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1 *various.txt* For Vim version 5.8. Last change: 2000 Apr 22
4 VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
7 Various commands *various*
9 1. Various commands |various-cmds|
10 2. Online help |online-help|
12 ==============================================================================
13 1. Various commands *various-cmds*
15 *CTRL-L*
16 CTRL-L Clear and redraw the screen.
18 *N<Del>*
19 <Del> When entering a number: Remove the last digit.
20 Note: if you like to use <BS> for this, add this
21 mapping to your .vimrc:
22 :map CTRL-V <BS> CTRL-V <Del>
23 See |:fixdel| if your <Del> key does not do what you
24 want.
26 :as[cii] or *ga* *:as* *:ascii*
27 ga Print the ascii value of the character under the
28 cursor in decimal, hexadecimal and octal. For
29 example, when the cursor is on a 'R':
30 <R> 82, Hex 52, Octal 122
31 When the character is a non-standard ASCII character,
32 but printable according to the 'isprint' option, the
33 non-printable version is also given. When the
34 character is larger than 127, the <M-x> form is also
35 printed. For example:
36 <~A> <M-^A> 129, Hex 81, Octal 201
37 <p> <|~> <M-~> 254, Hex fe, Octal 376
38 (where <p> is a special character)
39 The <Nul> character in a file is stored internally as
40 <NL>, but it will be shown as:
41 <^@> 0, Hex 00, Octal 000
42 Mnemonic: Get Ascii value. {not in Vi}
44 *:p* *:pr* *:print*
45 :[range]p[rint] Print [range] lines (default current line).
46 Note: If you are looking for a way to print your text
47 file, you need an external program for that. In the
48 GUI you can use the File.Print menu entry.
50 :[range]p[rint] {count}
51 Print {count} lines, starting with [range] (default
52 current line |cmdline-ranges|).
54 *:P* *:Print*
55 :[range]P[rint] [count]
56 Just as ":print". Was apparently added to Vi for
57 people that keep the shift key pressed too long...
59 *:l* *:list*
60 :[range]l[ist] [count]
61 Same as :print, but display unprintable characters
62 with '^'.
64 *:nu* *:number*
65 :[range]nu[mber] [count]
66 Same as :print, but precede each line with its line
67 number. (See also 'highlight' option).
69 *:#*
70 :[range]# [count] synonym for :number.
72 *:z*
73 :{range}z[+-^.=]{count} Display several lines of text surrounding the line
74 specified with {range}, or around the current line
75 if there is no {range}. If there is a {count}, that's
76 how many lines you'll see; otherwise, the current
77 window size is used.
79 :z can be used either alone or followed by any of
80 several punctuation marks. These have the following
81 effect:
83 mark first line last line new location ~
84 ---- ---------- --------- ------------
85 + current line 1 scr forward 1 scr forward
86 - 1 scr back current line current line
87 ^ 2 scr back 1 scr back 1 scr back
88 . 1/2 scr back 1/2 scr fwd 1/2 src fwd
89 = 1/2 src back 1/2 scr fwd current line
91 Specifying no mark at all is the same as "+".
92 If the mark is "=", a line of dashes is printed
93 around the current line.
95 *:=*
96 := Print the cursor line number.
98 :norm[al][!] {commands} *:norm* *:normal*
99 Execute Normal mode commands {commands}. This makes
100 it possible to execute Normal mode commands typed on
101 the command-line. {commands} is executed like it is
102 typed. For undo all commands are undone together.
103 If the [!] is given, mappings will not be used.
104 {commands} should be a complete command. If
105 {commands} does not finish a command, more characters
106 need to be typed, but the display isn't updated while
107 doing this. This implies that an insert command must
108 be completed (to start Insert mode, see
109 |:startinsert|).
110 This command cannot be followed by another command,
111 since any '|' is considered part of the command.
112 This command can be used recursively, but the depth is
113 limited by 'maxmapdepth'.
114 When this command is called from a non-remappable
115 mapping |:noremap|, the argument can be mapped anyway.
116 An alternative is to use |:execute|, which uses an
117 expression as argument. This allows the use of
118 printable characters. Example:
119 > :exe "normal \<c-w>\<c-w>"
120 Hint: If the {commands} ends in an <Esc>, Vim may
121 think it's the start of a function key, and 'ttimeout'
122 will apply, which makes things very slow, or even wait
123 indefenitely for anything to be typed. Include the
124 [!] in this case.
125 {not in Vi, of course}
126 Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
127 compile time.
129 :{range}norm[al][!] {commands} *:normal-range*
130 Execute Normal mode commands {commands} for each line
131 in the {range}. Before executing the {commands}, the
132 cursor is positioned in the first column of the range,
133 for each line. Otherwise it's the same as the
134 ":normal" command without a range.
135 {not in Vi}
136 Not available when |+ex_extra| feature was disabled at
137 compile time.
139 *:sh* *:shell*
140 :sh[ell] This command starts a shell. When the shell exits
141 (after the "exit" command) you return to Vim. The
142 name for the shell command comes from 'shell' option.
143 Note: This doesn't work when Vim on the Amiga was
144 started in QuickFix mode from a compiler, because the
145 compiler will have set stdin to a non-interactive
146 mode.
148 *:!cmd* *:!*
149 :!{cmd} Execute {cmd} with the shell. See also the 'shell'
150 and 'shelltype' option.
151 Any '!' in {cmd} is replaced with the previous
152 external command (see also 'cpoptions'). But not when
153 there is a backslash before the '!', then that
154 backslash is removed. Example: ":!ls" followed by
155 ":!echo ! \! \\!" executes "echo ls ! \!".
156 After the command has been executed, the timestamp of
157 the current file is checked |timestamp|.
158 There cannot be a '|' in {cmd}, see |:bar|.
159 On Unix the command normally runs in a non-interactive
160 shell. If you want an interactive shell to be used
161 (to use aliases) set 'shellcmdflag' to "-ic".
162 Also see |shell-window|.
164 *:!!*
165 :!! Repeat last ":!{cmd}".
167 *:ve* *:version*
168 :ve[rsion] Print the version number of the editor. If the
169 compiler used understands "__DATE__" the compilation
170 date is mentioned. Otherwise a fixed release-date is
171 shown.
172 The following lines contain information about which
173 features were enabled when Vim was compiled. When
174 there is a preceding '+', the feature is included,
175 when there is a '-' it is excluded. To change this,
176 you have to edit feature.h and recompile Vim.
177 To check for this in an expression, see |has()|.
178 Here is an overview of the features:
180 *+feature-list*
181 *+ARP* Amiga only: ARP support included
182 *+autocmd* |:autocmd|, automatic commands
183 *+browse* |:browse| command
184 *+builtin_terms* some terminals builtin |builtin-terms|
185 *++builtin_terms* maximal terminals builtin |builtin-terms|
186 *+byte_offset* support for 'o' flag in 'statusline' option, "go"
187 and ":goto" commands.
188 *+cindent* |'cindent'|, C indenting
189 *+cmdline_compl* command line completion |cmdline-completion|
190 *+cmdline_info* |'showcmd'| and |'ruler'|
191 *+comments* |'comments'| support
192 *+cryptv* encryption support |encryption|
193 *+cscope* |cscope| support
194 *+dialog_gui* Support for |:confirm| with GUI dialog.
195 *+dialog_con* Support for |:confirm| with console dialog.
196 *+dialog_con_gui* Support for |:confirm| with GUI and console dialog.
197 *+digraphs* |digraphs|
198 *+emacs_tags* |emacs-tags| files
199 *+eval* expression evaluation |eval.txt|
200 *+ex_extra* Vim's extra Ex commands: |:center|, |:left|,
201 |:normal|, |:retab| and |:right|
202 *+extra_search* |'hlsearch'| and |'incsearch'| options.
203 *+farsi* |farsi| language
204 *+file_in_path* |gf|, |CTRL-W_f| and |<cfile>|
205 *+find_in_path* include file searches: |[I|, |:isearch|,
206 |CTRL-W_CTRL-I|, |:checkpath|, etc.
207 *+fork* Unix only: |fork| shell commands
208 *+GUI_Athena* Unix only: Athena |GUI|
209 *+GUI_BeOS* BeOS only: BeOS |GUI|
210 *+GUI_GTK* Unix only: GTK+ |GUI|
211 *+GUI_Motif* Unix only: Motif |GUI|
212 *+hangul_input* Hangul input support |hangul|
213 *+insert_expand* |insert_expand| Insert mode completion
214 *+langmap* |'langmap'|
215 *+linebreak* |'linebreak'|, |'breakat'| and |'showbreak'|
216 *+lispindent* |'lisp'|
217 *+menu* |:menu|
218 *+mksession* |:mksession|
219 *+modify_fname* |filename-modifiers|
220 *+mouse* Mouse handling |mouse-using|
221 *+mouse_dec* Unix only: Dec terminal mouse handling |dec-mouse|
222 *+mouse_gpm* Unix only: Linux console mouse handling |gpm-mouse|
223 *+mouse_netterm* Unix only: netterm mouse handling |netterm-mouse|
224 *+mouse_xterm* Unix only: xterm mouse handling |xterm-mouse|
225 *+multi_byte* Korean and other languages |multibyte|
226 *+multi_byte_ime* Win32 input method for multi_byte characters.
227 *+ole* Win32 GUI only: |ole-interface|
228 *+osfiletype* Support for the 'osfiletype' option and filetype
229 checking in automatic commands. |autocmd-osfiletypes|
230 *+perl* Perl interface |perl|
231 *+python* Python interface |python|
232 *+quickfix* |:make| and |quickfix| commands
233 *+rightleft* Right to left typing |'rightleft'|
234 *+scrollbind* |'scrollbind'|
235 *+smartindent* |'smartindent'|
236 *+sniff* SniFF interface (no docs available...)
237 *+statusline* Options 'statusline', 'rulerformat' and special
238 formats of 'titlestring' and 'iconstring'
239 *+syntax* Syntax highlighting |syntax|
240 *+system()* Unix only: opposite of |+fork|
241 *+tag_binary* binary searching in tags file |tag-binary-search|
242 *+tag_old_static* old method for static tags |tag-old-static|
243 *+tag_any_white* any white space allowed in tags file |tag-any-white|
244 *+tcl* Tcl interface |tcl|
245 *+terminfo* uses |terminfo| instead of termcap
246 *+textobjects* |text-objects| selection
247 *+tgetent* non-Unix only: able to use external termcap
248 *+title* Setting the window title |'title'|
249 *+user_commands* User-defined commands. |user-commands|
250 *+viminfo* |'viminfo'|
251 *+visualextra* Extra Visual mode commands |blockwise-operators|
252 *+wildignore* |'wildignore'|
253 *+wildmenu* |'wildmenu'|
254 *+writebackup* |'writebackup'| is default on
255 *+xim* X input method |xim|
256 *+xfontset* X fontset support |xfontset|
257 *+xterm_clipboard* Unix only: xterm clipboard handling
258 *+xterm_save* Save and restore xterm screen |xterm-screens|
259 *+X11* Unix only: can restore window title |X11|
261 :ve[rsion] {nr} Is now ignored. This was previously used to check the
262 version number of a .vimrc file. It was removed,
263 because you can now use the ":if" command for
264 version-dependent behavior. {not in Vi}
266 *:redi* *:redir*
267 :redi[r][!] > {file} Redirect messages to file {file}. The messages which
268 are the output of commands are written to that file,
269 until redirection ends. The messages are also still
270 shown on the screen. When [!] is included, an
271 existing file is overwritten. When [!] is omitted,
272 and {file} exists, this command fails. {not in Vi}
274 :redi[r] >> {file} Redirect message to file {file}. Append if {file}
275 already exists. {not in Vi}
277 :redi[r] @{a-zA-Z} Redirect message to register {a-z}. Append to the
278 contents of the register if its name is given
279 uppercase {A-Z}. {not in Vi}
281 :redi[r] END End redirecting messages. {not in Vi}
283 *K*
284 K Run a program to lookup the keyword under the
285 cursor. The name of the program is given with the
286 'keywordprg' (kp) option (default is "man"). The
287 keyword is formed of letters, numbers and the
288 characters in 'iskeyword'. The keyword under or
289 right of the cursor is used. The same can be done
290 with the command
291 > :!{program} {keyword}
292 There is an example of a program to use in the tools
293 directory of Vim. It is called 'ref' and does a
294 simple spelling check.
295 Special cases:
296 - If 'keywordprg' is empty, the ":help" command is
297 used. It's a good idea to include more characters
298 in 'iskeyword' then, to be able to find more help.
299 - When 'keywordprg' is equal to "man", a count before
300 "K" is inserted after the "man" command and before
301 the keyword. For example, using "2K" while the
302 cursor is on "mkdir", results in:
303 > !man 2 mkdir
304 - When 'keywordprg' is equal to "man -s", a count
305 before "K" is inserted after the "-s". If there is
306 no count, the "-s" is removed.
307 {not in Vi}
309 *v_K*
310 {Visual}K Like "K", but use the visually highlighted text for
311 the keyword. Only works when the highlighted text is
312 not more than one line. {not in Vi}
314 [N]gs *gs* *:sl* *:sleep*
315 :[N]sl[eep] [N] [m] Do nothing for [N] seconds. When [m] is included,
316 sleep for [N] milliseconds.
317 > :sleep "sleep for one second
318 > :5sleep "sleep for five seconds
319 > :sleep 100m "sleep for hunderd millisonds
320 Can be interrupted with CTRL-C (CTRL-Break on MS-DOS).
321 "gs" stands for "goto sleep". While sleeping the
322 cursor is positioned in the text (if visible). {not
323 in Vi}
325 *g_CTRL-A*
326 g CTRL-A Only when Vim was compiled with MEM_PROFILING defined
327 (which is very rare): print memory usage statistics.
328 Only useful for debugging Vim.
330 ==============================================================================
331 2. Online help *online-help*
333 *help* *<Help>* *:h* *:help* *<F1>* *i_<F1>* *i_<Help>*
334 <Help> or
335 :h[elp] Split the window and display the help file in
336 read-only mode. If there is a help window open
337 already, use that one. {not in Vi}
339 *{subject}*
340 :h[elp] {subject} Like ":help", additionally jump to the tag {subject}.
341 {subject} can include wildcards like "*", "?" and
342 "[a-z]":
343 :help z? jump to help for any "z" command
344 :help z. jump to the help for "z."
345 If there is no full match for the pattern, or there
346 are several matches, the "best" match will be used.
347 A sophisticated algorithm is used to decide which
348 match is better than another one. These items are
349 considered in the computation:
350 - A match with same case is much better than a match
351 with different case.
352 - A match that starts after a non-alphanumeric
353 character is better than a match in the middle of a
354 word.
355 - A match at or near the beginning of the tag is
356 better than a match further on.
357 - The more alphanumeric characters match, the better.
358 - The shorter the length of the match, the better.
359 Note that the longer the {subject} you give, the less
360 matches will be found. You can get an idea how this
361 all works by using commandline completion (type CTRL-D
362 after ":help subject").
363 If there are several matches, you can have them listed
364 by hitting CTRL-D. Example:
365 > :help cont<Ctrl-D>
366 To use a regexp |pattern|, first do ":help" and then
367 use ":tag {pattern}" in the help window. The
368 ":tnext" command can then be used to jump to other
369 matches, "tselect" to list matches and choose one.
370 > :help index| :tse z.
371 This command can be followed by '|' and another
372 command, but you don't need to escape the '|' inside a
373 help command. So these both work:
374 > :help |
375 > :help k| only
376 Note that a space before the '|' is seen as part of
377 the ":help" argument.
378 You can also use <LF> or <CR> to separate the help
379 command from a following command. You need to type
380 CTRL-V first to insert the <LF> or <CR>. Example:
381 > :help so<C-V><CR>only
382 {not in Vi}
384 The help file name can be set with the 'helpfile' option. The initial height
385 of the help window can be set with the 'helpheight' option (default 20).
386 Jump to specific subjects by using tags. This can be done in two ways:
387 - Use the "CTRL-]" command while standing on the name of a command or option.
388 This only works when the tag is a keyword. "<C-Leftmouse>" and
389 "g<LeftMouse>" work just like "CTRL-]".
390 - use the ":ta {subject}" command. This works with all characters.
392 Use "CTRL-T" to jump back.
393 Use ":q" to close the help window.
395 *help-xterm-window*
396 If you want to have the help in another xterm window, you could use this
397 command:
398 :!xterm -e vim +help &
401 *:helpfind* *:helpf*
402 :helpf[ind] Like |:help|, but use a dialog to enter the argument.
403 {only when compiled with |+GUI_GTK|}
405 vim:tw=78:ts=8:sw=8: