6 git - the stupid content tracker
12 'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
13 [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
14 [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
16 [--help] <command> [<args>]
20 Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
21 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
22 and full access to internals.
24 See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see
25 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
26 "man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
27 also want to read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]. See
28 the link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth
31 The '<command>' is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
32 as defined in the configuration file (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
34 Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git
35 documentation can be viewed at
36 `http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`.
42 You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
43 unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
44 branch of the `git.git` repository.
45 Documentation for older releases are available here:
47 * link:v1.7.8.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.8.4]
50 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.4.txt[1.7.8.4],
51 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.3.txt[1.7.8.3],
52 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt[1.7.8.2],
53 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.1.txt[1.7.8.1],
54 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.txt[1.7.8].
56 * link:v1.7.7.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.7.6]
59 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.6.txt[1.7.7.6],
60 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.5.txt[1.7.7.5],
61 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.4.txt[1.7.7.4],
62 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.3.txt[1.7.7.3],
63 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.2.txt[1.7.7.2],
64 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.1.txt[1.7.7.1],
65 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.txt[1.7.7].
67 * link:v1.7.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.6.6]
70 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.6.txt[1.7.6.6],
71 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.5.txt[1.7.6.5],
72 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.4.txt[1.7.6.4],
73 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.3.txt[1.7.6.3],
74 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.2.txt[1.7.6.2],
75 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.1.txt[1.7.6.1],
76 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.txt[1.7.6].
78 * link:v1.7.5.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.5.4]
81 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt[1.7.5.4],
82 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.3.txt[1.7.5.3],
83 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.2.txt[1.7.5.2],
84 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.1.txt[1.7.5.1],
85 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.txt[1.7.5].
87 * link:v1.7.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.4.5]
90 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.5.txt[1.7.4.5],
91 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt[1.7.4.4],
92 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.3.txt[1.7.4.3],
93 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.2.txt[1.7.4.2],
94 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.1.txt[1.7.4.1],
95 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.txt[1.7.4].
97 * link:v1.7.3.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.3.5]
100 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.5.txt[1.7.3.5],
101 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.4.txt[1.7.3.4],
102 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.3.txt[1.7.3.3],
103 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.2.txt[1.7.3.2],
104 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.1.txt[1.7.3.1],
105 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.txt[1.7.3].
107 * link:v1.7.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.2.5]
110 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.5.txt[1.7.2.5],
111 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.4.txt[1.7.2.4],
112 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.3.txt[1.7.2.3],
113 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.2.txt[1.7.2.2],
114 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.1.txt[1.7.2.1],
115 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.txt[1.7.2].
117 * link:v1.7.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.1.4]
120 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.4.txt[1.7.1.4],
121 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.3.txt[1.7.1.3],
122 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.2.txt[1.7.1.2],
123 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.1.txt[1.7.1.1],
124 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.txt[1.7.1].
126 * link:v1.7.0.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.0.9]
129 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.9.txt[1.7.0.9],
130 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.8.txt[1.7.0.8],
131 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.7.txt[1.7.0.7],
132 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.6.txt[1.7.0.6],
133 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.5.txt[1.7.0.5],
134 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.4.txt[1.7.0.4],
135 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.3.txt[1.7.0.3],
136 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.2.txt[1.7.0.2],
137 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.1.txt[1.7.0.1],
138 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.txt[1.7.0].
140 * link:v1.6.6.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.6.3]
143 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.3.txt[1.6.6.3],
144 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.2.txt[1.6.6.2],
145 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.1.txt[1.6.6.1],
146 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.txt[1.6.6].
148 * link:v1.6.5.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.9]
151 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.9.txt[1.6.5.9],
152 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.8.txt[1.6.5.8],
153 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.7.txt[1.6.5.7],
154 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.6.txt[1.6.5.6],
155 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.5.txt[1.6.5.5],
156 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.4.txt[1.6.5.4],
157 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.3.txt[1.6.5.3],
158 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.2.txt[1.6.5.2],
159 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.1.txt[1.6.5.1],
160 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.txt[1.6.5].
162 * link:v1.6.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.5]
165 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.5.txt[1.6.4.5],
166 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.4.txt[1.6.4.4],
167 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.3.txt[1.6.4.3],
168 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.2.txt[1.6.4.2],
169 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.1.txt[1.6.4.1],
170 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.txt[1.6.4].
172 * link:v1.6.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.3.4]
175 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.4.txt[1.6.3.4],
176 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.3.txt[1.6.3.3],
177 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.2.txt[1.6.3.2],
178 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.1.txt[1.6.3.1],
179 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.txt[1.6.3].
182 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.5.txt[1.6.2.5],
183 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.4.txt[1.6.2.4],
184 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.3.txt[1.6.2.3],
185 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.2.txt[1.6.2.2],
186 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.1.txt[1.6.2.1],
187 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.txt[1.6.2].
189 * link:v1.6.1.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.3]
192 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt[1.6.1.3],
193 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.2.txt[1.6.1.2],
194 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.1.txt[1.6.1.1],
195 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.txt[1.6.1].
197 * link:v1.6.0.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.0.6]
200 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.6.txt[1.6.0.6],
201 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.5.txt[1.6.0.5],
202 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.4.txt[1.6.0.4],
203 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.3.txt[1.6.0.3],
204 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt[1.6.0.2],
205 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.1.txt[1.6.0.1],
206 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.txt[1.6.0].
208 * link:v1.5.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.6.6]
211 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.6.txt[1.5.6.6],
212 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.5.txt[1.5.6.5],
213 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.4.txt[1.5.6.4],
214 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.3.txt[1.5.6.3],
215 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.2.txt[1.5.6.2],
216 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.1.txt[1.5.6.1],
217 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.txt[1.5.6].
219 * link:v1.5.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5.6]
222 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.6.txt[1.5.5.6],
223 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.5.txt[1.5.5.5],
224 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.4.txt[1.5.5.4],
225 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.3.txt[1.5.5.3],
226 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.2.txt[1.5.5.2],
227 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1],
228 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.txt[1.5.5].
230 * link:v1.5.4.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.4.7]
233 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.7.txt[1.5.4.7],
234 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.6.txt[1.5.4.6],
235 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5],
236 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4],
237 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3],
238 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2],
239 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1],
240 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.txt[1.5.4].
242 * link:v1.5.3.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3.8]
245 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8],
246 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7],
247 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6],
248 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5],
249 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4],
250 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3],
251 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2],
252 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1],
253 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.txt[1.5.3].
255 * link:v1.5.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.2.5]
258 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5],
259 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4],
260 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3],
261 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2],
262 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1],
263 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.txt[1.5.2].
265 * link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6]
268 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6],
269 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5],
270 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4],
271 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3],
272 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2],
273 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1],
274 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.txt[1.5.1].
276 * link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
279 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7],
280 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6],
281 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5],
282 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3],
283 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2],
284 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1],
285 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.txt[1.5.0].
287 * documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4],
288 link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3],
289 link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6],
290 link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13].
299 Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
302 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
303 commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all
304 available commands are printed. If a git command is named this
305 option will bring up the manual page for that command.
307 Other options are available to control how the manual page is
308 displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information,
309 because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git
313 Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value
314 given will override values from configuration files.
315 The <name> is expected in the same format as listed by
316 'git config' (subkeys separated by dots).
318 --exec-path[=<path>]::
319 Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
320 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
321 environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
322 the current setting and then exit.
325 Print the path, without trailing slash, where git's HTML
326 documentation is installed and exit.
329 Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for
330 this version of git and exit.
333 Print the path where the Info files documenting this
334 version of git are installed and exit.
338 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER) if standard
339 output is a terminal. This overrides the `pager.<cmd>`
340 configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section
344 Do not pipe git output into a pager.
347 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
348 setting the GIT_DIR environment variable. It can be an absolute
349 path or relative path to current working directory.
352 Set the path to the working tree. It can be an absolute path
353 or a path relative to the current working directory.
354 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
355 environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
356 variable (see core.worktree in linkgit:git-config[1] for a
357 more detailed discussion).
360 Set the git namespace. See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
361 details. Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment
365 Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR
366 environment is not set, it is set to the current working
369 --no-replace-objects::
370 Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See
371 linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
374 FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
375 ---------------------
377 See the references above to get started using git. The following is
378 probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
380 The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
381 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
382 introductions to the underlying git architecture.
384 See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
386 See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
389 The internals are documented in the
390 link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation].
395 We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
396 ("plumbing") commands.
398 High-level commands (porcelain)
399 -------------------------------
401 We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
402 ancillary user utilities.
404 Main porcelain commands
405 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
407 include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
413 include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
417 include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
420 Interacting with Others
421 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
423 These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
424 people via patch over e-mail.
426 include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
429 Low-level commands (plumbing)
430 -----------------------------
432 Although git includes its
433 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
434 development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
435 might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
436 linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
438 The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
439 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
440 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
441 primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
442 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
445 The following description divides
446 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
447 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
448 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
452 Manipulation commands
453 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
455 include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
458 Interrogation commands
459 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
461 include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
463 In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
467 Synching repositories
468 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
470 include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
472 The following are helper commands used by the above; end users
473 typically do not use them directly.
475 include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
478 Internal helper commands
479 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
481 These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
482 users typically do not use them directly.
484 include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
487 Configuration Mechanism
488 -----------------------
490 Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
491 is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
492 simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
493 people. Here is an example:
497 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
502 ; Don't trust file modes
507 name = "Junio C Hamano"
508 email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
512 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
513 their operation accordingly. See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
517 Identifier Terminology
518 ----------------------
520 Indicates the object name for any type of object.
523 Indicates a blob object name.
526 Indicates a tree object name.
529 Indicates a commit object name.
532 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A
533 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
534 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
535 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
538 Indicates a commit or tag object name. A
539 command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to
540 operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences
541 <tag> objects that point at a <commit>.
544 Indicates that an object type is required.
545 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
548 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
549 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes.
553 Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
557 indicates the head of the current branch.
561 (i.e. a `refs/tags/<tag>` reference).
565 (i.e. a `refs/heads/<head>` reference).
567 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
568 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
571 File/Directory Structure
572 ------------------------
574 Please see the linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] document.
576 Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about each hook.
578 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
584 Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7].
587 Environment Variables
588 ---------------------
589 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
593 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
594 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
595 git so take care if using Cogito etc.
598 This environment allows the specification of an alternate
599 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
602 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
603 If the object storage directory is specified via this
604 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
605 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
608 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
609 Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
610 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
611 specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
612 of git object directories which can be used to search for git
613 objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
616 If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
617 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
618 for the base of the repository.
621 Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be
622 used in combination with repositories found automatically in
623 a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
624 This can also be controlled by the '--work-tree' command line
625 option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
628 Set the git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
629 The '--namespace' command-line option also sets this value.
631 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES'::
632 This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths.
633 If set, it is a list of directories that git should not chdir
634 up into while looking for a repository directory.
635 It will not exclude the current working directory or
636 a GIT_DIR set on the command line or in the environment.
637 (Useful for excluding slow-loading network directories.)
639 'GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM'::
640 When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
641 directory, git tries to find such a directory in the parent
642 directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
643 does not cross filesystem boundaries. This environment variable
644 can be set to true to tell git not to stop at filesystem
645 boundaries. Like 'GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES', this will not affect
646 an explicit repository directory set via 'GIT_DIR' or on the
654 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
655 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
656 'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE'::
658 see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
663 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
664 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
665 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
666 value passed on the git diff command line.
668 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
669 When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
670 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
671 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
672 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
674 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
678 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
679 contents of <old|new>,
680 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
681 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
683 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
684 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
685 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
686 index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
687 temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
689 For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
694 'GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY'::
695 A number controlling the amount of output shown by
696 the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity.
697 See linkgit:git-merge[1]
700 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
701 to an empty string or to the value "cat", git will not launch
702 a pager. See also the `core.pager` option in
703 linkgit:git-config[1].
706 If this environment variable is set then 'git fetch'
707 and 'git push' will use this command instead
708 of 'ssh' when they need to connect to a remote system.
709 The '$GIT_SSH' command will be given exactly two arguments:
710 the 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the
711 shell command to execute on that remote system.
713 To pass options to the program that you want to list in GIT_SSH
714 you will need to wrap the program and options into a shell script,
715 then set GIT_SSH to refer to the shell script.
717 Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
718 personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation
722 If this environment variable is set, then git commands which need to
723 acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
724 will call this program with a suitable prompt as command line argument
725 and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the 'core.askpass'
726 option in linkgit:git-config[1].
729 If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
730 as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
731 and 'git whatchanged' will force a flush of the output stream
732 after each commit-oriented record have been flushed. If this
733 variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
734 using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is
735 not set, git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
736 based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
739 If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
740 is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
741 stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
742 execution and external command execution.
743 If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
744 and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
745 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
746 trace messages into this file descriptor.
747 Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
748 (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
749 as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
752 Discussion[[Discussion]]
753 ------------------------
755 More detail on the following is available from the
756 link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
757 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].
759 A git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
760 subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other
761 things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
762 of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
763 contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such
764 as tags and branch heads.
766 The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which
767 hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up
768 directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree
769 and some number of parent commits.
771 The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
772 "version", represents a step in the project's history, and each parent
773 represents an immediately preceding step. Commits with more than one
774 parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
776 All objects are named by the SHA1 hash of their contents, normally
777 written as a string of 40 hex digits. Such names are globally unique.
778 The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
779 just that commit. A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
782 When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
783 efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
785 Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history. A ref
786 may contain the SHA1 name of an object or the name of another ref. Refs
787 with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA1 name of the most
788 recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development. SHA1 names of
789 tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`. A special ref named
790 `HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
792 The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each
793 path, a blob object and a set of attributes. The blob object represents
794 the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch. The
795 attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the
796 corresponding file in the working tree. Subsequent changes to the
797 working tree can be found by comparing these attributes. The index may
798 be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the
799 content stored in the index.
801 The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")
802 for a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various
803 unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.
807 Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio
808 C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the git mailing list
809 <git@vger.kernel.org>. For a more complete list of contributors, see
810 http://git-scm.com/about. If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
811 output of linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1] can show you
812 the authors for specific parts of the project.
817 Report bugs to the Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org> where the
818 development and maintenance is primarily done. You do not have to be
819 subscribed to the list to send a message there.
823 linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
824 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
825 linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
826 linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual],
827 linkgit:gitworkflows[7]
831 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite