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 403 <body>
 404 <div id="header">
 405 <h1>
 406 git-whatchanged(1) Manual Page
 407 </h1>
 408 <h2>NAME</h2>
 409 <div class="sectionbody">
 410 <p>git-whatchanged -
 411    Show logs with difference each commit introduces
 412 </p>
 413 </div>
 414 </div>
 415 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 416 <div class="sectionbody">
 417 <div class="paragraph"><p><em>git whatchanged</em> &lt;option&gt;&#8230;</p></div>
 418 </div>
 419 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 420 <div class="sectionbody">
 421 <div class="paragraph"><p>Shows commit logs and diff output each commit introduces.  The
 422 command internally invokes <em>git rev-list</em> piped to
 423 <em>git diff-tree</em>, and takes command line options for both of
 424 these commands.</p></div>
 425 <div class="paragraph"><p>This manual page describes only the most frequently used options.</p></div>
 426 </div>
 427 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 428 <div class="sectionbody">
 429 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 430 <dt class="hdlist1">
 431 -p
 432 </dt>
 433 <dd>
 434 <p>
 435         Show textual diffs, instead of the git internal diff
 436         output format that is useful only to tell the changed
 437         paths and their nature of changes.
 438 </p>
 439 </dd>
 440 <dt class="hdlist1">
 441 -&lt;n&gt;
 442 </dt>
 443 <dd>
 444 <p>
 445         Limit output to &lt;n&gt; commits.
 446 </p>
 447 </dd>
 448 <dt class="hdlist1">
 449 &lt;since&gt;..&lt;until&gt;
 450 </dt>
 451 <dd>
 452 <p>
 453         Limit output to between the two named commits (bottom
 454         exclusive, top inclusive).
 455 </p>
 456 </dd>
 457 <dt class="hdlist1">
 458 -r
 459 </dt>
 460 <dd>
 461 <p>
 462         Show git internal diff output, but for the whole tree,
 463         not just the top level.
 464 </p>
 465 </dd>
 466 <dt class="hdlist1">
 467 -m
 468 </dt>
 469 <dd>
 470 <p>
 471         By default, differences for merge commits are not shown.
 472         With this flag, show differences to that commit from all
 473         of its parents.
 474 </p>
 475 <div class="paragraph"><p>However, it is not very useful in general, although it
 476 <strong>is</strong> useful on a file-by-file basis.</p></div>
 477 </dd>
 478 <dt class="hdlist1">
 479 --pretty[=&lt;format&gt;]
 480 </dt>
 481 <dt class="hdlist1">
 482 --format=&lt;format&gt;
 483 </dt>
 484 <dd>
 485 <p>
 486         Pretty-print the contents of the commit logs in a given format,
 487         where <em>&lt;format&gt;</em> can be one of <em>oneline</em>, <em>short</em>, <em>medium</em>,
 488         <em>full</em>, <em>fuller</em>, <em>email</em>, <em>raw</em> and <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em>.  See
 489         the "PRETTY FORMATS" section for some additional details for each
 490         format.  When omitted, the format defaults to <em>medium</em>.
 491 </p>
 492 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note: you can specify the default pretty format in the repository
 493 configuration (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p></div>
 494 </dd>
 495 <dt class="hdlist1">
 496 --abbrev-commit
 497 </dt>
 498 <dd>
 499 <p>
 500         Instead of showing the full 40-byte hexadecimal commit object
 501         name, show only a partial prefix.  Non default number of
 502         digits can be specified with "--abbrev=&lt;n&gt;" (which also modifies
 503         diff output, if it is displayed).
 504 </p>
 505 <div class="paragraph"><p>This should make "--pretty=oneline" a whole lot more readable for
 506 people using 80-column terminals.</p></div>
 507 </dd>
 508 <dt class="hdlist1">
 509 --oneline
 510 </dt>
 511 <dd>
 512 <p>
 513         This is a shorthand for "--pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit"
 514         used together.
 515 </p>
 516 </dd>
 517 <dt class="hdlist1">
 518 --encoding[=&lt;encoding&gt;]
 519 </dt>
 520 <dd>
 521 <p>
 522         The commit objects record the encoding used for the log message
 523         in their encoding header; this option can be used to tell the
 524         command to re-code the commit log message in the encoding
 525         preferred by the user.  For non plumbing commands this
 526         defaults to UTF-8.
 527 </p>
 528 </dd>
 529 <dt class="hdlist1">
 530 --notes[=&lt;ref&gt;]
 531 </dt>
 532 <dd>
 533 <p>
 534         Show the notes (see <a href="git-notes.html">git-notes(1)</a>) that annotate the
 535         commit, when showing the commit log message.  This is the default
 536         for <tt>git log</tt>, <tt>git show</tt> and <tt>git whatchanged</tt> commands when
 537         there is no <tt>--pretty</tt>, <tt>--format</tt> nor <tt>--oneline</tt> option given
 538         on the command line.
 539 </p>
 540 <div class="paragraph"><p>By default, the notes shown are from the notes refs listed in the
 541 <em>core.notesRef</em> and <em>notes.displayRef</em> variables (or corresponding
 542 environment overrides). See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for more details.</p></div>
 543 <div class="paragraph"><p>With an optional <em>&lt;ref&gt;</em> argument, show this notes ref instead of the
 544 default notes ref(s). The ref is taken to be in <tt>refs/notes/</tt> if it
 545 is not qualified.</p></div>
 546 <div class="paragraph"><p>Multiple --notes options can be combined to control which notes are
 547 being displayed. Examples: "--notes=foo" will show only notes from
 548 "refs/notes/foo"; "--notes=foo --notes" will show both notes from
 549 "refs/notes/foo" and from the default notes ref(s).</p></div>
 550 </dd>
 551 <dt class="hdlist1">
 552 --no-notes
 553 </dt>
 554 <dd>
 555 <p>
 556         Do not show notes. This negates the above <tt>--notes</tt> option, by
 557         resetting the list of notes refs from which notes are shown.
 558         Options are parsed in the order given on the command line, so e.g.
 559         "--notes --notes=foo --no-notes --notes=bar" will only show notes
 560         from "refs/notes/bar".
 561 </p>
 562 </dd>
 563 <dt class="hdlist1">
 564 --show-notes[=&lt;ref&gt;]
 565 </dt>
 566 <dt class="hdlist1">
 567 --[no-]standard-notes
 568 </dt>
 569 <dd>
 570 <p>
 571         These options are deprecated. Use the above --notes/--no-notes
 572         options instead.
 573 </p>
 574 </dd>
 575 </dl></div>
 576 </div>
 577 <h2 id="_pretty_formats">PRETTY FORMATS</h2>
 578 <div class="sectionbody">
 579 <div class="paragraph"><p>If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
 580 is not <em>oneline</em>, <em>email</em> or <em>raw</em>, an additional line is
 581 inserted before the <em>Author:</em> line.  This line begins with
 582 "Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed,
 583 separated by spaces.  Note that the listed commits may not
 584 necessarily be the list of the <strong>direct</strong> parent commits if you
 585 have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
 586 only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
 587 file.</p></div>
 588 <div class="paragraph"><p>There are several built-in formats, and you can define
 589 additional formats by setting a pretty.&lt;name&gt;
 590 config option to either another format name, or a
 591 <em>format:</em> string, as described below (see
 592 <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>). Here are the details of the
 593 built-in formats:</p></div>
 594 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 595 <li>
 596 <p>
 597 <em>oneline</em>
 598 </p>
 599 <div class="literalblock">
 600 <div class="content">
 601 <pre><tt>&lt;sha1&gt; &lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 602 </div></div>
 603 <div class="paragraph"><p>This is designed to be as compact as possible.</p></div>
 604 </li>
 605 <li>
 606 <p>
 607 <em>short</em>
 608 </p>
 609 <div class="literalblock">
 610 <div class="content">
 611 <pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
 612 Author: &lt;author&gt;</tt></pre>
 613 </div></div>
 614 <div class="literalblock">
 615 <div class="content">
 616 <pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 617 </div></div>
 618 </li>
 619 <li>
 620 <p>
 621 <em>medium</em>
 622 </p>
 623 <div class="literalblock">
 624 <div class="content">
 625 <pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
 626 Author: &lt;author&gt;
 627 Date:   &lt;author date&gt;</tt></pre>
 628 </div></div>
 629 <div class="literalblock">
 630 <div class="content">
 631 <pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 632 </div></div>
 633 <div class="literalblock">
 634 <div class="content">
 635 <pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
 636 </div></div>
 637 </li>
 638 <li>
 639 <p>
 640 <em>full</em>
 641 </p>
 642 <div class="literalblock">
 643 <div class="content">
 644 <pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
 645 Author: &lt;author&gt;
 646 Commit: &lt;committer&gt;</tt></pre>
 647 </div></div>
 648 <div class="literalblock">
 649 <div class="content">
 650 <pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 651 </div></div>
 652 <div class="literalblock">
 653 <div class="content">
 654 <pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
 655 </div></div>
 656 </li>
 657 <li>
 658 <p>
 659 <em>fuller</em>
 660 </p>
 661 <div class="literalblock">
 662 <div class="content">
 663 <pre><tt>commit &lt;sha1&gt;
 664 Author:     &lt;author&gt;
 665 AuthorDate: &lt;author date&gt;
 666 Commit:     &lt;committer&gt;
 667 CommitDate: &lt;committer date&gt;</tt></pre>
 668 </div></div>
 669 <div class="literalblock">
 670 <div class="content">
 671 <pre><tt>&lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 672 </div></div>
 673 <div class="literalblock">
 674 <div class="content">
 675 <pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
 676 </div></div>
 677 </li>
 678 <li>
 679 <p>
 680 <em>email</em>
 681 </p>
 682 <div class="literalblock">
 683 <div class="content">
 684 <pre><tt>From &lt;sha1&gt; &lt;date&gt;
 685 From: &lt;author&gt;
 686 Date: &lt;author date&gt;
 687 Subject: [PATCH] &lt;title line&gt;</tt></pre>
 688 </div></div>
 689 <div class="literalblock">
 690 <div class="content">
 691 <pre><tt>&lt;full commit message&gt;</tt></pre>
 692 </div></div>
 693 </li>
 694 <li>
 695 <p>
 696 <em>raw</em>
 697 </p>
 698 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>raw</em> format shows the entire commit exactly as
 699 stored in the commit object.  Notably, the SHA1s are
 700 displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
 701 --no-abbrev are used, and <em>parents</em> information show the
 702 true parent commits, without taking grafts nor history
 703 simplification into account.</p></div>
 704 </li>
 705 <li>
 706 <p>
 707 <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em>
 708 </p>
 709 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>format:&lt;string&gt;</em> format allows you to specify which information
 710 you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
 711 with the notable exception that you get a newline with <em>%n</em>
 712 instead of <em>\n</em>.</p></div>
 713 <div class="paragraph"><p>E.g, <em>format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was &gt;&gt;%s&lt;&lt;%n"</em>
 714 would show something like this:</p></div>
 715 <div class="listingblock">
 716 <div class="content">
 717 <pre><tt>The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
 718 The title was &gt;&gt;t4119: test autocomputing -p&lt;n&gt; for traditional diff input.&lt;&lt;</tt></pre>
 719 </div></div>
 720 <div class="paragraph"><p>The placeholders are:</p></div>
 721 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 722 <li>
 723 <p>
 724 <em>%H</em>: commit hash
 725 </p>
 726 </li>
 727 <li>
 728 <p>
 729 <em>%h</em>: abbreviated commit hash
 730 </p>
 731 </li>
 732 <li>
 733 <p>
 734 <em>%T</em>: tree hash
 735 </p>
 736 </li>
 737 <li>
 738 <p>
 739 <em>%t</em>: abbreviated tree hash
 740 </p>
 741 </li>
 742 <li>
 743 <p>
 744 <em>%P</em>: parent hashes
 745 </p>
 746 </li>
 747 <li>
 748 <p>
 749 <em>%p</em>: abbreviated parent hashes
 750 </p>
 751 </li>
 752 <li>
 753 <p>
 754 <em>%an</em>: author name
 755 </p>
 756 </li>
 757 <li>
 758 <p>
 759 <em>%aN</em>: author name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 760 </p>
 761 </li>
 762 <li>
 763 <p>
 764 <em>%ae</em>: author email
 765 </p>
 766 </li>
 767 <li>
 768 <p>
 769 <em>%aE</em>: author email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 770 </p>
 771 </li>
 772 <li>
 773 <p>
 774 <em>%ad</em>: author date (format respects --date= option)
 775 </p>
 776 </li>
 777 <li>
 778 <p>
 779 <em>%aD</em>: author date, RFC2822 style
 780 </p>
 781 </li>
 782 <li>
 783 <p>
 784 <em>%ar</em>: author date, relative
 785 </p>
 786 </li>
 787 <li>
 788 <p>
 789 <em>%at</em>: author date, UNIX timestamp
 790 </p>
 791 </li>
 792 <li>
 793 <p>
 794 <em>%ai</em>: author date, ISO 8601 format
 795 </p>
 796 </li>
 797 <li>
 798 <p>
 799 <em>%cn</em>: committer name
 800 </p>
 801 </li>
 802 <li>
 803 <p>
 804 <em>%cN</em>: committer name (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 805 </p>
 806 </li>
 807 <li>
 808 <p>
 809 <em>%ce</em>: committer email
 810 </p>
 811 </li>
 812 <li>
 813 <p>
 814 <em>%cE</em>: committer email (respecting .mailmap, see <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a> or <a href="git-blame.html">git-blame(1)</a>)
 815 </p>
 816 </li>
 817 <li>
 818 <p>
 819 <em>%cd</em>: committer date
 820 </p>
 821 </li>
 822 <li>
 823 <p>
 824 <em>%cD</em>: committer date, RFC2822 style
 825 </p>
 826 </li>
 827 <li>
 828 <p>
 829 <em>%cr</em>: committer date, relative
 830 </p>
 831 </li>
 832 <li>
 833 <p>
 834 <em>%ct</em>: committer date, UNIX timestamp
 835 </p>
 836 </li>
 837 <li>
 838 <p>
 839 <em>%ci</em>: committer date, ISO 8601 format
 840 </p>
 841 </li>
 842 <li>
 843 <p>
 844 <em>%d</em>: ref names, like the --decorate option of <a href="git-log.html">git-log(1)</a>
 845 </p>
 846 </li>
 847 <li>
 848 <p>
 849 <em>%e</em>: encoding
 850 </p>
 851 </li>
 852 <li>
 853 <p>
 854 <em>%s</em>: subject
 855 </p>
 856 </li>
 857 <li>
 858 <p>
 859 <em>%f</em>: sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
 860 </p>
 861 </li>
 862 <li>
 863 <p>
 864 <em>%b</em>: body
 865 </p>
 866 </li>
 867 <li>
 868 <p>
 869 <em>%B</em>: raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
 870 </p>
 871 </li>
 872 <li>
 873 <p>
 874 <em>%N</em>: commit notes
 875 </p>
 876 </li>
 877 <li>
 878 <p>
 879 <em>%gD</em>: reflog selector, e.g., <tt>refs/stash@{1}</tt>
 880 </p>
 881 </li>
 882 <li>
 883 <p>
 884 <em>%gd</em>: shortened reflog selector, e.g., <tt>stash@{1}</tt>
 885 </p>
 886 </li>
 887 <li>
 888 <p>
 889 <em>%gs</em>: reflog subject
 890 </p>
 891 </li>
 892 <li>
 893 <p>
 894 <em>%Cred</em>: switch color to red
 895 </p>
 896 </li>
 897 <li>
 898 <p>
 899 <em>%Cgreen</em>: switch color to green
 900 </p>
 901 </li>
 902 <li>
 903 <p>
 904 <em>%Cblue</em>: switch color to blue
 905 </p>
 906 </li>
 907 <li>
 908 <p>
 909 <em>%Creset</em>: reset color
 910 </p>
 911 </li>
 912 <li>
 913 <p>
 914 <em>%C(&#8230;)</em>: color specification, as described in color.branch.* config option
 915 </p>
 916 </li>
 917 <li>
 918 <p>
 919 <em>%m</em>: left, right or boundary mark
 920 </p>
 921 </li>
 922 <li>
 923 <p>
 924 <em>%n</em>: newline
 925 </p>
 926 </li>
 927 <li>
 928 <p>
 929 <em>%%</em>: a raw <em>%</em>
 930 </p>
 931 </li>
 932 <li>
 933 <p>
 934 <em>%x00</em>: print a byte from a hex code
 935 </p>
 936 </li>
 937 <li>
 938 <p>
 939 <em>%w([&lt;w&gt;[,&lt;i1&gt;[,&lt;i2&gt;]]])</em>: switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
 940   <a href="git-shortlog.html">git-shortlog(1)</a>.
 941 </p>
 942 </li>
 943 </ul></div>
 944 </li>
 945 </ul></div>
 946 <div class="admonitionblock">
 947 <table><tr>
 948 <td class="icon">
 949 <div class="title">Note</div>
 950 </td>
 951 <td class="content">Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
 952 revision traversal engine. For example, the <tt>%g*</tt> reflog options will
 953 insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
 954 <tt>git log -g</tt>). The <tt>%d</tt> placeholder will use the "short" decoration
 955 format if <tt>--decorate</tt> was not already provided on the command line.</td>
 956 </tr></table>
 957 </div>
 958 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a <tt>&#43;</tt> (plus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a line-feed
 959 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
 960 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div>
 961 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a <tt>-</tt> (minus sign) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, line-feeds that
 962 immediately precede the expansion are deleted if and only if the
 963 placeholder expands to an empty string.</p></div>
 964 <div class="paragraph"><p>If you add a ` ` (space) after <em>%</em> of a placeholder, a space
 965 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
 966 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.</p></div>
 967 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 968 <li>
 969 <p>
 970 <em>tformat:</em>
 971 </p>
 972 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>tformat:</em> format works exactly like <em>format:</em>, except that it
 973 provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
 974 other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
 975 newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
 976 This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
 977 terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
 978 For example:</p></div>
 979 <div class="listingblock">
 980 <div class="content">
 981 <pre><tt>$ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
 982   | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
 983 4da45be
 984 7134973 -- NO NEWLINE
 985
 986 $ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
 987   | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
 988 4da45be
 989 7134973</tt></pre>
 990 </div></div>
 991 <div class="paragraph"><p>In addition, any unrecognized string that has a <tt>%</tt> in it is interpreted
 992 as if it has <tt>tformat:</tt> in front of it.  For example, these two are
 993 equivalent:</p></div>
 994 <div class="listingblock">
 995 <div class="content">
 996 <pre><tt>$ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef
 997 $ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef</tt></pre>
 998 </div></div>
 999 </li>
1000 </ul></div>
1001 </div>
1002 <h2 id="_examples">Examples</h2>
1003 <div class="sectionbody">
1004 <div class="dlist"><dl>
1005 <dt class="hdlist1">
1006 git whatchanged -p v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi
1007 </dt>
1008 <dd>
1009 <p>
1010         Show as patches the commits since version <em>v2.6.12</em> that changed
1011         any file in the include/scsi or drivers/scsi subdirectories
1012 </p>
1013 </dd>
1014 <dt class="hdlist1">
1015 git whatchanged --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk
1016 </dt>
1017 <dd>
1018 <p>
1019         Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file <em>gitk</em>.
1020         The "--" is necessary to avoid confusion with the <strong>branch</strong> named
1021         <em>gitk</em>
1022 </p>
1023 </dd>
1024 </dl></div>
1025 </div>
1026 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
1027 <div class="sectionbody">
1028 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
1029 </div>
1030 <div id="footer">
1031 <div id="footer-text">
1032 Last updated 2011-03-15 23:30:15 UTC
1033 </div>
1034 </div>
1035 </body>
1036 </html>