6 git - the stupid content tracker
12 'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [-p|--paginate]
13 [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
17 Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
18 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
19 and full access to internals.
21 See this link:tutorial.html[tutorial] to get started, then see
22 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
23 "man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
24 also want to read link:cvs-migration.html[CVS migration].
25 link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] is still work in
26 progress, but when finished hopefully it will guide a new user
27 in a coherent way to git enlightenment ;-).
29 The COMMAND is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
30 as defined in the configuration file (see gitlink:git-config[1]).
32 Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git
33 documentation can be viewed at
34 `http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`.
39 You are reading the documentation for the latest version of git.
40 Documentation for older releases are available here:
42 * link:RelNotes-1.5.1.txt[release notes for 1.5.1]
44 * link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
46 * link:RelNotes-1.5.0.7.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.7]
48 * link:RelNotes-1.5.0.6.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.6]
50 * link:RelNotes-1.5.0.5.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.5]
52 * link:RelNotes-1.5.0.3.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.3]
54 * link:RelNotes-1.5.0.2.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.2]
56 * link:RelNotes-1.5.0.1.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.1]
58 * link:RelNotes-1.5.0.txt[release notes for 1.5.0]
60 * link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.4.4.4]
62 * link:v1.3.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.3.3]
64 * link:v1.2.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.2.6]
66 * link:v1.0.13/git.html[documentation for release 1.0.13]
75 Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
78 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
79 commands. If a git command is named this option will bring up
80 the man-page for that command. If the option '--all' or '-a' is
81 given then all available commands are printed.
84 Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
85 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
86 environment variable. If no path is given 'git' will print
87 the current setting and then exit.
90 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER).
93 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
94 setting the GIT_DIR environment variable.
97 Same as --git-dir=`pwd`.
100 ---------------------
102 See the references above to get started using git. The following is
103 probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
105 The <<Discussion,Discussion>> section below and the
106 link:core-tutorial.html[Core tutorial] both provide introductions to the
107 underlying git architecture.
109 See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
115 We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
116 ("plumbing") commands.
118 High-level commands (porcelain)
119 -------------------------------
121 We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
122 ancillary user utilities.
124 Main porcelain commands
125 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
127 include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
133 include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
137 include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
140 Interacting with Others
141 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
143 These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
144 people via patch over e-mail.
146 include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
149 Low-level commands (plumbing)
150 -----------------------------
152 Although git includes its
153 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
154 development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
155 might start by reading about gitlink:git-update-index[1] and
156 gitlink:git-read-tree[1].
158 The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
159 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
160 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
161 primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
162 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
165 The following description divides
166 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
167 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
168 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
172 Manipulation commands
173 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
175 include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
178 Interrogation commands
179 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
181 include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
183 In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
187 Synching repositories
188 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
190 include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
192 The following are helper programs used by the above; end users
193 typically do not use them directly.
195 include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
198 Internal helper commands
199 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
201 These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
202 users typically do not use them directly.
204 include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
207 Configuration Mechanism
208 -----------------------
210 Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
211 is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
212 simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
213 people. Here is an example:
217 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
222 ; Don't trust file modes
227 name = "Junio C Hamano"
228 email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
232 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
233 their operation accordingly.
236 Identifier Terminology
237 ----------------------
239 Indicates the object name for any type of object.
242 Indicates a blob object name.
245 Indicates a tree object name.
248 Indicates a commit object name.
251 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A
252 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
253 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
254 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
257 Indicates a commit or tag object name. A
258 command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to
259 operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences
260 <tag> objects that point at a <commit>.
263 Indicates that an object type is required.
264 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
267 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
268 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes.
272 Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
276 indicates the head of the current branch (i.e. the
277 contents of `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`).
281 (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`).
285 (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`).
287 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
288 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in gitlink:git-rev-parse[1].
291 File/Directory Structure
292 ------------------------
294 Please see link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document.
296 Read link:hooks.html[hooks] for more details about each hook.
298 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
304 Please see link:glossary.html[glossary] document.
307 Environment Variables
308 ---------------------
309 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
313 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
314 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
315 git so take care if using Cogito etc.
318 This environment allows the specification of an alternate
319 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
322 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
323 If the object storage directory is specified via this
324 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
325 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
328 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
329 Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
330 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
331 specifies a ":" separated list of git object directories which
332 can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be
333 written to these directories.
336 If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
337 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
338 for the base of the repository.
345 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
346 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
347 'GIT_COMMITTER_DATE'::
348 see gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
353 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
354 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
355 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
356 value passed on the git diff command line.
358 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
359 When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
360 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
361 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
362 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
364 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
368 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
369 contents of <old|new>,
370 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
371 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
374 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
375 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
376 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
377 index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
378 temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
380 For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
386 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`.
389 If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
390 is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
391 stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
392 execution and external command execution.
393 If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
394 and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
395 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
396 trace messages into this file descriptor.
397 Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
398 (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
399 as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
402 Discussion[[Discussion]]
403 ------------------------
404 include::core-intro.txt[]
408 * git's founding father is Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>.
409 * The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>.
410 * The git potty was written by Andres Ericsson <ae@op5.se>.
411 * General upbringing is handled by the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
415 The documentation for git suite was started by David Greaves
416 <david@dgreaves.com>, and later enhanced greatly by the
417 contributors on the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
421 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite