; see linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
191 * Merge into the current branch the remote branch `next`:
193 ------------------------------------------------
194 $ git pull origin next
195 ------------------------------------------------
197 This leaves a copy of `next` temporarily in FETCH_HEAD, but
198 does not update any remote-tracking branches. Using remote-tracking
199 branches, the same can be done by invoking fetch and merge:
201 ------------------------------------------------
203 $ git merge origin/next
204 ------------------------------------------------
207 If you tried a pull which resulted in a complex conflicts and
208 would want to start over, you can recover with 'git reset'.
213 linkgit:git-fetch[1], linkgit:git-merge[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
218 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
219 and Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
223 Documentation by Jon Loeliger,
225 Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
229 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite