6 git-pack-objects - Create a packed archive of objects
12 'git-pack-objects' [-q] [--no-reuse-delta] [--delta-base-offset] [--non-empty]
13 [--local] [--incremental] [--window=N] [--depth=N] [--all-progress]
14 [--revs [--unpacked | --all]*] [--stdout | base-name] < object-list
19 Reads list of objects from the standard input, and writes a packed
20 archive with specified base-name, or to the standard output.
22 A packed archive is an efficient way to transfer set of objects
23 between two repositories, and also is an archival format which
24 is efficient to access. The packed archive format (.pack) is
25 designed to be unpackable without having anything else, but for
26 random access, accompanied with the pack index file (.idx).
28 Placing both in the pack/ subdirectory of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY (or
29 any of the directories on $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES)
30 enables git to read from such an archive.
32 'git-unpack-objects' command can read the packed archive and
33 expand the objects contained in the pack into "one-file
34 one-object" format; this is typically done by the smart-pull
35 commands when a pack is created on-the-fly for efficient network
36 transport by their peers.
38 In a packed archive, an object is either stored as a compressed
39 whole, or as a difference from some other object. The latter is
46 Write into a pair of files (.pack and .idx), using
47 <base-name> to determine the name of the created file.
48 When this option is used, the two files are written in
49 <base-name>-<SHA1>.{pack,idx} files. <SHA1> is a hash
50 of the sorted object names to make the resulting filename
51 based on the pack content, and written to the standard
52 output of the command.
55 Write the pack contents (what would have been written to
56 .pack file) out to the standard output.
59 Read the revision arguments from the standard input, instead of
60 individual object names. The revision arguments are processed
61 the same way as linkgit:git-rev-list[1] with `--objects` flag
62 uses its `commit` arguments to build the list of objects it
63 outputs. The objects on the resulting list are packed.
66 This implies `--revs`. When processing the list of
67 revision arguments read from the standard input, limit
68 the objects packed to those that are not already packed.
71 This implies `--revs`. In addition to the list of
72 revision arguments read from the standard input, pretend
73 as if all refs under `$GIT_DIR/refs` are specified to be
77 Include unasked-for annotated tags if the object they
78 reference was included in the resulting packfile. This
79 can be useful to send new tags to native git clients.
81 --window=[N], --depth=[N]::
82 These two options affect how the objects contained in
83 the pack are stored using delta compression. The
84 objects are first internally sorted by type, size and
85 optionally names and compared against the other objects
86 within --window to see if using delta compression saves
87 space. --depth limits the maximum delta depth; making
88 it too deep affects the performance on the unpacker
89 side, because delta data needs to be applied that many
90 times to get to the necessary object.
91 The default value for --window is 10 and --depth is 50.
94 This option provides an additional limit on top of `--window`;
95 the window size will dynamically scale down so as to not take
96 up more than N bytes in memory. This is useful in
97 repositories with a mix of large and small objects to not run
98 out of memory with a large window, but still be able to take
99 advantage of the large window for the smaller objects. The
100 size can be suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".
101 `--window-memory=0` makes memory usage unlimited, which is the
104 --max-pack-size=<n>::
105 Maximum size of each output packfile, expressed in MiB.
106 If specified, multiple packfiles may be created.
107 The default is unlimited, unless the config variable
108 `pack.packSizeLimit` is set.
111 This flag causes an object already in a pack ignored
112 even if it appears in the standard input.
115 This flag is similar to `--incremental`; instead of
116 ignoring all packed objects, it only ignores objects
117 that are packed and not in the local object store
118 (i.e. borrowed from an alternate).
121 Only create a packed archive if it would contain at
125 Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
126 by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
127 is specified. This flag forces progress status even if
128 the standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
131 When --stdout is specified then progress report is
132 displayed during the object count and deltification phases
133 but inhibited during the write-out phase. The reason is
134 that in some cases the output stream is directly linked
135 to another command which may wish to display progress
136 status of its own as it processes incoming pack data.
137 This flag is like --progress except that it forces progress
138 report for the write-out phase as well even if --stdout is
142 This flag makes the command not to report its progress
143 on the standard error stream.
146 When creating a packed archive in a repository that
147 has existing packs, the command reuses existing deltas.
148 This sometimes results in a slightly suboptimal pack.
149 This flag tells the command not to reuse existing deltas
150 but compute them from scratch.
153 This flag tells the command not to reuse existing object data at all,
154 including non deltified object, forcing recompression of everything.
155 This implies --no-reuse-delta. Useful only in the obscure case where
156 wholesale enforcement of a different compression level on the
157 packed data is desired.
160 Specifies compression level for newly-compressed data in the
161 generated pack. If not specified, pack compression level is
162 determined first by pack.compression, then by core.compression,
163 and defaults to -1, the zlib default, if neither is set.
164 Add \--no-reuse-object if you want to force a uniform compression
165 level on all data no matter the source.
167 --delta-base-offset::
168 A packed archive can express base object of a delta as
169 either 20-byte object name or as an offset in the
170 stream, but older version of git does not understand the
171 latter. By default, git-pack-objects only uses the
172 former format for better compatibility. This option
173 allows the command to use the latter format for
174 compactness. Depending on the average delta chain
175 length, this option typically shrinks the resulting
176 packfile by 3-5 per-cent.
179 Specifies the number of threads to spawn when searching for best
180 delta matches. This requires that pack-objects be compiled with
181 pthreads otherwise this option is ignored with a warning.
182 This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines.
183 The required amount of memory for the delta search window is
184 however multiplied by the number of threads.
185 Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
186 and set the number of threads accordingly.
188 --index-version=<version>[,<offset>]::
189 This is intended to be used by the test suite only. It allows
190 to force the version for the generated pack index, and to force
191 64-bit index entries on objects located above the given offset.
196 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
200 Documentation by Junio C Hamano
204 linkgit:git-rev-list[1]
205 linkgit:git-repack[1]
206 linkgit:git-prune-packed[1]
210 Part of the linkgit:git[7] suite