6 git - the stupid content tracker
12 'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [-p|--paginate]
13 [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
17 Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
18 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
19 and full access to internals.
21 See this link:tutorial.html[tutorial] to get started, then see
22 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
23 "man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
24 also want to read link:cvs-migration.html[CVS migration].
25 link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] is still work in
26 progress, but when finished hopefully it will guide a new user
27 in a coherent way to git enlightenment ;-).
29 The COMMAND is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
30 as defined in the configuration file (see gitlink:git-config[1]).
35 You are reading the documentation for the latest version of git.
36 Documentation for older releases are available here:
38 * link:v1.5.0.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.5]
40 * link:v1.5.0.5/RelNotes-1.5.0.5.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.5]
42 * link:v1.5.0.3/RelNotes-1.5.0.3.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.3]
44 * link:v1.5.0.2/RelNotes-1.5.0.2.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.2]
46 * link:v1.5.0.1/RelNotes-1.5.0.1.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.1]
48 * link:v1.5.0/RelNotes-1.5.0.txt[release notes for 1.5.0]
50 * link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.4.4.4]
52 * link:v1.3.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.3.3]
54 * link:v1.2.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.2.6]
56 * link:v1.0.13/git.html[documentation for release 1.0.13]
65 Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
68 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
69 commands. If a git command is named this option will bring up
70 the man-page for that command. If the option '--all' or '-a' is
71 given then all available commands are printed.
74 Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
75 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
76 environment variable. If no path is given 'git' will print
77 the current setting and then exit.
80 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER).
83 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
84 setting the GIT_DIR environment variable.
87 Same as --git-dir=`pwd`.
92 See the references above to get started using git. The following is
93 probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
95 The <<Discussion,Discussion>> section below and the
96 link:core-tutorial.html[Core tutorial] both provide introductions to the
97 underlying git architecture.
99 See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
105 We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
106 ("plumbing") commands.
108 High-level commands (porcelain)
109 -------------------------------
111 We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
112 ancillary user utilities.
114 Main porcelain commands
115 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
117 include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
123 include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
127 include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
130 Interacting with Others
131 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
133 These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
134 people via patch over e-mail.
136 include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
139 Low-level commands (plumbing)
140 -----------------------------
142 Although git includes its
143 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
144 development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
145 might start by reading about gitlink:git-update-index[1] and
146 gitlink:git-read-tree[1].
148 The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
149 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
150 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
151 primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
152 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
155 The following description divides
156 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
157 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
158 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
162 Manipulation commands
163 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
165 include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
168 Interrogation commands
169 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
171 include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
173 In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
177 Synching repositories
178 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
180 include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
182 The following are helper programs used by the above; end users
183 typically do not use them directly.
185 include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
188 Internal helper commands
189 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
191 These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
192 users typically do not use them directly.
194 include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
197 Configuration Mechanism
198 -----------------------
200 Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
201 is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
202 simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
203 people. Here is an example:
207 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
212 ; Don't trust file modes
217 name = "Junio C Hamano"
218 email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
222 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
223 their operation accordingly.
226 Identifier Terminology
227 ----------------------
229 Indicates the object name for any type of object.
232 Indicates a blob object name.
235 Indicates a tree object name.
238 Indicates a commit object name.
241 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A
242 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
243 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
244 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
247 Indicates a commit or tag object name. A
248 command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to
249 operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences
250 <tag> objects that point at a <commit>.
253 Indicates that an object type is required.
254 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
257 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
258 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes.
262 Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
266 indicates the head of the current branch (i.e. the
267 contents of `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`).
271 (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`).
275 (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`).
277 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
278 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in gitlink:git-rev-parse[1].
281 File/Directory Structure
282 ------------------------
284 Please see link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document.
286 Read link:hooks.html[hooks] for more details about each hook.
288 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
294 Please see link:glossary.html[glossary] document.
297 Environment Variables
298 ---------------------
299 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
303 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
304 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
305 git so take care if using Cogito etc.
308 This environment allows the specification of an alternate
309 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
312 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
313 If the object storage directory is specified via this
314 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
315 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
318 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
319 Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
320 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
321 specifies a ":" separated list of git object directories which
322 can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be
323 written to these directories.
326 If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
327 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
328 for the base of the repository.
335 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
336 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
337 see gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
342 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
343 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
344 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
345 value passed on the git diff command line.
347 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
348 When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
349 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
350 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
351 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
353 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
357 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
358 contents of <old|new>,
359 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
360 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
363 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
364 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
365 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
366 index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
367 temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
369 For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
375 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`.
378 If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
379 is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
380 stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
381 execution and external command execution.
382 If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
383 and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
384 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
385 trace messages into this file descriptor.
386 Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
387 (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
388 as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
391 Discussion[[Discussion]]
392 ------------------------
393 include::core-intro.txt[]
397 * git's founding father is Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>.
398 * The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>.
399 * The git potty was written by Andres Ericsson <ae@op5.se>.
400 * General upbringing is handled by the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
404 The documentation for git suite was started by David Greaves
405 <david@dgreaves.com>, and later enhanced greatly by the
406 contributors on the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
410 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite