6 git-checkout - Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree
11 'git checkout' [-q] [-f] [[--track | --no-track] -b <new_branch> [-l]] [-m] [<branch>]
12 'git checkout' [<tree-ish>] [--] <paths>...
17 When <paths> are not given, this command switches branches by
18 updating the index and working tree to reflect the specified
19 branch, <branch>, and updating HEAD to be <branch> or, if
20 specified, <new_branch>. Using -b will cause <new_branch> to
21 be created; in this case you can use the --track or --no-track
22 options, which will be passed to `git branch`.
24 When <paths> are given, this command does *not* switch
25 branches. It updates the named paths in the working tree from
26 the index file (i.e. it runs `git checkout-index -f -u`), or
27 from a named commit. In
28 this case, the `-f` and `-b` options are meaningless and giving
29 either of them results in an error. <tree-ish> argument can be
30 used to specify a specific tree-ish (i.e. commit, tag or tree)
31 to update the index for the given paths before updating the
38 Quiet, suppress feedback messages.
41 Proceed even if the index or the working tree differs
42 from HEAD. This is used to throw away local changes.
45 Create a new branch named <new_branch> and start it at
46 <branch>. The new branch name must pass all checks defined
47 by linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1]. Some of these checks
48 may restrict the characters allowed in a branch name.
52 When creating a new branch, set up configuration so that 'git-pull'
53 will automatically retrieve data from the start point, which must be
54 a branch. Use this if you always pull from the same upstream branch
55 into the new branch, and if you don't want to use "git pull
56 <repository> <refspec>" explicitly. This behavior is the default
57 when the start point is a remote branch. Set the
58 branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable to `false` if you want
59 'git-checkout' and 'git-branch' to always behave as if '--no-track' were
60 given. Set it to `always` if you want this behavior when the
61 start-point is either a local or remote branch.
64 Ignore the branch.autosetupmerge configuration variable.
67 Create the new branch's reflog. This activates recording of
68 all changes made to the branch ref, enabling use of date
69 based sha1 expressions such as "<branchname>@\{yesterday}".
72 If you have local modifications to one or more files that
73 are different between the current branch and the branch to
74 which you are switching, the command refuses to switch
75 branches in order to preserve your modifications in context.
76 However, with this option, a three-way merge between the current
77 branch, your working tree contents, and the new branch
78 is done, and you will be on the new branch.
80 When a merge conflict happens, the index entries for conflicting
81 paths are left unmerged, and you need to resolve the conflicts
82 and mark the resolved paths with `git add` (or `git rm` if the merge
83 should result in deletion of the path).
86 Name for the new branch.
89 Tree to checkout from (when paths are given). If not specified,
90 the index will be used.
93 Branch to checkout (when no paths are given); may be any object
94 ID that resolves to a commit. Defaults to HEAD.
96 When this parameter names a non-branch (but still a valid commit object),
97 your HEAD becomes 'detached'.
103 It is sometimes useful to be able to 'checkout' a commit that is
104 not at the tip of one of your branches. The most obvious
105 example is to check out the commit at a tagged official release
109 $ git checkout v2.6.18
112 Earlier versions of git did not allow this and asked you to
113 create a temporary branch using `-b` option, but starting from
114 version 1.5.0, the above command 'detaches' your HEAD from the
115 current branch and directly point at the commit named by the tag
116 (`v2.6.18` in the above example).
118 You can use usual git commands while in this state. You can use
119 `git reset --hard $othercommit` to further move around, for
120 example. You can make changes and create a new commit on top of
121 a detached HEAD. You can even create a merge by using `git
124 The state you are in while your HEAD is detached is not recorded
125 by any branch (which is natural --- you are not on any branch).
126 What this means is that you can discard your temporary commits
127 and merges by switching back to an existing branch (e.g. `git
128 checkout master`), and a later `git prune` or `git gc` would
129 garbage-collect them. If you did this by mistake, you can ask
130 the reflog for HEAD where you were, e.g.
140 . The following sequence checks out the `master` branch, reverts
141 the `Makefile` to two revisions back, deletes hello.c by
142 mistake, and gets it back from the index.
145 $ git checkout master <1>
146 $ git checkout master~2 Makefile <2>
148 $ git checkout hello.c <3>
152 <2> take a file out of another commit
153 <3> restore hello.c from the index
155 If you have an unfortunate branch that is named `hello.c`, this
156 step would be confused as an instruction to switch to that branch.
157 You should instead write:
160 $ git checkout -- hello.c
163 . After working in a wrong branch, switching to the correct
164 branch would be done using:
167 $ git checkout mytopic
170 However, your "wrong" branch and correct "mytopic" branch may
171 differ in files that you have locally modified, in which case,
172 the above checkout would fail like this:
175 $ git checkout mytopic
176 fatal: Entry 'frotz' not uptodate. Cannot merge.
179 You can give the `-m` flag to the command, which would try a
183 $ git checkout -m mytopic
187 After this three-way merge, the local modifications are _not_
188 registered in your index file, so `git diff` would show you what
189 changes you made since the tip of the new branch.
191 . When a merge conflict happens during switching branches with
192 the `-m` option, you would see something like this:
195 $ git checkout -m mytopic
197 merge: warning: conflicts during merge
198 ERROR: Merge conflict in frotz
199 fatal: merge program failed
202 At this point, `git diff` shows the changes cleanly merged as in
203 the previous example, as well as the changes in the conflicted
204 files. Edit and resolve the conflict and mark it resolved with
215 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
219 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
223 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite