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 571 <div id="header">
 572 <h1>
 573 git-update-index(1) Manual Page
 574 </h1>
 575 <h2>NAME</h2>
 576 <div class="sectionbody">
 577 <p>git-update-index -
 578    Register file contents in the working tree to the index
 579 </p>
 580 </div>
 581 </div>
 582 <div id="content">
 583 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 584 <div class="sectionbody">
 585 <div class="verseblock">
 586 <div class="verseblock-content"><em>git update-index</em>
 587              [--add] [--remove | --force-remove] [--replace]
 588              [--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing]
 589              [(--cacheinfo &lt;mode&gt; &lt;object&gt; &lt;file&gt;)&#8230;]
 590              [--chmod=(+|-)x]
 591              [--assume-unchanged | --no-assume-unchanged]
 592              [--skip-worktree | --no-skip-worktree]
 593              [--ignore-submodules]
 594              [--really-refresh] [--unresolve] [--again | -g]
 595              [--info-only] [--index-info]
 596              [-z] [--stdin]
 597              [--verbose]
 598              [--] [&lt;file&gt;&#8230;]</div>
 599 <div class="verseblock-attribution">
 600 </div></div>
 601 </div>
 602 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 603 <div class="sectionbody">
 604 <div class="paragraph"><p>Modifies the index or directory cache. Each file mentioned is updated
 605 into the index and any <em>unmerged</em> or <em>needs updating</em> state is
 606 cleared.</p></div>
 607 <div class="paragraph"><p>See also <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a> for a more user-friendly way to do some of
 608 the most common operations on the index.</p></div>
 609 <div class="paragraph"><p>The way <em>git update-index</em> handles files it is told about can be modified
 610 using the various options:</p></div>
 611 </div>
 612 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 613 <div class="sectionbody">
 614 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 615 <dt class="hdlist1">
 616 --add
 617 </dt>
 618 <dd>
 619 <p>
 620         If a specified file isn&#8217;t in the index already then it&#8217;s
 621         added.
 622         Default behaviour is to ignore new files.
 623 </p>
 624 </dd>
 625 <dt class="hdlist1">
 626 --remove
 627 </dt>
 628 <dd>
 629 <p>
 630         If a specified file is in the index but is missing then it&#8217;s
 631         removed.
 632         Default behavior is to ignore removed file.
 633 </p>
 634 </dd>
 635 <dt class="hdlist1">
 636 --refresh
 637 </dt>
 638 <dd>
 639 <p>
 640         Looks at the current index and checks to see if merges or
 641         updates are needed by checking stat() information.
 642 </p>
 643 </dd>
 644 <dt class="hdlist1">
 645 -q
 646 </dt>
 647 <dd>
 648 <p>
 649         Quiet.  If --refresh finds that the index needs an update, the
 650         default behavior is to error out.  This option makes
 651         <em>git update-index</em> continue anyway.
 652 </p>
 653 </dd>
 654 <dt class="hdlist1">
 655 --ignore-submodules
 656 </dt>
 657 <dd>
 658 <p>
 659         Do not try to update submodules.  This option is only respected
 660         when passed before --refresh.
 661 </p>
 662 </dd>
 663 <dt class="hdlist1">
 664 --unmerged
 665 </dt>
 666 <dd>
 667 <p>
 668         If --refresh finds unmerged changes in the index, the default
 669         behavior is to error out.  This option makes <em>git update-index</em>
 670         continue anyway.
 671 </p>
 672 </dd>
 673 <dt class="hdlist1">
 674 --ignore-missing
 675 </dt>
 676 <dd>
 677 <p>
 678         Ignores missing files during a --refresh
 679 </p>
 680 </dd>
 681 <dt class="hdlist1">
 682 --cacheinfo &lt;mode&gt; &lt;object&gt; &lt;path&gt;
 683 </dt>
 684 <dd>
 685 <p>
 686         Directly insert the specified info into the index.
 687 </p>
 688 </dd>
 689 <dt class="hdlist1">
 690 --index-info
 691 </dt>
 692 <dd>
 693 <p>
 694         Read index information from stdin.
 695 </p>
 696 </dd>
 697 <dt class="hdlist1">
 698 --chmod=(+|-)x
 699 </dt>
 700 <dd>
 701 <p>
 702         Set the execute permissions on the updated files.
 703 </p>
 704 </dd>
 705 <dt class="hdlist1">
 706 --assume-unchanged
 707 </dt>
 708 <dt class="hdlist1">
 709 --no-assume-unchanged
 710 </dt>
 711 <dd>
 712 <p>
 713         When these flags are specified, the object names recorded
 714         for the paths are not updated.  Instead, these options
 715         set and unset the "assume unchanged" bit for the
 716         paths.  When the "assume unchanged" bit is on, git stops
 717         checking the working tree files for possible
 718         modifications, so you need to manually unset the bit to
 719         tell git when you change the working tree file. This is
 720         sometimes helpful when working with a big project on a
 721         filesystem that has very slow lstat(2) system call
 722         (e.g. cifs).
 723 </p>
 724 <div class="paragraph"><p>This option can be also used as a coarse file-level mechanism
 725 to ignore uncommitted changes in tracked files (akin to what
 726 <tt>.gitignore</tt> does for untracked files).
 727 Git will fail (gracefully) in case it needs to modify this file
 728 in the index e.g. when merging in a commit;
 729 thus, in case the assumed-untracked file is changed upstream,
 730 you will need to handle the situation manually.</p></div>
 731 </dd>
 732 <dt class="hdlist1">
 733 --really-refresh
 734 </dt>
 735 <dd>
 736 <p>
 737         Like <em>--refresh</em>, but checks stat information unconditionally,
 738         without regard to the "assume unchanged" setting.
 739 </p>
 740 </dd>
 741 <dt class="hdlist1">
 742 --skip-worktree
 743 </dt>
 744 <dt class="hdlist1">
 745 --no-skip-worktree
 746 </dt>
 747 <dd>
 748 <p>
 749         When one of these flags is specified, the object name recorded
 750         for the paths are not updated. Instead, these options
 751         set and unset the "skip-worktree" bit for the paths. See
 752         section "Skip-worktree bit" below for more information.
 753 </p>
 754 </dd>
 755 <dt class="hdlist1">
 756 -g
 757 </dt>
 758 <dt class="hdlist1">
 759 --again
 760 </dt>
 761 <dd>
 762 <p>
 763         Runs <em>git update-index</em> itself on the paths whose index
 764         entries are different from those from the <tt>HEAD</tt> commit.
 765 </p>
 766 </dd>
 767 <dt class="hdlist1">
 768 --unresolve
 769 </dt>
 770 <dd>
 771 <p>
 772         Restores the <em>unmerged</em> or <em>needs updating</em> state of a
 773         file during a merge if it was cleared by accident.
 774 </p>
 775 </dd>
 776 <dt class="hdlist1">
 777 --info-only
 778 </dt>
 779 <dd>
 780 <p>
 781         Do not create objects in the object database for all
 782         &lt;file&gt; arguments that follow this flag; just insert
 783         their object IDs into the index.
 784 </p>
 785 </dd>
 786 <dt class="hdlist1">
 787 --force-remove
 788 </dt>
 789 <dd>
 790 <p>
 791         Remove the file from the index even when the working directory
 792         still has such a file. (Implies --remove.)
 793 </p>
 794 </dd>
 795 <dt class="hdlist1">
 796 --replace
 797 </dt>
 798 <dd>
 799 <p>
 800         By default, when a file <tt>path</tt> exists in the index,
 801         <em>git update-index</em> refuses an attempt to add <tt>path/file</tt>.
 802         Similarly if a file <tt>path/file</tt> exists, a file <tt>path</tt>
 803         cannot be added.  With --replace flag, existing entries
 804         that conflict with the entry being added are
 805         automatically removed with warning messages.
 806 </p>
 807 </dd>
 808 <dt class="hdlist1">
 809 --stdin
 810 </dt>
 811 <dd>
 812 <p>
 813         Instead of taking list of paths from the command line,
 814         read list of paths from the standard input.  Paths are
 815         separated by LF (i.e. one path per line) by default.
 816 </p>
 817 </dd>
 818 <dt class="hdlist1">
 819 --verbose
 820 </dt>
 821 <dd>
 822 <p>
 823         Report what is being added and removed from index.
 824 </p>
 825 </dd>
 826 <dt class="hdlist1">
 827 -z
 828 </dt>
 829 <dd>
 830 <p>
 831         Only meaningful with <tt>--stdin</tt> or <tt>--index-info</tt>; paths are
 832         separated with NUL character instead of LF.
 833 </p>
 834 </dd>
 835 <dt class="hdlist1">
 836 --
 837 </dt>
 838 <dd>
 839 <p>
 840         Do not interpret any more arguments as options.
 841 </p>
 842 </dd>
 843 <dt class="hdlist1">
 844 &lt;file&gt;
 845 </dt>
 846 <dd>
 847 <p>
 848         Files to act on.
 849         Note that files beginning with <em>.</em> are discarded. This includes
 850         <tt>./file</tt> and <tt>dir/./file</tt>. If you don&#8217;t want this, then use
 851         cleaner names.
 852         The same applies to directories ending <em>/</em> and paths with <em>//</em>
 853 </p>
 854 </dd>
 855 </dl></div>
 856 </div>
 857 <h2 id="_using_refresh">Using --refresh</h2>
 858 <div class="sectionbody">
 859 <div class="paragraph"><p><em>--refresh</em> does not calculate a new sha1 file or bring the index
 860 up-to-date for mode/content changes. But what it <strong>does</strong> do is to
 861 "re-match" the stat information of a file with the index, so that you
 862 can refresh the index for a file that hasn&#8217;t been changed but where
 863 the stat entry is out of date.</p></div>
 864 <div class="paragraph"><p>For example, you&#8217;d want to do this after doing a <em>git read-tree</em>, to link
 865 up the stat index details with the proper files.</p></div>
 866 </div>
 867 <h2 id="_using_cacheinfo_or_info_only">Using --cacheinfo or --info-only</h2>
 868 <div class="sectionbody">
 869 <div class="paragraph"><p><em>--cacheinfo</em> is used to register a file that is not in the
 870 current working directory.  This is useful for minimum-checkout
 871 merging.</p></div>
 872 <div class="paragraph"><p>To pretend you have a file with mode and sha1 at path, say:</p></div>
 873 <div class="listingblock">
 874 <div class="content">
 875 <pre><tt>$ git update-index --cacheinfo mode sha1 path</tt></pre>
 876 </div></div>
 877 <div class="paragraph"><p><em>--info-only</em> is used to register files without placing them in the object
 878 database.  This is useful for status-only repositories.</p></div>
 879 <div class="paragraph"><p>Both <em>--cacheinfo</em> and <em>--info-only</em> behave similarly: the index is updated
 880 but the object database isn&#8217;t.  <em>--cacheinfo</em> is useful when the object is
 881 in the database but the file isn&#8217;t available locally.  <em>--info-only</em> is
 882 useful when the file is available, but you do not wish to update the
 883 object database.</p></div>
 884 </div>
 885 <h2 id="_using_index_info">Using --index-info</h2>
 886 <div class="sectionbody">
 887 <div class="paragraph"><p><tt>--index-info</tt> is a more powerful mechanism that lets you feed
 888 multiple entry definitions from the standard input, and designed
 889 specifically for scripts.  It can take inputs of three formats:</p></div>
 890 <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
 891 <li>
 892 <p>
 893 mode         SP sha1          TAB path
 894 </p>
 895 <div class="paragraph"><p>The first format is what "git-apply --index-info"
 896 reports, and used to reconstruct a partial tree
 897 that is used for phony merge base tree when falling
 898 back on 3-way merge.</p></div>
 899 </li>
 900 <li>
 901 <p>
 902 mode SP type SP sha1          TAB path
 903 </p>
 904 <div class="paragraph"><p>The second format is to stuff <em>git ls-tree</em> output
 905 into the index file.</p></div>
 906 </li>
 907 <li>
 908 <p>
 909 mode         SP sha1 SP stage TAB path
 910 </p>
 911 <div class="paragraph"><p>This format is to put higher order stages into the
 912 index file and matches <em>git ls-files --stage</em> output.</p></div>
 913 </li>
 914 </ol></div>
 915 <div class="paragraph"><p>To place a higher stage entry to the index, the path should
 916 first be removed by feeding a mode=0 entry for the path, and
 917 then feeding necessary input lines in the third format.</p></div>
 918 <div class="paragraph"><p>For example, starting with this index:</p></div>
 919 <div class="listingblock">
 920 <div class="content">
 921 <pre><tt>$ git ls-files -s
 922 100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 0       frotz</tt></pre>
 923 </div></div>
 924 <div class="paragraph"><p>you can feed the following input to <tt>--index-info</tt>:</p></div>
 925 <div class="listingblock">
 926 <div class="content">
 927 <pre><tt>$ git update-index --index-info
 928 0 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000      frotz
 929 100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1       frotz
 930 100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2       frotz</tt></pre>
 931 </div></div>
 932 <div class="paragraph"><p>The first line of the input feeds 0 as the mode to remove the
 933 path; the SHA1 does not matter as long as it is well formatted.
 934 Then the second and third line feeds stage 1 and stage 2 entries
 935 for that path.  After the above, we would end up with this:</p></div>
 936 <div class="listingblock">
 937 <div class="content">
 938 <pre><tt>$ git ls-files -s
 939 100644 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 1       frotz
 940 100755 8a1218a1024a212bb3db30becd860315f9f3ac52 2       frotz</tt></pre>
 941 </div></div>
 942 </div>
 943 <h2 id="_using_8220_assume_unchanged_8221_bit">Using &#8220;assume unchanged&#8221; bit</h2>
 944 <div class="sectionbody">
 945 <div class="paragraph"><p>Many operations in git depend on your filesystem to have an
 946 efficient <tt>lstat(2)</tt> implementation, so that <tt>st_mtime</tt>
 947 information for working tree files can be cheaply checked to see
 948 if the file contents have changed from the version recorded in
 949 the index file.  Unfortunately, some filesystems have
 950 inefficient <tt>lstat(2)</tt>.  If your filesystem is one of them, you
 951 can set "assume unchanged" bit to paths you have not changed to
 952 cause git not to do this check.  Note that setting this bit on a
 953 path does not mean git will check the contents of the file to
 954 see if it has changed&#8201;&#8212;&#8201;it makes git to omit any checking and
 955 assume it has <strong>not</strong> changed.  When you make changes to working
 956 tree files, you have to explicitly tell git about it by dropping
 957 "assume unchanged" bit, either before or after you modify them.</p></div>
 958 <div class="paragraph"><p>In order to set "assume unchanged" bit, use <tt>--assume-unchanged</tt>
 959 option.  To unset, use <tt>--no-assume-unchanged</tt>. To see which files
 960 have the "assume unchanged" bit set, use <tt>git ls-files -v</tt>
 961 (see <a href="git-ls-files.html">git-ls-files(1)</a>).</p></div>
 962 <div class="paragraph"><p>The command looks at <tt>core.ignorestat</tt> configuration variable.  When
 963 this is true, paths updated with <tt>git update-index paths&#8230;</tt> and
 964 paths updated with other git commands that update both index and
 965 working tree (e.g. <em>git apply --index</em>, <em>git checkout-index -u</em>,
 966 and <em>git read-tree -u</em>) are automatically marked as "assume
 967 unchanged".  Note that "assume unchanged" bit is <strong>not</strong> set if
 968 <tt>git update-index --refresh</tt> finds the working tree file matches
 969 the index (use <tt>git update-index --really-refresh</tt> if you want
 970 to mark them as "assume unchanged").</p></div>
 971 </div>
 972 <h2 id="_examples">Examples</h2>
 973 <div class="sectionbody">
 974 <div class="paragraph"><p>To update and refresh only the files already checked out:</p></div>
 975 <div class="listingblock">
 976 <div class="content">
 977 <pre><tt>$ git checkout-index -n -f -a &amp;&amp; git update-index --ignore-missing --refresh</tt></pre>
 978 </div></div>
 979 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 980 <dt class="hdlist1">
 981 On an inefficient filesystem with <tt>core.ignorestat</tt> set
 982 </dt>
 983 <dd>
 984 <div class="listingblock">
 985 <div class="content">
 986 <pre><tt>$ git update-index --really-refresh              <b>&lt;1&gt;</b>
 987 $ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c   <b>&lt;2&gt;</b>
 988 $ git diff --name-only                           <b>&lt;3&gt;</b>
 989 $ edit foo.c
 990 $ git diff --name-only                           <b>&lt;4&gt;</b>
 991 M foo.c
 992 $ git update-index foo.c                         <b>&lt;5&gt;</b>
 993 $ git diff --name-only                           <b>&lt;6&gt;</b>
 994 $ edit foo.c
 995 $ git diff --name-only                           <b>&lt;7&gt;</b>
 996 $ git update-index --no-assume-unchanged foo.c   <b>&lt;8&gt;</b>
 997 $ git diff --name-only                           <b>&lt;9&gt;</b>
 998 M foo.c</tt></pre>
 999 </div></div>
1000 <div class="colist arabic"><ol>
1001 <li>
1002 <p>
1003 forces lstat(2) to set "assume unchanged" bits for paths that match index.
1004 </p>
1005 </li>
1006 <li>
1007 <p>
1008 mark the path to be edited.
1009 </p>
1010 </li>
1011 <li>
1012 <p>
1013 this does lstat(2) and finds index matches the path.
1014 </p>
1015 </li>
1016 <li>
1017 <p>
1018 this does lstat(2) and finds index does <strong>not</strong> match the path.
1019 </p>
1020 </li>
1021 <li>
1022 <p>
1023 registering the new version to index sets "assume unchanged" bit.
1024 </p>
1025 </li>
1026 <li>
1027 <p>
1028 and it is assumed unchanged.
1029 </p>
1030 </li>
1031 <li>
1032 <p>
1033 even after you edit it.
1034 </p>
1035 </li>
1036 <li>
1037 <p>
1038 you can tell about the change after the fact.
1039 </p>
1040 </li>
1041 <li>
1042 <p>
1043 now it checks with lstat(2) and finds it has been changed.
1044 </p>
1045 </li>
1046 </ol></div>
1047 </dd>
1048 </dl></div>
1049 </div>
1050 <h2 id="_skip_worktree_bit">Skip-worktree bit</h2>
1051 <div class="sectionbody">
1052 <div class="paragraph"><p>Skip-worktree bit can be defined in one (long) sentence: When reading
1053 an entry, if it is marked as skip-worktree, then Git pretends its
1054 working directory version is up to date and read the index version
1055 instead.</p></div>
1056 <div class="paragraph"><p>To elaborate, "reading" means checking for file existence, reading
1057 file attributes or file content. The working directory version may be
1058 present or absent. If present, its content may match against the index
1059 version or not. Writing is not affected by this bit, content safety
1060 is still first priority. Note that Git <em>can</em> update working directory
1061 file, that is marked skip-worktree, if it is safe to do so (i.e.
1062 working directory version matches index version)</p></div>
1063 <div class="paragraph"><p>Although this bit looks similar to assume-unchanged bit, its goal is
1064 different from assume-unchanged bit&#8217;s. Skip-worktree also takes
1065 precedence over assume-unchanged bit when both are set.</p></div>
1066 </div>
1067 <h2 id="_configuration">Configuration</h2>
1068 <div class="sectionbody">
1069 <div class="paragraph"><p>The command honors <tt>core.filemode</tt> configuration variable.  If
1070 your repository is on a filesystem whose executable bits are
1071 unreliable, this should be set to <em>false</em> (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).
1072 This causes the command to ignore differences in file modes recorded
1073 in the index and the file mode on the filesystem if they differ only on
1074 executable bit.   On such an unfortunate filesystem, you may
1075 need to use <em>git update-index --chmod=</em>.</p></div>
1076 <div class="paragraph"><p>Quite similarly, if <tt>core.symlinks</tt> configuration variable is set
1077 to <em>false</em> (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>), symbolic links are checked out
1078 as plain files, and this command does not modify a recorded file mode
1079 from symbolic link to regular file.</p></div>
1080 <div class="paragraph"><p>The command looks at <tt>core.ignorestat</tt> configuration variable.  See
1081 <em>Using "assume unchanged" bit</em> section above.</p></div>
1082 <div class="paragraph"><p>The command also looks at <tt>core.trustctime</tt> configuration variable.
1083 It can be useful when the inode change time is regularly modified by
1084 something outside Git (file system crawlers and backup systems use
1085 ctime for marking files processed) (see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>).</p></div>
1086 </div>
1087 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
1088 <div class="sectionbody">
1089 <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a>,
1090 <a href="git-add.html">git-add(1)</a>,
1091 <a href="git-ls-files.html">git-ls-files(1)</a></p></div>
1092 </div>
1093 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
1094 <div class="sectionbody">
1095 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
1096 </div>
1097 </div>
1098 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
1099 <div id="footer">
1100 <div id="footer-text">
1101 Last updated 2011-10-05 13:59:16 PDT
1102 </div>
1103 </div>
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