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 571 <div id="header">
 572 <h1>
 573 git-pack-objects(1) Manual Page
 574 </h1>
 575 <h2>NAME</h2>
 576 <div class="sectionbody">
 577 <p>git-pack-objects -
 578    Create a packed archive of objects
 579 </p>
 580 </div>
 581 </div>
 582 <div id="content">
 583 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 584 <div class="sectionbody">
 585 <div class="verseblock">
 586 <div class="verseblock-content"><em>git pack-objects</em> [-q | --progress | --all-progress] [--all-progress-implied]
 587         [--no-reuse-delta] [--delta-base-offset] [--non-empty]
 588         [--local] [--incremental] [--window=&lt;n&gt;] [--depth=&lt;n&gt;]
 589         [--revs [--unpacked | --all]] [--stdout | base-name]
 590         [--keep-true-parents] &lt; object-list</div>
 591 <div class="verseblock-attribution">
 592 </div></div>
 593 </div>
 594 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 595 <div class="sectionbody">
 596 <div class="paragraph"><p>Reads list of objects from the standard input, and writes a packed
 597 archive with specified base-name, or to the standard output.</p></div>
 598 <div class="paragraph"><p>A packed archive is an efficient way to transfer a set of objects
 599 between two repositories as well as an access efficient archival
 600 format.  In a packed archive, an object is either stored as a
 601 compressed whole or as a difference from some other object.
 602 The latter is often called a delta.</p></div>
 603 <div class="paragraph"><p>The packed archive format (.pack) is designed to be self-contained
 604 so that it can be unpacked without any further information. Therefore,
 605 each object that a delta depends upon must be present within the pack.</p></div>
 606 <div class="paragraph"><p>A pack index file (.idx) is generated for fast, random access to the
 607 objects in the pack. Placing both the index file (.idx) and the packed
 608 archive (.pack) in the pack/ subdirectory of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY (or
 609 any of the directories on $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES)
 610 enables git to read from the pack archive.</p></div>
 611 <div class="paragraph"><p>The <em>git unpack-objects</em> command can read the packed archive and
 612 expand the objects contained in the pack into "one-file
 613 one-object" format; this is typically done by the smart-pull
 614 commands when a pack is created on-the-fly for efficient network
 615 transport by their peers.</p></div>
 616 </div>
 617 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 618 <div class="sectionbody">
 619 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 620 <dt class="hdlist1">
 621 base-name
 622 </dt>
 623 <dd>
 624 <p>
 625         Write into a pair of files (.pack and .idx), using
 626         &lt;base-name&gt; to determine the name of the created file.
 627         When this option is used, the two files are written in
 628         &lt;base-name&gt;-&lt;SHA1&gt;.{pack,idx} files.  &lt;SHA1&gt; is a hash
 629         of the sorted object names to make the resulting filename
 630         based on the pack content, and written to the standard
 631         output of the command.
 632 </p>
 633 </dd>
 634 <dt class="hdlist1">
 635 --stdout
 636 </dt>
 637 <dd>
 638 <p>
 639         Write the pack contents (what would have been written to
 640         .pack file) out to the standard output.
 641 </p>
 642 </dd>
 643 <dt class="hdlist1">
 644 --revs
 645 </dt>
 646 <dd>
 647 <p>
 648         Read the revision arguments from the standard input, instead of
 649         individual object names.  The revision arguments are processed
 650         the same way as <em>git rev-list</em> with the <tt>--objects</tt> flag
 651         uses its <tt>commit</tt> arguments to build the list of objects it
 652         outputs.  The objects on the resulting list are packed.
 653 </p>
 654 </dd>
 655 <dt class="hdlist1">
 656 --unpacked
 657 </dt>
 658 <dd>
 659 <p>
 660         This implies <tt>--revs</tt>.  When processing the list of
 661         revision arguments read from the standard input, limit
 662         the objects packed to those that are not already packed.
 663 </p>
 664 </dd>
 665 <dt class="hdlist1">
 666 --all
 667 </dt>
 668 <dd>
 669 <p>
 670         This implies <tt>--revs</tt>.  In addition to the list of
 671         revision arguments read from the standard input, pretend
 672         as if all refs under <tt>refs/</tt> are specified to be
 673         included.
 674 </p>
 675 </dd>
 676 <dt class="hdlist1">
 677 --include-tag
 678 </dt>
 679 <dd>
 680 <p>
 681         Include unasked-for annotated tags if the object they
 682         reference was included in the resulting packfile.  This
 683         can be useful to send new tags to native git clients.
 684 </p>
 685 </dd>
 686 <dt class="hdlist1">
 687 --window=&lt;n&gt;
 688 </dt>
 689 <dt class="hdlist1">
 690 --depth=&lt;n&gt;
 691 </dt>
 692 <dd>
 693 <p>
 694         These two options affect how the objects contained in
 695         the pack are stored using delta compression.  The
 696         objects are first internally sorted by type, size and
 697         optionally names and compared against the other objects
 698         within --window to see if using delta compression saves
 699         space.  --depth limits the maximum delta depth; making
 700         it too deep affects the performance on the unpacker
 701         side, because delta data needs to be applied that many
 702         times to get to the necessary object.
 703         The default value for --window is 10 and --depth is 50.
 704 </p>
 705 </dd>
 706 <dt class="hdlist1">
 707 --window-memory=&lt;n&gt;
 708 </dt>
 709 <dd>
 710 <p>
 711         This option provides an additional limit on top of <tt>--window</tt>;
 712         the window size will dynamically scale down so as to not take
 713         up more than <em>&lt;n&gt;</em> bytes in memory.  This is useful in
 714         repositories with a mix of large and small objects to not run
 715         out of memory with a large window, but still be able to take
 716         advantage of the large window for the smaller objects.  The
 717         size can be suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".
 718         <tt>--window-memory=0</tt> makes memory usage unlimited, which is the
 719         default.
 720 </p>
 721 </dd>
 722 <dt class="hdlist1">
 723 --max-pack-size=&lt;n&gt;
 724 </dt>
 725 <dd>
 726 <p>
 727         Maximum size of each output pack file. The size can be suffixed with
 728         "k", "m", or "g". The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB.
 729         If specified,  multiple packfiles may be created.
 730         The default is unlimited, unless the config variable
 731         <tt>pack.packSizeLimit</tt> is set.
 732 </p>
 733 </dd>
 734 <dt class="hdlist1">
 735 --honor-pack-keep
 736 </dt>
 737 <dd>
 738 <p>
 739         This flag causes an object already in a local pack that
 740         has a .keep file to be ignored, even if it would have
 741         otherwise been packed.
 742 </p>
 743 </dd>
 744 <dt class="hdlist1">
 745 --incremental
 746 </dt>
 747 <dd>
 748 <p>
 749         This flag causes an object already in a pack to be ignored
 750         even if it would have otherwise been packed.
 751 </p>
 752 </dd>
 753 <dt class="hdlist1">
 754 --local
 755 </dt>
 756 <dd>
 757 <p>
 758         This flag causes an object that is borrowed from an alternate
 759         object store to be ignored even if it would have otherwise been
 760         packed.
 761 </p>
 762 </dd>
 763 <dt class="hdlist1">
 764 --non-empty
 765 </dt>
 766 <dd>
 767 <p>
 768         Only create a packed archive if it would contain at
 769         least one object.
 770 </p>
 771 </dd>
 772 <dt class="hdlist1">
 773 --progress
 774 </dt>
 775 <dd>
 776 <p>
 777         Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
 778         by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
 779         is specified. This flag forces progress status even if
 780         the standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
 781 </p>
 782 </dd>
 783 <dt class="hdlist1">
 784 --all-progress
 785 </dt>
 786 <dd>
 787 <p>
 788         When --stdout is specified then progress report is
 789         displayed during the object count and compression phases
 790         but inhibited during the write-out phase. The reason is
 791         that in some cases the output stream is directly linked
 792         to another command which may wish to display progress
 793         status of its own as it processes incoming pack data.
 794         This flag is like --progress except that it forces progress
 795         report for the write-out phase as well even if --stdout is
 796         used.
 797 </p>
 798 </dd>
 799 <dt class="hdlist1">
 800 --all-progress-implied
 801 </dt>
 802 <dd>
 803 <p>
 804         This is used to imply --all-progress whenever progress display
 805         is activated.  Unlike --all-progress this flag doesn&#8217;t actually
 806         force any progress display by itself.
 807 </p>
 808 </dd>
 809 <dt class="hdlist1">
 810 -q
 811 </dt>
 812 <dd>
 813 <p>
 814         This flag makes the command not to report its progress
 815         on the standard error stream.
 816 </p>
 817 </dd>
 818 <dt class="hdlist1">
 819 --no-reuse-delta
 820 </dt>
 821 <dd>
 822 <p>
 823         When creating a packed archive in a repository that
 824         has existing packs, the command reuses existing deltas.
 825         This sometimes results in a slightly suboptimal pack.
 826         This flag tells the command not to reuse existing deltas
 827         but compute them from scratch.
 828 </p>
 829 </dd>
 830 <dt class="hdlist1">
 831 --no-reuse-object
 832 </dt>
 833 <dd>
 834 <p>
 835         This flag tells the command not to reuse existing object data at all,
 836         including non deltified object, forcing recompression of everything.
 837         This implies --no-reuse-delta. Useful only in the obscure case where
 838         wholesale enforcement of a different compression level on the
 839         packed data is desired.
 840 </p>
 841 </dd>
 842 <dt class="hdlist1">
 843 --compression=&lt;n&gt;
 844 </dt>
 845 <dd>
 846 <p>
 847         Specifies compression level for newly-compressed data in the
 848         generated pack.  If not specified,  pack compression level is
 849         determined first by pack.compression,  then by core.compression,
 850         and defaults to -1,  the zlib default,  if neither is set.
 851         Add --no-reuse-object if you want to force a uniform compression
 852         level on all data no matter the source.
 853 </p>
 854 </dd>
 855 <dt class="hdlist1">
 856 --thin
 857 </dt>
 858 <dd>
 859 <p>
 860         Create a "thin" pack by omitting the common objects between a
 861         sender and a receiver in order to reduce network transfer. This
 862         option only makes sense in conjunction with --stdout.
 863 </p>
 864 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note: A thin pack violates the packed archive format by omitting
 865 required objects and is thus unusable by git without making it
 866 self-contained. Use <tt>git index-pack --fix-thin</tt>
 867 (see <a href="git-index-pack.html">git-index-pack(1)</a>) to restore the self-contained property.</p></div>
 868 </dd>
 869 <dt class="hdlist1">
 870 --delta-base-offset
 871 </dt>
 872 <dd>
 873 <p>
 874         A packed archive can express the base object of a delta as
 875         either a 20-byte object name or as an offset in the
 876         stream, but ancient versions of git don&#8217;t understand the
 877         latter.  By default, <em>git pack-objects</em> only uses the
 878         former format for better compatibility.  This option
 879         allows the command to use the latter format for
 880         compactness.  Depending on the average delta chain
 881         length, this option typically shrinks the resulting
 882         packfile by 3-5 per-cent.
 883 </p>
 884 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note: Porcelain commands such as <tt>git gc</tt> (see <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>),
 885 <tt>git repack</tt> (see <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>) pass this option by default
 886 in modern git when they put objects in your repository into pack files.
 887 So does <tt>git bundle</tt> (see <a href="git-bundle.html">git-bundle(1)</a>) when it creates a bundle.</p></div>
 888 </dd>
 889 <dt class="hdlist1">
 890 --threads=&lt;n&gt;
 891 </dt>
 892 <dd>
 893 <p>
 894         Specifies the number of threads to spawn when searching for best
 895         delta matches.  This requires that pack-objects be compiled with
 896         pthreads otherwise this option is ignored with a warning.
 897         This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines.
 898         The required amount of memory for the delta search window is
 899         however multiplied by the number of threads.
 900         Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU&#8217;s
 901         and set the number of threads accordingly.
 902 </p>
 903 </dd>
 904 <dt class="hdlist1">
 905 --index-version=&lt;version&gt;[,&lt;offset&gt;]
 906 </dt>
 907 <dd>
 908 <p>
 909         This is intended to be used by the test suite only. It allows
 910         to force the version for the generated pack index, and to force
 911         64-bit index entries on objects located above the given offset.
 912 </p>
 913 </dd>
 914 <dt class="hdlist1">
 915 --keep-true-parents
 916 </dt>
 917 <dd>
 918 <p>
 919         With this option, parents that are hidden by grafts are packed
 920         nevertheless.
 921 </p>
 922 </dd>
 923 </dl></div>
 924 </div>
 925 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
 926 <div class="sectionbody">
 927 <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-rev-list.html">git-rev-list(1)</a>
 928 <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a>
 929 <a href="git-prune-packed.html">git-prune-packed(1)</a></p></div>
 930 </div>
 931 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
 932 <div class="sectionbody">
 933 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
 934 </div>
 935 </div>
 936 <div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
 937 <div id="footer">
 938 <div id="footer-text">
 939 Last updated 2011-09-21 23:01:14 PDT
 940 </div>
 941 </div>
 942 </body>
 943 </html>