compat/mingw.c

   1 #include "../git-compat-util.h"
   2 #include "win32.h"
   3 #include <conio.h>
   4 #include "../strbuf.h"
   5 #include "../run-command.h"
   6
   7 static const int delay[] = { 0, 1, 10, 20, 40 };
   8
   9 int err_win_to_posix(DWORD winerr)
  10 {
  11         int error = ENOSYS;
  12         switch(winerr) {
  13         case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED: error = EACCES; break;
  14         case ERROR_ACCOUNT_DISABLED: error = EACCES; break;
  15         case ERROR_ACCOUNT_RESTRICTION: error = EACCES; break;
  16         case ERROR_ALREADY_ASSIGNED: error = EBUSY; break;
  17         case ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS: error = EEXIST; break;
  18         case ERROR_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW: error = ERANGE; break;
  19         case ERROR_BAD_COMMAND: error = EIO; break;
  20         case ERROR_BAD_DEVICE: error = ENODEV; break;
  21         case ERROR_BAD_DRIVER_LEVEL: error = ENXIO; break;
  22         case ERROR_BAD_EXE_FORMAT: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  23         case ERROR_BAD_FORMAT: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  24         case ERROR_BAD_LENGTH: error = EINVAL; break;
  25         case ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME: error = ENOENT; break;
  26         case ERROR_BAD_PIPE: error = EPIPE; break;
  27         case ERROR_BAD_UNIT: error = ENODEV; break;
  28         case ERROR_BAD_USERNAME: error = EINVAL; break;
  29         case ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE: error = EPIPE; break;
  30         case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW: error = ENAMETOOLONG; break;
  31         case ERROR_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
  32         case ERROR_BUSY_DRIVE: error = EBUSY; break;
  33         case ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED: error = ENOSYS; break;
  34         case ERROR_CANNOT_MAKE: error = EACCES; break;
  35         case ERROR_CANTOPEN: error = EIO; break;
  36         case ERROR_CANTREAD: error = EIO; break;
  37         case ERROR_CANTWRITE: error = EIO; break;
  38         case ERROR_CRC: error = EIO; break;
  39         case ERROR_CURRENT_DIRECTORY: error = EACCES; break;
  40         case ERROR_DEVICE_IN_USE: error = EBUSY; break;
  41         case ERROR_DEV_NOT_EXIST: error = ENODEV; break;
  42         case ERROR_DIRECTORY: error = EINVAL; break;
  43         case ERROR_DIR_NOT_EMPTY: error = ENOTEMPTY; break;
  44         case ERROR_DISK_CHANGE: error = EIO; break;
  45         case ERROR_DISK_FULL: error = ENOSPC; break;
  46         case ERROR_DRIVE_LOCKED: error = EBUSY; break;
  47         case ERROR_ENVVAR_NOT_FOUND: error = EINVAL; break;
  48         case ERROR_EXE_MARKED_INVALID: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  49         case ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE: error = ENAMETOOLONG; break;
  50         case ERROR_FILE_EXISTS: error = EEXIST; break;
  51         case ERROR_FILE_INVALID: error = ENODEV; break;
  52         case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND: error = ENOENT; break;
  53         case ERROR_GEN_FAILURE: error = EIO; break;
  54         case ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL: error = ENOSPC; break;
  55         case ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER: error = ENOMEM; break;
  56         case ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS: error = EACCES; break;
  57         case ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS: error = EFAULT; break;
  58         case ERROR_INVALID_BLOCK: error = EFAULT; break;
  59         case ERROR_INVALID_DATA: error = EINVAL; break;
  60         case ERROR_INVALID_DRIVE: error = ENODEV; break;
  61         case ERROR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  62         case ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS: error = EINVAL; break;
  63         case ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION: error = ENOSYS; break;
  64         case ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE: error = EBADF; break;
  65         case ERROR_INVALID_LOGON_HOURS: error = EACCES; break;
  66         case ERROR_INVALID_NAME: error = EINVAL; break;
  67         case ERROR_INVALID_OWNER: error = EINVAL; break;
  68         case ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER: error = EINVAL; break;
  69         case ERROR_INVALID_PASSWORD: error = EPERM; break;
  70         case ERROR_INVALID_PRIMARY_GROUP: error = EINVAL; break;
  71         case ERROR_INVALID_SIGNAL_NUMBER: error = EINVAL; break;
  72         case ERROR_INVALID_TARGET_HANDLE: error = EIO; break;
  73         case ERROR_INVALID_WORKSTATION: error = EACCES; break;
  74         case ERROR_IO_DEVICE: error = EIO; break;
  75         case ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE: error = EINTR; break;
  76         case ERROR_LOCKED: error = EBUSY; break;
  77         case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION: error = EACCES; break;
  78         case ERROR_LOGON_FAILURE: error = EACCES; break;
  79         case ERROR_MAPPED_ALIGNMENT: error = EINVAL; break;
  80         case ERROR_META_EXPANSION_TOO_LONG: error = E2BIG; break;
  81         case ERROR_MORE_DATA: error = EPIPE; break;
  82         case ERROR_NEGATIVE_SEEK: error = ESPIPE; break;
  83         case ERROR_NOACCESS: error = EFAULT; break;
  84         case ERROR_NONE_MAPPED: error = EINVAL; break;
  85         case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY: error = ENOMEM; break;
  86         case ERROR_NOT_READY: error = EAGAIN; break;
  87         case ERROR_NOT_SAME_DEVICE: error = EXDEV; break;
  88         case ERROR_NO_DATA: error = EPIPE; break;
  89         case ERROR_NO_MORE_SEARCH_HANDLES: error = EIO; break;
  90         case ERROR_NO_PROC_SLOTS: error = EAGAIN; break;
  91         case ERROR_NO_SUCH_PRIVILEGE: error = EACCES; break;
  92         case ERROR_OPEN_FAILED: error = EIO; break;
  93         case ERROR_OPEN_FILES: error = EBUSY; break;
  94         case ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED: error = EINTR; break;
  95         case ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY: error = ENOMEM; break;
  96         case ERROR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED: error = EACCES; break;
  97         case ERROR_PATH_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
  98         case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND: error = ENOENT; break;
  99         case ERROR_PIPE_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
 100         case ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED: error = EPIPE; break;
 101         case ERROR_PIPE_LISTENING: error = EPIPE; break;
 102         case ERROR_PIPE_NOT_CONNECTED: error = EPIPE; break;
 103         case ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD: error = EACCES; break;
 104         case ERROR_READ_FAULT: error = EIO; break;
 105         case ERROR_SEEK: error = EIO; break;
 106         case ERROR_SEEK_ON_DEVICE: error = ESPIPE; break;
 107         case ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED: error = ENFILE; break;
 108         case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION: error = EACCES; break;
 109         case ERROR_STACK_OVERFLOW: error = ENOMEM; break;
 110         case ERROR_SWAPERROR: error = ENOENT; break;
 111         case ERROR_TOO_MANY_MODULES: error = EMFILE; break;
 112         case ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES: error = EMFILE; break;
 113         case ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_MEDIA: error = ENXIO; break;
 114         case ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_VOLUME: error = ENODEV; break;
 115         case ERROR_WAIT_NO_CHILDREN: error = ECHILD; break;
 116         case ERROR_WRITE_FAULT: error = EIO; break;
 117         case ERROR_WRITE_PROTECT: error = EROFS; break;
 118         }
 119         return error;
 120 }
 121
 122 static inline int is_file_in_use_error(DWORD errcode)
 123 {
 124         switch (errcode) {
 125         case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION:
 126         case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
 127                 return 1;
 128         }
 129
 130         return 0;
 131 }
 132
 133 static int read_yes_no_answer(void)
 134 {
 135         char answer[1024];
 136
 137         if (fgets(answer, sizeof(answer), stdin)) {
 138                 size_t answer_len = strlen(answer);
 139                 int got_full_line = 0, c;
 140
 141                 /* remove the newline */
 142                 if (answer_len >= 2 && answer[answer_len-2] == '\r') {
 143                         answer[answer_len-2] = '\0';
 144                         got_full_line = 1;
 145                 } else if (answer_len >= 1 && answer[answer_len-1] == '\n') {
 146                         answer[answer_len-1] = '\0';
 147                         got_full_line = 1;
 148                 }
 149                 /* flush the buffer in case we did not get the full line */
 150                 if (!got_full_line)
 151                         while ((c = getchar()) != EOF && c != '\n')
 152                                 ;
 153         } else
 154                 /* we could not read, return the
 155                  * default answer which is no */
 156                 return 0;
 157
 158         if (tolower(answer[0]) == 'y' && !answer[1])
 159                 return 1;
 160         if (!strncasecmp(answer, "yes", sizeof(answer)))
 161                 return 1;
 162         if (tolower(answer[0]) == 'n' && !answer[1])
 163                 return 0;
 164         if (!strncasecmp(answer, "no", sizeof(answer)))
 165                 return 0;
 166
 167         /* did not find an answer we understand */
 168         return -1;
 169 }
 170
 171 static int ask_yes_no_if_possible(const char *format, ...)
 172 {
 173         char question[4096];
 174         const char *retry_hook[] = { NULL, NULL, NULL };
 175         va_list args;
 176
 177         va_start(args, format);
 178         vsnprintf(question, sizeof(question), format, args);
 179         va_end(args);
 180
 181         if ((retry_hook[0] = mingw_getenv("GIT_ASK_YESNO"))) {
 182                 retry_hook[1] = question;
 183                 return !run_command_v_opt(retry_hook, 0);
 184         }
 185
 186         if (!isatty(_fileno(stdin)) || !isatty(_fileno(stderr)))
 187                 return 0;
 188
 189         while (1) {
 190                 int answer;
 191                 fprintf(stderr, "%s (y/n) ", question);
 192
 193                 if ((answer = read_yes_no_answer()) >= 0)
 194                         return answer;
 195
 196                 fprintf(stderr, "Sorry, I did not understand your answer. "
 197                                 "Please type 'y' or 'n'\n");
 198         }
 199 }
 200
 201 #undef unlink
 202 int mingw_unlink(const char *pathname)
 203 {
 204         int ret, tries = 0;
 205
 206         /* read-only files cannot be removed */
 207         chmod(pathname, 0666);
 208         while ((ret = unlink(pathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
 209                 if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
 210                         break;
 211                 /*
 212                  * We assume that some other process had the source or
 213                  * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
 214                  * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
 215                  * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
 216                  * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
 217                  */
 218                 Sleep(delay[tries]);
 219                 tries++;
 220         }
 221         while (ret == -1 && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
 222                ask_yes_no_if_possible("Unlink of file '%s' failed. "
 223                         "Should I try again?", pathname))
 224                ret = unlink(pathname);
 225         return ret;
 226 }
 227
 228 static int is_dir_empty(const char *path)
 229 {
 230         struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
 231         WIN32_FIND_DATAA findbuf;
 232         HANDLE handle;
 233
 234         strbuf_addf(&buf, "%s\\*", path);
 235         handle = FindFirstFileA(buf.buf, &findbuf);
 236         if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 237                 strbuf_release(&buf);
 238                 return GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
 239         }
 240
 241         while (!strcmp(findbuf.cFileName, ".") ||
 242                         !strcmp(findbuf.cFileName, ".."))
 243                 if (!FindNextFile(handle, &findbuf)) {
 244                         strbuf_release(&buf);
 245                         return GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
 246                 }
 247         FindClose(handle);
 248         strbuf_release(&buf);
 249         return 0;
 250 }
 251
 252 #undef rmdir
 253 int mingw_rmdir(const char *pathname)
 254 {
 255         int ret, tries = 0;
 256
 257         while ((ret = rmdir(pathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
 258                 if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
 259                         break;
 260                 if (!is_dir_empty(pathname)) {
 261                         errno = ENOTEMPTY;
 262                         break;
 263                 }
 264                 /*
 265                  * We assume that some other process had the source or
 266                  * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
 267                  * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
 268                  * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
 269                  * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
 270                  */
 271                 Sleep(delay[tries]);
 272                 tries++;
 273         }
 274         while (ret == -1 && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
 275                ask_yes_no_if_possible("Deletion of directory '%s' failed. "
 276                         "Should I try again?", pathname))
 277                ret = rmdir(pathname);
 278         return ret;
 279 }
 280
 281 #undef open
 282 int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...)
 283 {
 284         va_list args;
 285         unsigned mode;
 286         int fd;
 287
 288         va_start(args, oflags);
 289         mode = va_arg(args, int);
 290         va_end(args);
 291
 292         if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 293                 filename = "nul";
 294
 295         fd = open(filename, oflags, mode);
 296
 297         if (fd < 0 && (oflags & O_CREAT) && errno == EACCES) {
 298                 DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributes(filename);
 299                 if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
 300                         errno = EISDIR;
 301         }
 302         return fd;
 303 }
 304
 305 #undef write
 306 ssize_t mingw_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
 307 {
 308         /*
 309          * While write() calls to a file on a local disk are translated
 310          * into WriteFile() calls with a maximum size of 64KB on Windows
 311          * XP and 256KB on Vista, no such cap is placed on writes to
 312          * files over the network on Windows XP.  Unfortunately, there
 313          * seems to be a limit of 32MB-28KB on X64 and 64MB-32KB on x86;
 314          * bigger writes fail on Windows XP.
 315          * So we cap to a nice 31MB here to avoid write failures over
 316          * the net without changing the number of WriteFile() calls in
 317          * the local case.
 318          */
 319         return write(fd, buf, min(count, 31 * 1024 * 1024));
 320 }
 321
 322 #undef fopen
 323 FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype)
 324 {
 325         if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 326                 filename = "nul";
 327         return fopen(filename, otype);
 328 }
 329
 330 #undef freopen
 331 FILE *mingw_freopen (const char *filename, const char *otype, FILE *stream)
 332 {
 333         if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 334                 filename = "nul";
 335         return freopen(filename, otype, stream);
 336 }
 337
 338 /*
 339  * The unit of FILETIME is 100-nanoseconds since January 1, 1601, UTC.
 340  * Returns the 100-nanoseconds ("hekto nanoseconds") since the epoch.
 341  */
 342 static inline long long filetime_to_hnsec(const FILETIME *ft)
 343 {
 344         long long winTime = ((long long)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) + ft->dwLowDateTime;
 345         /* Windows to Unix Epoch conversion */
 346         return winTime - 116444736000000000LL;
 347 }
 348
 349 static inline time_t filetime_to_time_t(const FILETIME *ft)
 350 {
 351         return (time_t)(filetime_to_hnsec(ft) / 10000000);
 352 }
 353
 354 /* We keep the do_lstat code in a separate function to avoid recursion.
 355  * When a path ends with a slash, the stat will fail with ENOENT. In
 356  * this case, we strip the trailing slashes and stat again.
 357  *
 358  * If follow is true then act like stat() and report on the link
 359  * target. Otherwise report on the link itself.
 360  */
 361 static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 362 {
 363         int err;
 364         WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
 365
 366         if (!(err = get_file_attr(file_name, &fdata))) {
 367                 buf->st_ino = 0;
 368                 buf->st_gid = 0;
 369                 buf->st_uid = 0;
 370                 buf->st_nlink = 1;
 371                 buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
 372                 buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
 373                         (((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
 374                 buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
 375                 buf->st_atime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
 376                 buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
 377                 buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
 378                 if (fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
 379                         WIN32_FIND_DATAA findbuf;
 380                         HANDLE handle = FindFirstFileA(file_name, &findbuf);
 381                         if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 382                                 if ((findbuf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) &&
 383                                                 (findbuf.dwReserved0 == IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK)) {
 384                                         if (follow) {
 385                                                 char buffer[MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE];
 386                                                 buf->st_size = readlink(file_name, buffer, MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE);
 387                                         } else {
 388                                                 buf->st_mode = S_IFLNK;
 389                                         }
 390                                         buf->st_mode |= S_IREAD;
 391                                         if (!(findbuf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY))
 392                                                 buf->st_mode |= S_IWRITE;
 393                                 }
 394                                 FindClose(handle);
 395                         }
 396                 }
 397                 return 0;
 398         }
 399         errno = err;
 400         return -1;
 401 }
 402
 403 /* We provide our own lstat/fstat functions, since the provided
 404  * lstat/fstat functions are so slow. These stat functions are
 405  * tailored for Git's usage (read: fast), and are not meant to be
 406  * complete. Note that Git stat()s are redirected to mingw_lstat()
 407  * too, since Windows doesn't really handle symlinks that well.
 408  */
 409 static int do_stat_internal(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 410 {
 411         int namelen;
 412         static char alt_name[PATH_MAX];
 413
 414         if (!do_lstat(follow, file_name, buf))
 415                 return 0;
 416
 417         /* if file_name ended in a '/', Windows returned ENOENT;
 418          * try again without trailing slashes
 419          */
 420         if (errno != ENOENT)
 421                 return -1;
 422
 423         namelen = strlen(file_name);
 424         if (namelen && file_name[namelen-1] != '/')
 425                 return -1;
 426         while (namelen && file_name[namelen-1] == '/')
 427                 --namelen;
 428         if (!namelen || namelen >= PATH_MAX)
 429                 return -1;
 430
 431         memcpy(alt_name, file_name, namelen);
 432         alt_name[namelen] = 0;
 433         return do_lstat(follow, alt_name, buf);
 434 }
 435
 436 int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 437 {
 438         return do_stat_internal(0, file_name, buf);
 439 }
 440 int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 441 {
 442         return do_stat_internal(1, file_name, buf);
 443 }
 444
 445 #undef fstat
 446 int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf)
 447 {
 448         HANDLE fh = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
 449         BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fdata;
 450
 451         if (fh == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 452                 errno = EBADF;
 453                 return -1;
 454         }
 455         /* direct non-file handles to MS's fstat() */
 456         if (GetFileType(fh) != FILE_TYPE_DISK)
 457                 return _fstati64(fd, buf);
 458
 459         if (GetFileInformationByHandle(fh, &fdata)) {
 460                 buf->st_ino = 0;
 461                 buf->st_gid = 0;
 462                 buf->st_uid = 0;
 463                 buf->st_nlink = 1;
 464                 buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
 465                 buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
 466                         (((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
 467                 buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
 468                 buf->st_atime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
 469                 buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
 470                 buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
 471                 return 0;
 472         }
 473         errno = EBADF;
 474         return -1;
 475 }
 476
 477 static inline void time_t_to_filetime(time_t t, FILETIME *ft)
 478 {
 479         long long winTime = t * 10000000LL + 116444736000000000LL;
 480         ft->dwLowDateTime = winTime;
 481         ft->dwHighDateTime = winTime >> 32;
 482 }
 483
 484 int mingw_utime (const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times)
 485 {
 486         FILETIME mft, aft;
 487         int fh, rc;
 488
 489         /* must have write permission */
 490         DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributes(file_name);
 491         if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
 492             (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
 493                 /* ignore errors here; open() will report them */
 494                 SetFileAttributes(file_name, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY);
 495         }
 496
 497         if ((fh = open(file_name, O_RDWR | O_BINARY)) < 0) {
 498                 rc = -1;
 499                 goto revert_attrs;
 500         }
 501
 502         if (times) {
 503                 time_t_to_filetime(times->modtime, &mft);
 504                 time_t_to_filetime(times->actime, &aft);
 505         } else {
 506                 GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&mft);
 507                 aft = mft;
 508         }
 509         if (!SetFileTime((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fh), NULL, &aft, &mft)) {
 510                 errno = EINVAL;
 511                 rc = -1;
 512         } else
 513                 rc = 0;
 514         close(fh);
 515
 516 revert_attrs:
 517         if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
 518             (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
 519                 /* ignore errors again */
 520                 SetFileAttributes(file_name, attrs);
 521         }
 522         return rc;
 523 }
 524
 525 unsigned int sleep (unsigned int seconds)
 526 {
 527         Sleep(seconds*1000);
 528         return 0;
 529 }
 530
 531 int mkstemp(char *template)
 532 {
 533         char *filename = mktemp(template);
 534         if (filename == NULL)
 535                 return -1;
 536         return open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600);
 537 }
 538
 539 int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, void *tz)
 540 {
 541         FILETIME ft;
 542         long long hnsec;
 543
 544         GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);
 545         hnsec = filetime_to_hnsec(&ft);
 546         tv->tv_sec = hnsec / 10000000;
 547         tv->tv_usec = (hnsec % 10000000) / 10;
 548         return 0;
 549 }
 550
 551 int pipe(int filedes[2])
 552 {
 553         HANDLE h[2];
 554
 555         /* this creates non-inheritable handles */
 556         if (!CreatePipe(&h[0], &h[1], NULL, 8192)) {
 557                 errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 558                 return -1;
 559         }
 560         filedes[0] = _open_osfhandle((int)h[0], O_NOINHERIT);
 561         if (filedes[0] < 0) {
 562                 CloseHandle(h[0]);
 563                 CloseHandle(h[1]);
 564                 return -1;
 565         }
 566         filedes[1] = _open_osfhandle((int)h[1], O_NOINHERIT);
 567         if (filedes[0] < 0) {
 568                 close(filedes[0]);
 569                 CloseHandle(h[1]);
 570                 return -1;
 571         }
 572         return 0;
 573 }
 574
 575 struct tm *gmtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
 576 {
 577         /* gmtime() in MSVCRT.DLL is thread-safe, but not reentrant */
 578         memcpy(result, gmtime(timep), sizeof(struct tm));
 579         return result;
 580 }
 581
 582 struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
 583 {
 584         /* localtime() in MSVCRT.DLL is thread-safe, but not reentrant */
 585         memcpy(result, localtime(timep), sizeof(struct tm));
 586         return result;
 587 }
 588
 589 #undef getcwd
 590 char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len)
 591 {
 592         int i;
 593         char *ret = getcwd(pointer, len);
 594         if (!ret)
 595                 return ret;
 596         for (i = 0; pointer[i]; i++)
 597                 if (pointer[i] == '\\')
 598                         pointer[i] = '/';
 599         return ret;
 600 }
 601
 602 /*
 603  * See http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/17w5ykft(vs.71).aspx
 604  * (Parsing C++ Command-Line Arguments)
 605  */
 606 static const char *quote_arg(const char *arg)
 607 {
 608         /* count chars to quote */
 609         int len = 0, n = 0;
 610         int force_quotes = 0;
 611         char *q, *d;
 612         const char *p = arg;
 613         if (!*p) force_quotes = 1;
 614         while (*p) {
 615                 if (isspace(*p) || *p == '*' || *p == '?' || *p == '{' || *p == '\'')
 616                         force_quotes = 1;
 617                 else if (*p == '"')
 618                         n++;
 619                 else if (*p == '\\') {
 620                         int count = 0;
 621                         while (*p == '\\') {
 622                                 count++;
 623                                 p++;
 624                                 len++;
 625                         }
 626                         if (*p == '"')
 627                                 n += count*2 + 1;
 628                         continue;
 629                 }
 630                 len++;
 631                 p++;
 632         }
 633         if (!force_quotes && n == 0)
 634                 return arg;
 635
 636         /* insert \ where necessary */
 637         d = q = xmalloc(len+n+3);
 638         *d++ = '"';
 639         while (*arg) {
 640                 if (*arg == '"')
 641                         *d++ = '\\';
 642                 else if (*arg == '\\') {
 643                         int count = 0;
 644                         while (*arg == '\\') {
 645                                 count++;
 646                                 *d++ = *arg++;
 647                         }
 648                         if (*arg == '"') {
 649                                 while (count-- > 0)
 650                                         *d++ = '\\';
 651                                 *d++ = '\\';
 652                         }
 653                 }
 654                 *d++ = *arg++;
 655         }
 656         *d++ = '"';
 657         *d++ = 0;
 658         return q;
 659 }
 660
 661 static const char *parse_interpreter(const char *cmd)
 662 {
 663         static char buf[100];
 664         char *p, *opt;
 665         int n, fd;
 666
 667         /* don't even try a .exe */
 668         n = strlen(cmd);
 669         if (n >= 4 && !strcasecmp(cmd+n-4, ".exe"))
 670                 return NULL;
 671
 672         fd = open(cmd, O_RDONLY);
 673         if (fd < 0)
 674                 return NULL;
 675         n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
 676         close(fd);
 677         if (n < 4)      /* at least '#!/x' and not error */
 678                 return NULL;
 679
 680         if (buf[0] != '#' || buf[1] != '!')
 681                 return NULL;
 682         buf[n] = '\0';
 683         p = buf + strcspn(buf, "\r\n");
 684         if (!*p)
 685                 return NULL;
 686
 687         *p = '\0';
 688         if (!(p = strrchr(buf+2, '/')) && !(p = strrchr(buf+2, '\\')))
 689                 return NULL;
 690         /* strip options */
 691         if ((opt = strchr(p+1, ' ')))
 692                 *opt = '\0';
 693         return p+1;
 694 }
 695
 696 /*
 697  * Splits the PATH into parts.
 698  */
 699 static char **get_path_split(void)
 700 {
 701         char *p, **path, *envpath = mingw_getenv("PATH");
 702         int i, n = 0;
 703
 704         if (!envpath || !*envpath)
 705                 return NULL;
 706
 707         envpath = xstrdup(envpath);
 708         p = envpath;
 709         while (p) {
 710                 char *dir = p;
 711                 p = strchr(p, ';');
 712                 if (p) *p++ = '\0';
 713                 if (*dir) {     /* not earlier, catches series of ; */
 714                         ++n;
 715                 }
 716         }
 717         if (!n)
 718                 return NULL;
 719
 720         path = xmalloc((n+1)*sizeof(char *));
 721         p = envpath;
 722         i = 0;
 723         do {
 724                 if (*p)
 725                         path[i++] = xstrdup(p);
 726                 p = p+strlen(p)+1;
 727         } while (i < n);
 728         path[i] = NULL;
 729
 730         free(envpath);
 731
 732         return path;
 733 }
 734
 735 static void free_path_split(char **path)
 736 {
 737         char **p = path;
 738
 739         if (!path)
 740                 return;
 741
 742         while (*p)
 743                 free(*p++);
 744         free(path);
 745 }
 746
 747 /*
 748  * exe_only means that we only want to detect .exe files, but not scripts
 749  * (which do not have an extension)
 750  */
 751 static char *lookup_prog(const char *dir, const char *cmd, int isexe, int exe_only)
 752 {
 753         char path[MAX_PATH];
 754         snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s.exe", dir, cmd);
 755
 756         if (!isexe && access(path, F_OK) == 0)
 757                 return xstrdup(path);
 758         path[strlen(path)-4] = '\0';
 759         if ((!exe_only || isexe) && access(path, F_OK) == 0)
 760                 if (!(GetFileAttributes(path) & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
 761                         return xstrdup(path);
 762         return NULL;
 763 }
 764
 765 /*
 766  * Determines the absolute path of cmd using the split path in path.
 767  * If cmd contains a slash or backslash, no lookup is performed.
 768  */
 769 static char *path_lookup(const char *cmd, char **path, int exe_only)
 770 {
 771         char *prog = NULL;
 772         int len = strlen(cmd);
 773         int isexe = len >= 4 && !strcasecmp(cmd+len-4, ".exe");
 774
 775         if (strchr(cmd, '/') || strchr(cmd, '\\'))
 776                 prog = xstrdup(cmd);
 777
 778         while (!prog && *path)
 779                 prog = lookup_prog(*path++, cmd, isexe, exe_only);
 780
 781         return prog;
 782 }
 783
 784 static int env_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
 785 {
 786         char *const *ea = a;
 787         char *const *eb = b;
 788         return strcasecmp(*ea, *eb);
 789 }
 790
 791 struct pinfo_t {
 792         struct pinfo_t *next;
 793         pid_t pid;
 794         HANDLE proc;
 795 } pinfo_t;
 796 struct pinfo_t *pinfo = NULL;
 797 CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs;
 798
 799 static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 800                               const char *dir,
 801                               int prepend_cmd, int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
 802 {
 803         STARTUPINFO si;
 804         PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
 805         struct strbuf envblk, args;
 806         unsigned flags;
 807         BOOL ret;
 808
 809         /* Determine whether or not we are associated to a console */
 810         HANDLE cons = CreateFile("CONOUT$", GENERIC_WRITE,
 811                         FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
 812                         FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
 813         if (cons == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 814                 /* There is no console associated with this process.
 815                  * Since the child is a console process, Windows
 816                  * would normally create a console window. But
 817                  * since we'll be redirecting std streams, we do
 818                  * not need the console.
 819                  * It is necessary to use DETACHED_PROCESS
 820                  * instead of CREATE_NO_WINDOW to make ssh
 821                  * recognize that it has no console.
 822                  */
 823                 flags = DETACHED_PROCESS;
 824         } else {
 825                 /* There is already a console. If we specified
 826                  * DETACHED_PROCESS here, too, Windows would
 827                  * disassociate the child from the console.
 828                  * The same is true for CREATE_NO_WINDOW.
 829                  * Go figure!
 830                  */
 831                 flags = 0;
 832                 CloseHandle(cons);
 833         }
 834         memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
 835         si.cb = sizeof(si);
 836         si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
 837         si.hStdInput = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fhin);
 838         si.hStdOutput = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fhout);
 839         si.hStdError = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fherr);
 840
 841         /* concatenate argv, quoting args as we go */
 842         strbuf_init(&args, 0);
 843         if (prepend_cmd) {
 844                 char *quoted = (char *)quote_arg(cmd);
 845                 strbuf_addstr(&args, quoted);
 846                 if (quoted != cmd)
 847                         free(quoted);
 848         }
 849         for (; *argv; argv++) {
 850                 char *quoted = (char *)quote_arg(*argv);
 851                 if (*args.buf)
 852                         strbuf_addch(&args, ' ');
 853                 strbuf_addstr(&args, quoted);
 854                 if (quoted != *argv)
 855                         free(quoted);
 856         }
 857
 858         if (env) {
 859                 int count = 0;
 860                 char **e, **sorted_env;
 861
 862                 for (e = env; *e; e++)
 863                         count++;
 864
 865                 /* environment must be sorted */
 866                 sorted_env = xmalloc(sizeof(*sorted_env) * (count + 1));
 867                 memcpy(sorted_env, env, sizeof(*sorted_env) * (count + 1));
 868                 qsort(sorted_env, count, sizeof(*sorted_env), env_compare);
 869
 870                 strbuf_init(&envblk, 0);
 871                 for (e = sorted_env; *e; e++) {
 872                         strbuf_addstr(&envblk, *e);
 873                         strbuf_addch(&envblk, '\0');
 874                 }
 875                 free(sorted_env);
 876         }
 877
 878         memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
 879         ret = CreateProcess(cmd, args.buf, NULL, NULL, TRUE, flags,
 880                 env ? envblk.buf : NULL, dir, &si, &pi);
 881
 882         if (env)
 883                 strbuf_release(&envblk);
 884         strbuf_release(&args);
 885
 886         if (!ret) {
 887                 errno = ENOENT;
 888                 return -1;
 889         }
 890         CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
 891
 892         /*
 893          * The process ID is the human-readable identifier of the process
 894          * that we want to present in log and error messages. The handle
 895          * is not useful for this purpose. But we cannot close it, either,
 896          * because it is not possible to turn a process ID into a process
 897          * handle after the process terminated.
 898          * Keep the handle in a list for waitpid.
 899          */
 900         EnterCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
 901         {
 902                 struct pinfo_t *info = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pinfo_t));
 903                 info->pid = pi.dwProcessId;
 904                 info->proc = pi.hProcess;
 905                 info->next = pinfo;
 906                 pinfo = info;
 907         }
 908         LeaveCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
 909
 910         return (pid_t)pi.dwProcessId;
 911 }
 912
 913 static pid_t mingw_spawnve(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 914                            int prepend_cmd)
 915 {
 916         return mingw_spawnve_fd(cmd, argv, env, NULL, prepend_cmd, 0, 1, 2);
 917 }
 918
 919 pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **env,
 920                      const char *dir,
 921                      int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
 922 {
 923         pid_t pid;
 924         char **path = get_path_split();
 925         char *prog = path_lookup(cmd, path, 0);
 926
 927         if (!prog) {
 928                 errno = ENOENT;
 929                 pid = -1;
 930         }
 931         else {
 932                 const char *interpr = parse_interpreter(prog);
 933
 934                 if (interpr) {
 935                         const char *argv0 = argv[0];
 936                         char *iprog = path_lookup(interpr, path, 1);
 937                         argv[0] = prog;
 938                         if (!iprog) {
 939                                 errno = ENOENT;
 940                                 pid = -1;
 941                         }
 942                         else {
 943                                 pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(iprog, argv, env, dir, 1,
 944                                                        fhin, fhout, fherr);
 945                                 free(iprog);
 946                         }
 947                         argv[0] = argv0;
 948                 }
 949                 else
 950                         pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(prog, argv, env, dir, 0,
 951                                                fhin, fhout, fherr);
 952                 free(prog);
 953         }
 954         free_path_split(path);
 955         return pid;
 956 }
 957
 958 static int try_shell_exec(const char *cmd, char *const *argv, char **env)
 959 {
 960         const char *interpr = parse_interpreter(cmd);
 961         char **path;
 962         char *prog;
 963         int pid = 0;
 964
 965         if (!interpr)
 966                 return 0;
 967         path = get_path_split();
 968         prog = path_lookup(interpr, path, 1);
 969         if (prog) {
 970                 int argc = 0;
 971                 const char **argv2;
 972                 while (argv[argc]) argc++;
 973                 argv2 = xmalloc(sizeof(*argv) * (argc+1));
 974                 argv2[0] = (char *)cmd; /* full path to the script file */
 975                 memcpy(&argv2[1], &argv[1], sizeof(*argv) * argc);
 976                 pid = mingw_spawnve(prog, argv2, env, 1);
 977                 if (pid >= 0) {
 978                         int status;
 979                         if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
 980                                 status = 255;
 981                         exit(status);
 982                 }
 983                 pid = 1;        /* indicate that we tried but failed */
 984                 free(prog);
 985                 free(argv2);
 986         }
 987         free_path_split(path);
 988         return pid;
 989 }
 990
 991 static void mingw_execve(const char *cmd, char *const *argv, char *const *env)
 992 {
 993         /* check if git_command is a shell script */
 994         if (!try_shell_exec(cmd, argv, (char **)env)) {
 995                 int pid, status;
 996
 997                 pid = mingw_spawnve(cmd, (const char **)argv, (char **)env, 0);
 998                 if (pid < 0)
 999                         return;
1000                 if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
1001                         status = 255;
1002                 exit(status);
1003         }
1004 }
1005
1006 int mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
1007 {
1008         char **path = get_path_split();
1009         char *prog = path_lookup(cmd, path, 0);
1010
1011         if (prog) {
1012                 mingw_execve(prog, argv, environ);
1013                 free(prog);
1014         } else
1015                 errno = ENOENT;
1016
1017         free_path_split(path);
1018         return -1;
1019 }
1020
1021 int mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
1022 {
1023         mingw_execve(cmd, argv, environ);
1024         return -1;
1025 }
1026
1027 int mingw_kill(pid_t pid, int sig)
1028 {
1029         if (pid > 0 && sig == SIGTERM) {
1030                 HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_TERMINATE, FALSE, pid);
1031
1032                 if (TerminateProcess(h, -1)) {
1033                         CloseHandle(h);
1034                         return 0;
1035                 }
1036
1037                 errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
1038                 CloseHandle(h);
1039                 return -1;
1040         }
1041
1042         errno = EINVAL;
1043         return -1;
1044 }
1045
1046 static char **copy_environ(void)
1047 {
1048         char **env;
1049         int i = 0;
1050         while (environ[i])
1051                 i++;
1052         env = xmalloc((i+1)*sizeof(*env));
1053         for (i = 0; environ[i]; i++)
1054                 env[i] = xstrdup(environ[i]);
1055         env[i] = NULL;
1056         return env;
1057 }
1058
1059 void free_environ(char **env)
1060 {
1061         int i;
1062         for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
1063                 free(env[i]);
1064         free(env);
1065 }
1066
1067 static int lookup_env(char **env, const char *name, size_t nmln)
1068 {
1069         int i;
1070
1071         for (i = 0; env[i]; i++) {
1072                 if (0 == strncmp(env[i], name, nmln)
1073                     && '=' == env[i][nmln])
1074                         /* matches */
1075                         return i;
1076         }
1077         return -1;
1078 }
1079
1080 /*
1081  * If name contains '=', then sets the variable, otherwise it unsets it
1082  */
1083 static char **env_setenv(char **env, const char *name)
1084 {
1085         char *eq = strchrnul(name, '=');
1086         int i = lookup_env(env, name, eq-name);
1087
1088         if (i < 0) {
1089                 if (*eq) {
1090                         for (i = 0; env[i]; i++)
1091                                 ;
1092                         env = xrealloc(env, (i+2)*sizeof(*env));
1093                         env[i] = xstrdup(name);
1094                         env[i+1] = NULL;
1095                 }
1096         }
1097         else {
1098                 free(env[i]);
1099                 if (*eq)
1100                         env[i] = xstrdup(name);
1101                 else
1102                         for (; env[i]; i++)
1103                                 env[i] = env[i+1];
1104         }
1105         return env;
1106 }
1107
1108 /*
1109  * Copies global environ and adjusts variables as specified by vars.
1110  */
1111 char **make_augmented_environ(const char *const *vars)
1112 {
1113         char **env = copy_environ();
1114
1115         while (*vars)
1116                 env = env_setenv(env, *vars++);
1117         return env;
1118 }
1119
1120 #undef getenv
1121
1122 /*
1123  * The system's getenv looks up the name in a case-insensitive manner.
1124  * This version tries a case-sensitive lookup and falls back to
1125  * case-insensitive if nothing was found.  This is necessary because,
1126  * as a prominent example, CMD sets 'Path', but not 'PATH'.
1127  * Warning: not thread-safe.
1128  */
1129 static char *getenv_cs(const char *name)
1130 {
1131         size_t len = strlen(name);
1132         int i = lookup_env(environ, name, len);
1133         if (i >= 0)
1134                 return environ[i] + len + 1;    /* skip past name and '=' */
1135         return getenv(name);
1136 }
1137
1138 char *mingw_getenv(const char *name)
1139 {
1140         char *result = getenv_cs(name);
1141         if (!result && !strcmp(name, "TMPDIR")) {
1142                 /* on Windows it is TMP and TEMP */
1143                 result = getenv_cs("TMP");
1144                 if (!result)
1145                         result = getenv_cs("TEMP");
1146         }
1147         return result;
1148 }
1149
1150 /*
1151  * Note, this isn't a complete replacement for getaddrinfo. It assumes
1152  * that service contains a numerical port, or that it is null. It
1153  * does a simple search using gethostbyname, and returns one IPv4 host
1154  * if one was found.
1155  */
1156 static int WSAAPI getaddrinfo_stub(const char *node, const char *service,
1157                                    const struct addrinfo *hints,
1158                                    struct addrinfo **res)
1159 {
1160         struct hostent *h = NULL;
1161         struct addrinfo *ai;
1162         struct sockaddr_in *sin;
1163
1164         if (node) {
1165                 h = gethostbyname(node);
1166                 if (!h)
1167                         return WSAGetLastError();
1168         }
1169
1170         ai = xmalloc(sizeof(struct addrinfo));
1171         *res = ai;
1172         ai->ai_flags = 0;
1173         ai->ai_family = AF_INET;
1174         ai->ai_socktype = hints ? hints->ai_socktype : 0;
1175         switch (ai->ai_socktype) {
1176         case SOCK_STREAM:
1177                 ai->ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
1178                 break;
1179         case SOCK_DGRAM:
1180                 ai->ai_protocol = IPPROTO_UDP;
1181                 break;
1182         default:
1183                 ai->ai_protocol = 0;
1184                 break;
1185         }
1186         ai->ai_addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
1187         if (hints && (hints->ai_flags & AI_CANONNAME))
1188                 ai->ai_canonname = h ? xstrdup(h->h_name) : NULL;
1189         else
1190                 ai->ai_canonname = NULL;
1191
1192         sin = xmalloc(ai->ai_addrlen);
1193         memset(sin, 0, ai->ai_addrlen);
1194         sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
1195         /* Note: getaddrinfo is supposed to allow service to be a string,
1196          * which should be looked up using getservbyname. This is
1197          * currently not implemented */
1198         if (service)
1199                 sin->sin_port = htons(atoi(service));
1200         if (h)
1201                 sin->sin_addr = *(struct in_addr *)h->h_addr;
1202         else if (hints && (hints->ai_flags & AI_PASSIVE))
1203                 sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
1204         else
1205                 sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_LOOPBACK;
1206         ai->ai_addr = (struct sockaddr *)sin;
1207         ai->ai_next = 0;
1208         return 0;
1209 }
1210
1211 static void WSAAPI freeaddrinfo_stub(struct addrinfo *res)
1212 {
1213         free(res->ai_canonname);
1214         free(res->ai_addr);
1215         free(res);
1216 }
1217
1218 static int WSAAPI getnameinfo_stub(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
1219                                    char *host, DWORD hostlen,
1220                                    char *serv, DWORD servlen, int flags)
1221 {
1222         const struct sockaddr_in *sin = (const struct sockaddr_in *)sa;
1223         if (sa->sa_family != AF_INET)
1224                 return EAI_FAMILY;
1225         if (!host && !serv)
1226                 return EAI_NONAME;
1227
1228         if (host && hostlen > 0) {
1229                 struct hostent *ent = NULL;
1230                 if (!(flags & NI_NUMERICHOST))
1231                         ent = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&sin->sin_addr,
1232                                             sizeof(sin->sin_addr), AF_INET);
1233
1234                 if (ent)
1235                         snprintf(host, hostlen, "%s", ent->h_name);
1236                 else if (flags & NI_NAMEREQD)
1237                         return EAI_NONAME;
1238                 else
1239                         snprintf(host, hostlen, "%s", inet_ntoa(sin->sin_addr));
1240         }
1241
1242         if (serv && servlen > 0) {
1243                 struct servent *ent = NULL;
1244                 if (!(flags & NI_NUMERICSERV))
1245                         ent = getservbyport(sin->sin_port,
1246                                             flags & NI_DGRAM ? "udp" : "tcp");
1247
1248                 if (ent)
1249                         snprintf(serv, servlen, "%s", ent->s_name);
1250                 else
1251                         snprintf(serv, servlen, "%d", ntohs(sin->sin_port));
1252         }
1253
1254         return 0;
1255 }
1256
1257 static HMODULE ipv6_dll = NULL;
1258 static void (WSAAPI *ipv6_freeaddrinfo)(struct addrinfo *res);
1259 static int (WSAAPI *ipv6_getaddrinfo)(const char *node, const char *service,
1260                                       const struct addrinfo *hints,
1261                                       struct addrinfo **res);
1262 static int (WSAAPI *ipv6_getnameinfo)(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
1263                                       char *host, DWORD hostlen,
1264                                       char *serv, DWORD servlen, int flags);
1265 /*
1266  * gai_strerror is an inline function in the ws2tcpip.h header, so we
1267  * don't need to try to load that one dynamically.
1268  */
1269
1270 static void socket_cleanup(void)
1271 {
1272         WSACleanup();
1273         if (ipv6_dll)
1274                 FreeLibrary(ipv6_dll);
1275         ipv6_dll = NULL;
1276         ipv6_freeaddrinfo = freeaddrinfo_stub;
1277         ipv6_getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_stub;
1278         ipv6_getnameinfo = getnameinfo_stub;
1279 }
1280
1281 static void ensure_socket_initialization(void)
1282 {
1283         WSADATA wsa;
1284         static int initialized = 0;
1285         const char *libraries[] = { "ws2_32.dll", "wship6.dll", NULL };
1286         const char **name;
1287
1288         if (initialized)
1289                 return;
1290
1291         if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsa))
1292                 die("unable to initialize winsock subsystem, error %d",
1293                         WSAGetLastError());
1294
1295         for (name = libraries; *name; name++) {
1296                 ipv6_dll = LoadLibrary(*name);
1297                 if (!ipv6_dll)
1298                         continue;
1299
1300                 ipv6_freeaddrinfo = (void (WSAAPI *)(struct addrinfo *))
1301                         GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "freeaddrinfo");
1302                 ipv6_getaddrinfo = (int (WSAAPI *)(const char *, const char *,
1303                                                    const struct addrinfo *,
1304                                                    struct addrinfo **))
1305                         GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "getaddrinfo");
1306                 ipv6_getnameinfo = (int (WSAAPI *)(const struct sockaddr *,
1307                                                    socklen_t, char *, DWORD,
1308                                                    char *, DWORD, int))
1309                         GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "getnameinfo");
1310                 if (!ipv6_freeaddrinfo || !ipv6_getaddrinfo || !ipv6_getnameinfo) {
1311                         FreeLibrary(ipv6_dll);
1312                         ipv6_dll = NULL;
1313                 } else
1314                         break;
1315         }
1316         if (!ipv6_freeaddrinfo || !ipv6_getaddrinfo || !ipv6_getnameinfo) {
1317                 ipv6_freeaddrinfo = freeaddrinfo_stub;
1318                 ipv6_getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_stub;
1319                 ipv6_getnameinfo = getnameinfo_stub;
1320         }
1321
1322         atexit(socket_cleanup);
1323         initialized = 1;
1324 }
1325
1326 #undef gethostname
1327 int mingw_gethostname(char *name, int namelen)
1328 {
1329     ensure_socket_initialization();
1330     return gethostname(name, namelen);
1331 }
1332
1333 #undef gethostbyname
1334 struct hostent *mingw_gethostbyname(const char *host)
1335 {
1336         ensure_socket_initialization();
1337         return gethostbyname(host);
1338 }
1339
1340 void mingw_freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *res)
1341 {
1342         ipv6_freeaddrinfo(res);
1343 }
1344
1345 int mingw_getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service,
1346                       const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res)
1347 {
1348         ensure_socket_initialization();
1349         return ipv6_getaddrinfo(node, service, hints, res);
1350 }
1351
1352 int mingw_getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
1353                       char *host, DWORD hostlen, char *serv, DWORD servlen,
1354                       int flags)
1355 {
1356         ensure_socket_initialization();
1357         return ipv6_getnameinfo(sa, salen, host, hostlen, serv, servlen, flags);
1358 }
1359
1360 int mingw_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol)
1361 {
1362         int sockfd;
1363         SOCKET s;
1364
1365         ensure_socket_initialization();
1366         s = WSASocket(domain, type, protocol, NULL, 0, 0);
1367         if (s == INVALID_SOCKET) {
1368                 /*
1369                  * WSAGetLastError() values are regular BSD error codes
1370                  * biased by WSABASEERR.
1371                  * However, strerror() does not know about networking
1372                  * specific errors, which are values beginning at 38 or so.
1373                  * Therefore, we choose to leave the biased error code
1374                  * in errno so that _if_ someone looks up the code somewhere,
1375                  * then it is at least the number that are usually listed.
1376                  */
1377                 errno = WSAGetLastError();
1378                 return -1;
1379         }
1380         /* convert into a file descriptor */
1381         if ((sockfd = _open_osfhandle(s, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
1382                 closesocket(s);
1383                 return error("unable to make a socket file descriptor: %s",
1384                         strerror(errno));
1385         }
1386         return sockfd;
1387 }
1388
1389 #undef connect
1390 int mingw_connect(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz)
1391 {
1392         SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1393         return connect(s, sa, sz);
1394 }
1395
1396 #undef bind
1397 int mingw_bind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz)
1398 {
1399         SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1400         return bind(s, sa, sz);
1401 }
1402
1403 #undef setsockopt
1404 int mingw_setsockopt(int sockfd, int lvl, int optname, void *optval, int optlen)
1405 {
1406         SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1407         return setsockopt(s, lvl, optname, (const char*)optval, optlen);
1408 }
1409
1410 #undef shutdown
1411 int mingw_shutdown(int sockfd, int how)
1412 {
1413         SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1414         return shutdown(s, how);
1415 }
1416
1417 #undef listen
1418 int mingw_listen(int sockfd, int backlog)
1419 {
1420         SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1421         return listen(s, backlog);
1422 }
1423
1424 #undef accept
1425 int mingw_accept(int sockfd1, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *sz)
1426 {
1427         int sockfd2;
1428
1429         SOCKET s1 = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd1);
1430         SOCKET s2 = accept(s1, sa, sz);
1431
1432         /* convert into a file descriptor */
1433         if ((sockfd2 = _open_osfhandle(s2, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
1434                 int err = errno;
1435                 closesocket(s2);
1436                 return error("unable to make a socket file descriptor: %s",
1437                         strerror(err));
1438         }
1439         return sockfd2;
1440 }
1441
1442 #undef rename
1443 int mingw_rename(const char *pold, const char *pnew)
1444 {
1445         DWORD attrs, gle;
1446         int tries = 0;
1447
1448         /*
1449          * Try native rename() first to get errno right.
1450          * It is based on MoveFile(), which cannot overwrite existing files.
1451          */
1452         if (!rename(pold, pnew))
1453                 return 0;
1454         if (errno != EEXIST)
1455                 return -1;
1456 repeat:
1457         if (MoveFileEx(pold, pnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
1458                 return 0;
1459         /* TODO: translate more errors */
1460         gle = GetLastError();
1461         if (gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED &&
1462             (attrs = GetFileAttributes(pnew)) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
1463                 if (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
1464                         errno = EISDIR;
1465                         return -1;
1466                 }
1467                 if ((attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY) &&
1468                     SetFileAttributes(pnew, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
1469                         if (MoveFileEx(pold, pnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
1470                                 return 0;
1471                         gle = GetLastError();
1472                         /* revert file attributes on failure */
1473                         SetFileAttributes(pnew, attrs);
1474                 }
1475         }
1476         if (tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay) && gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
1477                 /*
1478                  * We assume that some other process had the source or
1479                  * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
1480                  * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
1481                  * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
1482                  * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
1483                  */
1484                 Sleep(delay[tries]);
1485                 tries++;
1486                 goto repeat;
1487         }
1488         if (gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED &&
1489                ask_yes_no_if_possible("Rename from '%s' to '%s' failed. "
1490                        "Should I try again?", pold, pnew))
1491                 goto repeat;
1492
1493         errno = EACCES;
1494         return -1;
1495 }
1496
1497 /*
1498  * Note that this doesn't return the actual pagesize, but
1499  * the allocation granularity. If future Windows specific git code
1500  * needs the real getpagesize function, we need to find another solution.
1501  */
1502 int mingw_getpagesize(void)
1503 {
1504         SYSTEM_INFO si;
1505         GetSystemInfo(&si);
1506         return si.dwAllocationGranularity;
1507 }
1508
1509 struct passwd *getpwuid(int uid)
1510 {
1511         static char user_name[100];
1512         static struct passwd p;
1513
1514         DWORD len = sizeof(user_name);
1515         if (!GetUserName(user_name, &len))
1516                 return NULL;
1517         p.pw_name = user_name;
1518         p.pw_gecos = "unknown";
1519         p.pw_dir = NULL;
1520         return &p;
1521 }
1522
1523 static HANDLE timer_event;
1524 static HANDLE timer_thread;
1525 static int timer_interval;
1526 static int one_shot;
1527 static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL;
1528
1529 /* The timer works like this:
1530  * The thread, ticktack(), is a trivial routine that most of the time
1531  * only waits to receive the signal to terminate. The main thread tells
1532  * the thread to terminate by setting the timer_event to the signalled
1533  * state.
1534  * But ticktack() interrupts the wait state after the timer's interval
1535  * length to call the signal handler.
1536  */
1537
1538 static unsigned __stdcall ticktack(void *dummy)
1539 {
1540         while (WaitForSingleObject(timer_event, timer_interval) == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
1541                 if (timer_fn == SIG_DFL)
1542                         die("Alarm");
1543                 if (timer_fn != SIG_IGN)
1544                         timer_fn(SIGALRM);
1545                 if (one_shot)
1546                         break;
1547         }
1548         return 0;
1549 }
1550
1551 static int start_timer_thread(void)
1552 {
1553         timer_event = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
1554         if (timer_event) {
1555                 timer_thread = (HANDLE) _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, ticktack, NULL, 0, NULL);
1556                 if (!timer_thread )
1557                         return errno = ENOMEM,
1558                                 error("cannot start timer thread");
1559         } else
1560                 return errno = ENOMEM,
1561                         error("cannot allocate resources for timer");
1562         return 0;
1563 }
1564
1565 static void stop_timer_thread(void)
1566 {
1567         if (timer_event)
1568                 SetEvent(timer_event);  /* tell thread to terminate */
1569         if (timer_thread) {
1570                 int rc = WaitForSingleObject(timer_thread, 1000);
1571                 if (rc == WAIT_TIMEOUT)
1572                         error("timer thread did not terminate timely");
1573                 else if (rc != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
1574                         error("waiting for timer thread failed: %lu",
1575                               GetLastError());
1576                 CloseHandle(timer_thread);
1577         }
1578         if (timer_event)
1579                 CloseHandle(timer_event);
1580         timer_event = NULL;
1581         timer_thread = NULL;
1582 }
1583
1584 static inline int is_timeval_eq(const struct timeval *i1, const struct timeval *i2)
1585 {
1586         return i1->tv_sec == i2->tv_sec && i1->tv_usec == i2->tv_usec;
1587 }
1588
1589 int setitimer(int type, struct itimerval *in, struct itimerval *out)
1590 {
1591         static const struct timeval zero;
1592         static int atexit_done;
1593
1594         if (out != NULL)
1595                 return errno = EINVAL,
1596                         error("setitimer param 3 != NULL not implemented");
1597         if (!is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero) &&
1598             !is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &in->it_value))
1599                 return errno = EINVAL,
1600                         error("setitimer: it_interval must be zero or eq it_value");
1601
1602         if (timer_thread)
1603                 stop_timer_thread();
1604
1605         if (is_timeval_eq(&in->it_value, &zero) &&
1606             is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero))
1607                 return 0;
1608
1609         timer_interval = in->it_value.tv_sec * 1000 + in->it_value.tv_usec / 1000;
1610         one_shot = is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero);
1611         if (!atexit_done) {
1612                 atexit(stop_timer_thread);
1613                 atexit_done = 1;
1614         }
1615         return start_timer_thread();
1616 }
1617
1618 int sigaction(int sig, struct sigaction *in, struct sigaction *out)
1619 {
1620         if (sig != SIGALRM)
1621                 return errno = EINVAL,
1622                         error("sigaction only implemented for SIGALRM");
1623         if (out != NULL)
1624                 return errno = EINVAL,
1625                         error("sigaction: param 3 != NULL not implemented");
1626
1627         timer_fn = in->sa_handler;
1628         return 0;
1629 }
1630
1631 #undef signal
1632 sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler)
1633 {
1634         sig_handler_t old = timer_fn;
1635         if (sig != SIGALRM)
1636                 return signal(sig, handler);
1637         timer_fn = handler;
1638         return old;
1639 }
1640
1641 static const char *make_backslash_path(const char *path)
1642 {
1643         static char buf[PATH_MAX + 1];
1644         char *c;
1645
1646         if (strlcpy(buf, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX)
1647                 die("Too long path: %.*s", 60, path);
1648
1649         for (c = buf; *c; c++) {
1650                 if (*c == '/')
1651                         *c = '\\';
1652         }
1653         return buf;
1654 }
1655
1656 void mingw_open_html(const char *unixpath)
1657 {
1658         const char *htmlpath = make_backslash_path(unixpath);
1659         typedef HINSTANCE (WINAPI *T)(HWND, const char *,
1660                         const char *, const char *, const char *, INT);
1661         T ShellExecute;
1662         HMODULE shell32;
1663         int r;
1664
1665         shell32 = LoadLibrary("shell32.dll");
1666         if (!shell32)
1667                 die("cannot load shell32.dll");
1668         ShellExecute = (T)GetProcAddress(shell32, "ShellExecuteA");
1669         if (!ShellExecute)
1670                 die("cannot run browser");
1671
1672         printf("Launching default browser to display HTML ...\n");
1673         r = (int)ShellExecute(NULL, "open", htmlpath, NULL, "\\", SW_SHOWNORMAL);
1674         FreeLibrary(shell32);
1675         /* see the MSDN documentation referring to the result codes here */
1676         if (r <= 32) {
1677                 die("failed to launch browser for %.*s", MAX_PATH, unixpath);
1678         }
1679 }
1680
1681 int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
1682 {
1683         typedef BOOL (WINAPI *T)(const char*, const char*, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
1684         static T create_hard_link = NULL;
1685         if (!create_hard_link) {
1686                 create_hard_link = (T) GetProcAddress(
1687                         GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "CreateHardLinkA");
1688                 if (!create_hard_link)
1689                         create_hard_link = (T)-1;
1690         }
1691         if (create_hard_link == (T)-1) {
1692                 errno = ENOSYS;
1693                 return -1;
1694         }
1695         if (!create_hard_link(newpath, oldpath, NULL)) {
1696                 errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
1697                 return -1;
1698         }
1699         return 0;
1700 }
1701
1702 char *getpass(const char *prompt)
1703 {
1704         struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
1705
1706         fputs(prompt, stderr);
1707         for (;;) {
1708                 char c = _getch();
1709                 if (c == '\r' || c == '\n')
1710                         break;
1711                 strbuf_addch(&buf, c);
1712         }
1713         fputs("\n", stderr);
1714         return strbuf_detach(&buf, NULL);
1715 }
1716
1717 pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int options)
1718 {
1719         HANDLE h = OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE | PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION,
1720             FALSE, pid);
1721         if (!h) {
1722                 errno = ECHILD;
1723                 return -1;
1724         }
1725
1726         if (pid > 0 && options & WNOHANG) {
1727                 if (WAIT_OBJECT_0 != WaitForSingleObject(h, 0)) {
1728                         CloseHandle(h);
1729                         return 0;
1730                 }
1731                 options &= ~WNOHANG;
1732         }
1733
1734         if (options == 0) {
1735                 struct pinfo_t **ppinfo;
1736                 if (WaitForSingleObject(h, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
1737                         CloseHandle(h);
1738                         return 0;
1739                 }
1740
1741                 if (status)
1742                         GetExitCodeProcess(h, (LPDWORD)status);
1743
1744                 EnterCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
1745
1746                 ppinfo = &pinfo;
1747                 while (*ppinfo) {
1748                         struct pinfo_t *info = *ppinfo;
1749                         if (info->pid == pid) {
1750                                 CloseHandle(info->proc);
1751                                 *ppinfo = info->next;
1752                                 free(info);
1753                                 break;
1754                         }
1755                         ppinfo = &info->next;
1756                 }
1757
1758                 LeaveCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
1759
1760                 CloseHandle(h);
1761                 return pid;
1762         }
1763         CloseHandle(h);
1764
1765         errno = EINVAL;
1766         return -1;
1767 }