6 git - the stupid content tracker
12 'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [-p|--paginate]
13 [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
17 Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
18 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
19 and full access to internals.
21 See this link:tutorial.html[tutorial] to get started, then see
22 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
23 "man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
24 also want to read link:cvs-migration.html[CVS migration].
26 The COMMAND is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
27 as defined in the configuration file (see gitlink:git-repo-config[1]).
32 Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
35 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
36 commands. If a git command is named this option will bring up
37 the man-page for that command. If the option '--all' or '-a' is
38 given then all available commands are printed.
41 Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
42 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
43 environment variable. If no path is given 'git' will print
44 the current setting and then exit.
47 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER).
50 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
51 setting the GIT_DIR environment variable.
54 Same as --git-dir=`pwd`.
59 See the references above to get started using git. The following is
60 probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
62 The <<Discussion,Discussion>> section below and the
63 link:core-tutorial.html[Core tutorial] both provide introductions to the
64 underlying git architecture.
66 See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
72 We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
73 ("plumbing") commands.
75 High-level commands (porcelain)
76 -------------------------------
78 We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
79 ancillary user utilities.
81 Main porcelain commands
82 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
84 include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
90 include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
94 include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
97 Interacting with Others
98 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
100 These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
101 people via patch over e-mail.
103 include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
106 Low-level commands (plumbing)
107 -----------------------------
109 Although git includes its
110 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
111 development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
112 might start by reading about gitlink:git-update-index[1] and
113 gitlink:git-read-tree[1].
115 The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
116 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
117 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
118 primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
119 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
122 The following description divides
123 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
124 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
125 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
129 Manipulation commands
130 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
132 include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
135 Interrogation commands
136 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
138 include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
140 In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
144 Synching repositories
145 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
147 include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
149 The following are helper programs used by the above; end users
150 typically do not use them directly.
152 include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
155 Internal helper commands
156 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
158 These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
159 users typically do not use them directly.
161 include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
164 Configuration Mechanism
165 -----------------------
167 Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
168 is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
169 simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
170 people. Here is an example:
174 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
179 ; Don't trust file modes
184 name = "Junio C Hamano"
185 email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
189 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
190 their operation accordingly.
193 Identifier Terminology
194 ----------------------
196 Indicates the object name for any type of object.
199 Indicates a blob object name.
202 Indicates a tree object name.
205 Indicates a commit object name.
208 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A
209 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
210 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
211 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
214 Indicates that an object type is required.
215 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
218 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
219 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes.
223 Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
227 indicates the head of the current branch (i.e. the
228 contents of `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`).
232 (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`).
236 (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`).
238 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
239 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in gitlink:git-rev-parse[1].
242 File/Directory Structure
243 ------------------------
245 Please see link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document.
247 Read link:hooks.html[hooks] for more details about each hook.
249 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
255 Please see link:glossary.html[glossary] document.
258 Environment Variables
259 ---------------------
260 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
264 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
265 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
266 git so take care if using Cogito etc.
269 This environment allows the specification of an alternate
270 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
273 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
274 If the object storage directory is specified via this
275 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
276 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
279 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
280 Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
281 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
282 specifies a ":" separated list of git object directories which
283 can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be
284 written to these directories.
287 If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
288 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
289 for the base of the repository.
296 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
297 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
298 see gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
303 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
304 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
305 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
306 value passed on the git diff command line.
308 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
309 When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
310 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
311 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
312 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
314 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
318 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
319 contents of <old|new>,
320 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
321 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
324 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
325 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
326 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
327 index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
328 temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
330 For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
336 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`.
339 If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
340 is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
341 stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
342 execution and external command execution.
343 If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
344 and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
345 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
346 trace messages into this file descriptor.
347 Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
348 (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
349 as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
352 Discussion[[Discussion]]
353 ------------------------
354 include::core-intro.txt[]
358 * git's founding father is Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>.
359 * The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>.
360 * The git potty was written by Andres Ericsson <ae@op5.se>.
361 * General upbringing is handled by the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
365 The documentation for git suite was started by David Greaves
366 <david@dgreaves.com>, and later enhanced greatly by the
367 contributors on the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
371 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite