git-send-email.html

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 404 <div id="header">
 405 <h1>
 406 git-send-email(1) Manual Page
 407 </h1>
 408 <h2>NAME</h2>
 409 <div class="sectionbody">
 410 <p>git-send-email -
 411    Send a collection of patches as emails
 412 </p>
 413 </div>
 414 </div>
 415 <h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
 416 <div class="sectionbody">
 417 <div class="paragraph"><p><em>git send-email</em> [options] &lt;file|directory|rev-list options&gt;&#8230;</p></div>
 418 </div>
 419 <h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
 420 <div class="sectionbody">
 421 <div class="paragraph"><p>Takes the patches given on the command line and emails them out.
 422 Patches can be specified as files, directories (which will send all
 423 files in the directory), or directly as a revision list.  In the
 424 last case, any format accepted by <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> can
 425 be passed to git send-email.</p></div>
 426 <div class="paragraph"><p>The header of the email is configurable by command line options.  If not
 427 specified on the command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine
 428 enabled interface to provide the necessary information.</p></div>
 429 <div class="paragraph"><p>There are two formats accepted for patch files:</p></div>
 430 <div class="olist arabic"><ol class="arabic">
 431 <li>
 432 <p>
 433 mbox format files
 434 </p>
 435 <div class="paragraph"><p>This is what <a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a> generates.  Most headers and MIME
 436 formatting are ignored.</p></div>
 437 </li>
 438 <li>
 439 <p>
 440 The original format used by Greg Kroah-Hartman&#8217;s <em>send_lots_of_email.pl</em>
 441 script
 442 </p>
 443 <div class="paragraph"><p>This format expects the first line of the file to contain the "Cc:" value
 444 and the "Subject:" of the message as the second line.</p></div>
 445 </li>
 446 </ol></div>
 447 </div>
 448 <h2 id="_options">OPTIONS</h2>
 449 <div class="sectionbody">
 450 <h3 id="_composing">Composing</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
 451 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 452 <dt class="hdlist1">
 453 --annotate
 454 </dt>
 455 <dd>
 456 <p>
 457         Review and edit each patch you&#8217;re about to send. See the
 458         CONFIGURATION section for <em>sendemail.multiedit</em>.
 459 </p>
 460 </dd>
 461 <dt class="hdlist1">
 462 --bcc=&lt;address&gt;
 463 </dt>
 464 <dd>
 465 <p>
 466         Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of
 467         <em>sendemail.bcc</em>.
 468 </p>
 469 <div class="paragraph"><p>The --bcc option must be repeated for each user you want on the bcc list.</p></div>
 470 </dd>
 471 <dt class="hdlist1">
 472 --cc=&lt;address&gt;
 473 </dt>
 474 <dd>
 475 <p>
 476         Specify a starting "Cc:" value for each email.
 477         Default is the value of <em>sendemail.cc</em>.
 478 </p>
 479 <div class="paragraph"><p>The --cc option must be repeated for each user you want on the cc list.</p></div>
 480 </dd>
 481 <dt class="hdlist1">
 482 --compose
 483 </dt>
 484 <dd>
 485 <p>
 486         Invoke a text editor (see GIT_EDITOR in <a href="git-var.html">git-var(1)</a>)
 487         to edit an introductory message for the patch series.
 488 </p>
 489 <div class="paragraph"><p>When <em>--compose</em> is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and
 490 In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
 491 (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank
 492 (or GIT: prefixed) lines the summary won&#8217;t be sent, but From, Subject,
 493 and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.</p></div>
 494 <div class="paragraph"><p>Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.</p></div>
 495 <div class="paragraph"><p>See the CONFIGURATION section for <em>sendemail.multiedit</em>.</p></div>
 496 </dd>
 497 <dt class="hdlist1">
 498 --from=&lt;address&gt;
 499 </dt>
 500 <dd>
 501 <p>
 502         Specify the sender of the emails.  If not specified on the command line,
 503         the value of the <em>sendemail.from</em> configuration option is used.  If
 504         neither the command line option nor <em>sendemail.from</em> are set, then the
 505         user will be prompted for the value.  The default for the prompt will be
 506         the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not
 507         set, as returned by "git var -l".
 508 </p>
 509 </dd>
 510 <dt class="hdlist1">
 511 --in-reply-to=&lt;identifier&gt;
 512 </dt>
 513 <dd>
 514 <p>
 515         Make the first mail (or all the mails with <tt>--no-thread</tt>) appear as a
 516         reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
 517         provide a new patch series.
 518         The second and subsequent emails will be sent as replies according to
 519         the <tt>--[no]-chain-reply-to</tt> setting.
 520 </p>
 521 <div class="paragraph"><p>So for example when <tt>--thread</tt> and <tt>--no-chain-reply-to</tt> are specified, the
 522 second and subsequent patches will be replies to the first one like in the
 523 illustration below where <tt>[PATCH v2 0/3]</tt> is in reply to <tt>[PATCH 0/2]</tt>:</p></div>
 524 <div class="literalblock">
 525 <div class="content">
 526 <pre><tt>[PATCH 0/2] Here is what I did...
 527   [PATCH 1/2] Clean up and tests
 528   [PATCH 2/2] Implementation
 529   [PATCH v2 0/3] Here is a reroll
 530     [PATCH v2 1/3] Clean up
 531     [PATCH v2 2/3] New tests
 532     [PATCH v2 3/3] Implementation</tt></pre>
 533 </div></div>
 534 <div class="paragraph"><p>Only necessary if --compose is also set.  If --compose
 535 is not set, this will be prompted for.</p></div>
 536 </dd>
 537 <dt class="hdlist1">
 538 --subject=&lt;string&gt;
 539 </dt>
 540 <dd>
 541 <p>
 542         Specify the initial subject of the email thread.
 543         Only necessary if --compose is also set.  If --compose
 544         is not set, this will be prompted for.
 545 </p>
 546 </dd>
 547 <dt class="hdlist1">
 548 --to=&lt;address&gt;
 549 </dt>
 550 <dd>
 551 <p>
 552         Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated. Generally, this
 553         will be the upstream maintainer of the project involved. Default is the
 554         value of the <em>sendemail.to</em> configuration value; if that is unspecified,
 555         and --to-cmd is not specified, this will be prompted for.
 556 </p>
 557 <div class="paragraph"><p>The --to option must be repeated for each user you want on the to list.</p></div>
 558 </dd>
 559 <dt class="hdlist1">
 560 --8bit-encoding=&lt;encoding&gt;
 561 </dt>
 562 <dd>
 563 <p>
 564         When encountering a non-ASCII message or subject that does not
 565         declare its encoding, add headers/quoting to indicate it is
 566         encoded in &lt;encoding&gt;.  Default is the value of the
 567         <em>sendemail.assume8bitEncoding</em>; if that is unspecified, this
 568         will be prompted for if any non-ASCII files are encountered.
 569 </p>
 570 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding.</p></div>
 571 </dd>
 572 </dl></div>
 573 <h3 id="_sending">Sending</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
 574 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 575 <dt class="hdlist1">
 576 --envelope-sender=&lt;address&gt;
 577 </dt>
 578 <dd>
 579 <p>
 580         Specify the envelope sender used to send the emails.
 581         This is useful if your default address is not the address that is
 582         subscribed to a list. In order to use the <em>From</em> address, set the
 583         value to "auto". If you use the sendmail binary, you must have
 584         suitable privileges for the -f parameter.  Default is the value of the
 585         <em>sendemail.envelopesender</em> configuration variable; if that is
 586         unspecified, choosing the envelope sender is left to your MTA.
 587 </p>
 588 </dd>
 589 <dt class="hdlist1">
 590 --smtp-encryption=&lt;encryption&gt;
 591 </dt>
 592 <dd>
 593 <p>
 594         Specify the encryption to use, either <em>ssl</em> or <em>tls</em>.  Any other
 595         value reverts to plain SMTP.  Default is the value of
 596         <em>sendemail.smtpencryption</em>.
 597 </p>
 598 </dd>
 599 <dt class="hdlist1">
 600 --smtp-domain=&lt;FQDN&gt;
 601 </dt>
 602 <dd>
 603 <p>
 604         Specifies the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used in the
 605         HELO/EHLO command to the SMTP server.  Some servers require the
 606         FQDN to match your IP address.  If not set, git send-email attempts
 607         to determine your FQDN automatically.  Default is the value of
 608         <em>sendemail.smtpdomain</em>.
 609 </p>
 610 </dd>
 611 <dt class="hdlist1">
 612 --smtp-pass[=&lt;password&gt;]
 613 </dt>
 614 <dd>
 615 <p>
 616         Password for SMTP-AUTH. The argument is optional: If no
 617         argument is specified, then the empty string is used as
 618         the password. Default is the value of <em>sendemail.smtppass</em>,
 619         however <em>--smtp-pass</em> always overrides this value.
 620 </p>
 621 <div class="paragraph"><p>Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files
 622 or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
 623 <em>--smtp-user</em> or a <em>sendemail.smtpuser</em>), but no password has been
 624 specified (with <em>--smtp-pass</em> or <em>sendemail.smtppass</em>), then the
 625 user is prompted for a password while the input is masked for privacy.</p></div>
 626 </dd>
 627 <dt class="hdlist1">
 628 --smtp-server=&lt;host&gt;
 629 </dt>
 630 <dd>
 631 <p>
 632         If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
 633         <tt>smtp.example.com</tt> or a raw IP address).  Alternatively it can
 634         specify a full pathname of a sendmail-like program instead;
 635         the program must support the <tt>-i</tt> option.  Default value can
 636         be specified by the <em>sendemail.smtpserver</em> configuration
 637         option; the built-in default is <tt>/usr/sbin/sendmail</tt> or
 638         <tt>/usr/lib/sendmail</tt> if such program is available, or
 639         <tt>localhost</tt> otherwise.
 640 </p>
 641 </dd>
 642 <dt class="hdlist1">
 643 --smtp-server-port=&lt;port&gt;
 644 </dt>
 645 <dd>
 646 <p>
 647         Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP
 648         servers typically listen to smtp port 25, but may also listen to
 649         submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port 465);
 650         symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 587)
 651         are also accepted. The port can also be set with the
 652         <em>sendemail.smtpserverport</em> configuration variable.
 653 </p>
 654 </dd>
 655 <dt class="hdlist1">
 656 --smtp-server-option=&lt;option&gt;
 657 </dt>
 658 <dd>
 659 <p>
 660         If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server option to use.
 661         Default value can be specified by the <em>sendemail.smtpserveroption</em>
 662         configuration option.
 663 </p>
 664 <div class="paragraph"><p>The --smtp-server-option option must be repeated for each option you want
 665 to pass to the server. Likewise, different lines in the configuration files
 666 must be used for each option.</p></div>
 667 </dd>
 668 <dt class="hdlist1">
 669 --smtp-ssl
 670 </dt>
 671 <dd>
 672 <p>
 673         Legacy alias for <em>--smtp-encryption ssl</em>.
 674 </p>
 675 </dd>
 676 <dt class="hdlist1">
 677 --smtp-user=&lt;user&gt;
 678 </dt>
 679 <dd>
 680 <p>
 681         Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of <em>sendemail.smtpuser</em>;
 682         if a username is not specified (with <em>--smtp-user</em> or <em>sendemail.smtpuser</em>),
 683         then authentication is not attempted.
 684 </p>
 685 </dd>
 686 </dl></div>
 687 <h3 id="_automating">Automating</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
 688 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 689 <dt class="hdlist1">
 690 --to-cmd=&lt;command&gt;
 691 </dt>
 692 <dd>
 693 <p>
 694         Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
 695         should generate patch file specific "To:" entries.
 696         Output of this command must be single email address per line.
 697         Default is the value of <em>sendemail.tocmd</em> configuration value.
 698 </p>
 699 </dd>
 700 <dt class="hdlist1">
 701 --cc-cmd=&lt;command&gt;
 702 </dt>
 703 <dd>
 704 <p>
 705         Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
 706         should generate patch file specific "Cc:" entries.
 707         Output of this command must be single email address per line.
 708         Default is the value of <em>sendemail.cccmd</em> configuration value.
 709 </p>
 710 </dd>
 711 <dt class="hdlist1">
 712 --[no-]chain-reply-to
 713 </dt>
 714 <dd>
 715 <p>
 716         If this is set, each email will be sent as a reply to the previous
 717         email sent.  If disabled with "--no-chain-reply-to", all emails after
 718         the first will be sent as replies to the first email sent.  When using
 719         this, it is recommended that the first file given be an overview of the
 720         entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the <em>sendemail.chainreplyto</em>
 721         configuration variable can be used to enable it.
 722 </p>
 723 </dd>
 724 <dt class="hdlist1">
 725 --identity=&lt;identity&gt;
 726 </dt>
 727 <dd>
 728 <p>
 729         A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the
 730         <em>sendemail.&lt;identity&gt;</em> subsection to take precedence over
 731         values in the <em>sendemail</em> section. The default identity is
 732         the value of <em>sendemail.identity</em>.
 733 </p>
 734 </dd>
 735 <dt class="hdlist1">
 736 --[no-]signed-off-by-cc
 737 </dt>
 738 <dd>
 739 <p>
 740         If this is set, add emails found in Signed-off-by: or Cc: lines to the
 741         cc list. Default is the value of <em>sendemail.signedoffbycc</em> configuration
 742         value; if that is unspecified, default to --signed-off-by-cc.
 743 </p>
 744 </dd>
 745 <dt class="hdlist1">
 746 --suppress-cc=&lt;category&gt;
 747 </dt>
 748 <dd>
 749 <p>
 750         Specify an additional category of recipients to suppress the
 751         auto-cc of:
 752 </p>
 753 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 754 <li>
 755 <p>
 756 <em>author</em> will avoid including the patch author
 757 </p>
 758 </li>
 759 <li>
 760 <p>
 761 <em>self</em> will avoid including the sender
 762 </p>
 763 </li>
 764 <li>
 765 <p>
 766 <em>cc</em> will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the patch header
 767   except for self (use <em>self</em> for that).
 768 </p>
 769 </li>
 770 <li>
 771 <p>
 772 <em>bodycc</em> will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the
 773   patch body (commit message) except for self (use <em>self</em> for that).
 774 </p>
 775 </li>
 776 <li>
 777 <p>
 778 <em>sob</em> will avoid including anyone mentioned in Signed-off-by lines except
 779    for self (use <em>self</em> for that).
 780 </p>
 781 </li>
 782 <li>
 783 <p>
 784 <em>cccmd</em> will avoid running the --cc-cmd.
 785 </p>
 786 </li>
 787 <li>
 788 <p>
 789 <em>body</em> is equivalent to <em>sob</em> + <em>bodycc</em>
 790 </p>
 791 </li>
 792 <li>
 793 <p>
 794 <em>all</em> will suppress all auto cc values.
 795 </p>
 796 </li>
 797 </ul></div>
 798 <div class="paragraph"><p>Default is the value of <em>sendemail.suppresscc</em> configuration value; if
 799 that is unspecified, default to <em>self</em> if --suppress-from is
 800 specified, as well as <em>body</em> if --no-signed-off-cc is specified.</p></div>
 801 </dd>
 802 <dt class="hdlist1">
 803 --[no-]suppress-from
 804 </dt>
 805 <dd>
 806 <p>
 807         If this is set, do not add the From: address to the cc: list.
 808         Default is the value of <em>sendemail.suppressfrom</em> configuration
 809         value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-suppress-from.
 810 </p>
 811 </dd>
 812 <dt class="hdlist1">
 813 --[no-]thread
 814 </dt>
 815 <dd>
 816 <p>
 817         If this is set, the In-Reply-To and References headers will be
 818         added to each email sent.  Whether each mail refers to the
 819         previous email (<tt>deep</tt> threading per <em>git format-patch</em>
 820         wording) or to the first email (<tt>shallow</tt> threading) is
 821         governed by "--[no-]chain-reply-to".
 822 </p>
 823 <div class="paragraph"><p>If disabled with "--no-thread", those headers will not be added
 824 (unless specified with --in-reply-to).  Default is the value of the
 825 <em>sendemail.thread</em> configuration value; if that is unspecified,
 826 default to --thread.</p></div>
 827 <div class="paragraph"><p>It is up to the user to ensure that no In-Reply-To header already
 828 exists when <em>git send-email</em> is asked to add it (especially note that
 829 <em>git format-patch</em> can be configured to do the threading itself).
 830 Failure to do so may not produce the expected result in the
 831 recipient&#8217;s MUA.</p></div>
 832 </dd>
 833 </dl></div>
 834 <h3 id="_administering">Administering</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
 835 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 836 <dt class="hdlist1">
 837 --confirm=&lt;mode&gt;
 838 </dt>
 839 <dd>
 840 <p>
 841         Confirm just before sending:
 842 </p>
 843 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 844 <li>
 845 <p>
 846 <em>always</em> will always confirm before sending
 847 </p>
 848 </li>
 849 <li>
 850 <p>
 851 <em>never</em> will never confirm before sending
 852 </p>
 853 </li>
 854 <li>
 855 <p>
 856 <em>cc</em> will confirm before sending when send-email has automatically
 857   added addresses from the patch to the Cc list
 858 </p>
 859 </li>
 860 <li>
 861 <p>
 862 <em>compose</em> will confirm before sending the first message when using --compose.
 863 </p>
 864 </li>
 865 <li>
 866 <p>
 867 <em>auto</em> is equivalent to <em>cc</em> + <em>compose</em>
 868 </p>
 869 </li>
 870 </ul></div>
 871 <div class="paragraph"><p>Default is the value of <em>sendemail.confirm</em> configuration value; if that
 872 is unspecified, default to <em>auto</em> unless any of the suppress options
 873 have been specified, in which case default to <em>compose</em>.</p></div>
 874 </dd>
 875 <dt class="hdlist1">
 876 --dry-run
 877 </dt>
 878 <dd>
 879 <p>
 880         Do everything except actually send the emails.
 881 </p>
 882 </dd>
 883 <dt class="hdlist1">
 884 --[no-]format-patch
 885 </dt>
 886 <dd>
 887 <p>
 888         When an argument may be understood either as a reference or as a file name,
 889         choose to understand it as a format-patch argument (<em>--format-patch</em>)
 890         or as a file name (<em>--no-format-patch</em>). By default, when such a conflict
 891         occurs, git send-email will fail.
 892 </p>
 893 </dd>
 894 <dt class="hdlist1">
 895 --quiet
 896 </dt>
 897 <dd>
 898 <p>
 899         Make git-send-email less verbose.  One line per email should be
 900         all that is output.
 901 </p>
 902 </dd>
 903 <dt class="hdlist1">
 904 --[no-]validate
 905 </dt>
 906 <dd>
 907 <p>
 908         Perform sanity checks on patches.
 909         Currently, validation means the following:
 910 </p>
 911 <div class="ulist"><ul>
 912 <li>
 913 <p>
 914 Warn of patches that contain lines longer than 998 characters; this
 915                         is due to SMTP limits as described by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt">http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt</a>.
 916 </p>
 917 </li>
 918 </ul></div>
 919 <div class="paragraph"><p>Default is the value of <em>sendemail.validate</em>; if this is not set,
 920 default to <em>--validate</em>.</p></div>
 921 </dd>
 922 <dt class="hdlist1">
 923 --force
 924 </dt>
 925 <dd>
 926 <p>
 927         Send emails even if safety checks would prevent it.
 928 </p>
 929 </dd>
 930 </dl></div>
 931 </div>
 932 <h2 id="_configuration">CONFIGURATION</h2>
 933 <div class="sectionbody">
 934 <div class="dlist"><dl>
 935 <dt class="hdlist1">
 936 sendemail.aliasesfile
 937 </dt>
 938 <dd>
 939 <p>
 940         To avoid typing long email addresses, point this to one or more
 941         email aliases files.  You must also supply <em>sendemail.aliasfiletype</em>.
 942 </p>
 943 </dd>
 944 <dt class="hdlist1">
 945 sendemail.aliasfiletype
 946 </dt>
 947 <dd>
 948 <p>
 949         Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesfile. Must be
 950         one of <em>mutt</em>, <em>mailrc</em>, <em>pine</em>, <em>elm</em>, or <em>gnus</em>.
 951 </p>
 952 </dd>
 953 <dt class="hdlist1">
 954 sendemail.multiedit
 955 </dt>
 956 <dd>
 957 <p>
 958         If true (default), a single editor instance will be spawned to edit
 959         files you have to edit (patches when <em>--annotate</em> is used, and the
 960         summary when <em>--compose</em> is used). If false, files will be edited one
 961         after the other, spawning a new editor each time.
 962 </p>
 963 </dd>
 964 <dt class="hdlist1">
 965 sendemail.confirm
 966 </dt>
 967 <dd>
 968 <p>
 969         Sets the default for whether to confirm before sending. Must be
 970         one of <em>always</em>, <em>never</em>, <em>cc</em>, <em>compose</em>, or <em>auto</em>. See <em>--confirm</em>
 971         in the previous section for the meaning of these values.
 972 </p>
 973 </dd>
 974 </dl></div>
 975 </div>
 976 <h2 id="_example">EXAMPLE</h2>
 977 <div class="sectionbody">
 978 <h3 id="_use_gmail_as_the_smtp_server">Use gmail as the smtp server</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
 979 <div class="paragraph"><p>To use <em>git send-email</em> to send your patches through the GMail SMTP server,
 980 edit ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings:</p></div>
 981 <div class="literalblock">
 982 <div class="content">
 983 <pre><tt>[sendemail]
 984         smtpencryption = tls
 985         smtpserver = smtp.gmail.com
 986         smtpuser = yourname@gmail.com
 987         smtpserverport = 587</tt></pre>
 988 </div></div>
 989 <div class="paragraph"><p>Once your commits are ready to be sent to the mailing list, run the
 990 following commands:</p></div>
 991 <div class="literalblock">
 992 <div class="content">
 993 <pre><tt>$ git format-patch --cover-letter -M origin/master -o outgoing/
 994 $ edit outgoing/0000-*
 995 $ git send-email outgoing/*</tt></pre>
 996 </div></div>
 997 <div class="paragraph"><p>Note: the following perl modules are required
 998       Net::SMTP::SSL, MIME::Base64 and Authen::SASL</p></div>
 999 </div>
1000 <h2 id="_see_also">SEE ALSO</h2>
1001 <div class="sectionbody">
1002 <div class="paragraph"><p><a href="git-format-patch.html">git-format-patch(1)</a>, <a href="git-imap-send.html">git-imap-send(1)</a>, mbox(5)</p></div>
1003 </div>
1004 <h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
1005 <div class="sectionbody">
1006 <div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
1007 </div>
1008 <div id="footer">
1009 <div id="footer-text">
1010 Last updated 2011-05-05 01:29:54 UTC
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