6 git-send-email - Send a collection of patches as emails
12 'git send-email' [options] <file|directory|rev-list options>...
17 Takes the patches given on the command line and emails them out.
18 Patches can be specified as files, directories (which will send all
19 files in the directory), or directly as a revision list. In the
20 last case, any format accepted by linkgit:git-format-patch[1] can
21 be passed to git send-email.
23 The header of the email is configurable by command line options. If not
24 specified on the command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine
25 enabled interface to provide the necessary information.
27 There are two formats accepted for patch files:
31 This is what linkgit:git-format-patch[1] generates. Most headers and MIME
32 formatting are ignored.
34 2. The original format used by Greg Kroah-Hartman's 'send_lots_of_email.pl'
37 This format expects the first line of the file to contain the "Cc:" value
38 and the "Subject:" of the message as the second line.
48 Review and edit each patch you're about to send. See the
49 CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
52 Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of
55 The --bcc option must be repeated for each user you want on the bcc list.
58 Specify a starting "Cc:" value for each email.
59 Default is the value of 'sendemail.cc'.
61 The --cc option must be repeated for each user you want on the cc list.
64 Invoke a text editor (see GIT_EDITOR in linkgit:git-var[1])
65 to edit an introductory message for the patch series.
67 When '--compose' is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and
68 In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
69 (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank
70 (or GIT: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
71 and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.
73 Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
75 See the CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
78 Specify the sender of the emails. If not specified on the command line,
79 the value of the 'sendemail.from' configuration option is used. If
80 neither the command line option nor 'sendemail.from' are set, then the
81 user will be prompted for the value. The default for the prompt will be
82 the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not
83 set, as returned by "git var -l".
85 --in-reply-to=<identifier>::
86 Make the first mail (or all the mails with `--no-thread`) appear as a
87 reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
88 provide a new patch series.
89 The second and subsequent emails will be sent as replies according to
90 the `--[no]-chain-reply-to` setting.
92 So for example when `--thread` and `--no-chain-reply-to` are specified, the
93 second and subsequent patches will be replies to the first one like in the
94 illustration below where `[PATCH v2 0/3]` is in reply to `[PATCH 0/2]`:
96 [PATCH 0/2] Here is what I did...
97 [PATCH 1/2] Clean up and tests
98 [PATCH 2/2] Implementation
99 [PATCH v2 0/3] Here is a reroll
100 [PATCH v2 1/3] Clean up
101 [PATCH v2 2/3] New tests
102 [PATCH v2 3/3] Implementation
104 Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
105 is not set, this will be prompted for.
108 Specify the initial subject of the email thread.
109 Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
110 is not set, this will be prompted for.
113 Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated. Generally, this
114 will be the upstream maintainer of the project involved. Default is the
115 value of the 'sendemail.to' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
116 and --to-cmd is not specified, this will be prompted for.
118 The --to option must be repeated for each user you want on the to list.
120 --8bit-encoding=<encoding>::
121 When encountering a non-ASCII message or subject that does not
122 declare its encoding, add headers/quoting to indicate it is
123 encoded in <encoding>. Default is the value of the
124 'sendemail.assume8bitEncoding'; if that is unspecified, this
125 will be prompted for if any non-ASCII files are encountered.
127 Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding.
133 --envelope-sender=<address>::
134 Specify the envelope sender used to send the emails.
135 This is useful if your default address is not the address that is
136 subscribed to a list. In order to use the 'From' address, set the
137 value to "auto". If you use the sendmail binary, you must have
138 suitable privileges for the -f parameter. Default is the value of the
139 'sendemail.envelopesender' configuration variable; if that is
140 unspecified, choosing the envelope sender is left to your MTA.
142 --smtp-encryption=<encryption>::
143 Specify the encryption to use, either 'ssl' or 'tls'. Any other
144 value reverts to plain SMTP. Default is the value of
145 'sendemail.smtpencryption'.
147 --smtp-domain=<FQDN>::
148 Specifies the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used in the
149 HELO/EHLO command to the SMTP server. Some servers require the
150 FQDN to match your IP address. If not set, git send-email attempts
151 to determine your FQDN automatically. Default is the value of
152 'sendemail.smtpdomain'.
154 --smtp-pass[=<password>]::
155 Password for SMTP-AUTH. The argument is optional: If no
156 argument is specified, then the empty string is used as
157 the password. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtppass',
158 however '--smtp-pass' always overrides this value.
160 Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files
161 or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
162 '--smtp-user' or a 'sendemail.smtpuser'), but no password has been
163 specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtppass'), then the
164 user is prompted for a password while the input is masked for privacy.
166 --smtp-server=<host>::
167 If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
168 `smtp.example.com` or a raw IP address). Alternatively it can
169 specify a full pathname of a sendmail-like program instead;
170 the program must support the `-i` option. Default value can
171 be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserver' configuration
172 option; the built-in default is `/usr/sbin/sendmail` or
173 `/usr/lib/sendmail` if such program is available, or
174 `localhost` otherwise.
176 --smtp-server-port=<port>::
177 Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP
178 servers typically listen to smtp port 25, but may also listen to
179 submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port 465);
180 symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 587)
181 are also accepted. The port can also be set with the
182 'sendemail.smtpserverport' configuration variable.
184 --smtp-server-option=<option>::
185 If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server option to use.
186 Default value can be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserveroption'
187 configuration option.
189 The --smtp-server-option option must be repeated for each option you want
190 to pass to the server. Likewise, different lines in the configuration files
191 must be used for each option.
194 Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
197 Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtpuser';
198 if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or 'sendemail.smtpuser'),
199 then authentication is not attempted.
202 Enable (1) or disable (0) debug output. If enabled, SMTP
203 commands and replies will be printed. Useful to debug TLS
204 connection and authentication problems.
210 Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
211 should generate patch file specific "To:" entries.
212 Output of this command must be single email address per line.
213 Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocmd' configuration value.
216 Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
217 should generate patch file specific "Cc:" entries.
218 Output of this command must be single email address per line.
219 Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccmd' configuration value.
221 --[no-]chain-reply-to::
222 If this is set, each email will be sent as a reply to the previous
223 email sent. If disabled with "--no-chain-reply-to", all emails after
224 the first will be sent as replies to the first email sent. When using
225 this, it is recommended that the first file given be an overview of the
226 entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the 'sendemail.chainreplyto'
227 configuration variable can be used to enable it.
229 --identity=<identity>::
230 A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the
231 'sendemail.<identity>' subsection to take precedence over
232 values in the 'sendemail' section. The default identity is
233 the value of 'sendemail.identity'.
235 --[no-]signed-off-by-cc::
236 If this is set, add emails found in Signed-off-by: or Cc: lines to the
237 cc list. Default is the value of 'sendemail.signedoffbycc' configuration
238 value; if that is unspecified, default to --signed-off-by-cc.
240 --suppress-cc=<category>::
241 Specify an additional category of recipients to suppress the
245 - 'author' will avoid including the patch author
246 - 'self' will avoid including the sender
247 - 'cc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the patch header
248 except for self (use 'self' for that).
249 - 'bodycc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the
250 patch body (commit message) except for self (use 'self' for that).
251 - 'sob' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Signed-off-by lines except
252 for self (use 'self' for that).
253 - 'cccmd' will avoid running the --cc-cmd.
254 - 'body' is equivalent to 'sob' + 'bodycc'
255 - 'all' will suppress all auto cc values.
258 Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppresscc' configuration value; if
259 that is unspecified, default to 'self' if --suppress-from is
260 specified, as well as 'body' if --no-signed-off-cc is specified.
262 --[no-]suppress-from::
263 If this is set, do not add the From: address to the cc: list.
264 Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppressfrom' configuration
265 value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-suppress-from.
268 If this is set, the In-Reply-To and References headers will be
269 added to each email sent. Whether each mail refers to the
270 previous email (`deep` threading per 'git format-patch'
271 wording) or to the first email (`shallow` threading) is
272 governed by "--[no-]chain-reply-to".
274 If disabled with "--no-thread", those headers will not be added
275 (unless specified with --in-reply-to). Default is the value of the
276 'sendemail.thread' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
279 It is up to the user to ensure that no In-Reply-To header already
280 exists when 'git send-email' is asked to add it (especially note that
281 'git format-patch' can be configured to do the threading itself).
282 Failure to do so may not produce the expected result in the
290 Confirm just before sending:
293 - 'always' will always confirm before sending
294 - 'never' will never confirm before sending
295 - 'cc' will confirm before sending when send-email has automatically
296 added addresses from the patch to the Cc list
297 - 'compose' will confirm before sending the first message when using --compose.
298 - 'auto' is equivalent to 'cc' + 'compose'
301 Default is the value of 'sendemail.confirm' configuration value; if that
302 is unspecified, default to 'auto' unless any of the suppress options
303 have been specified, in which case default to 'compose'.
306 Do everything except actually send the emails.
308 --[no-]format-patch::
309 When an argument may be understood either as a reference or as a file name,
310 choose to understand it as a format-patch argument ('--format-patch')
311 or as a file name ('--no-format-patch'). By default, when such a conflict
312 occurs, git send-email will fail.
315 Make git-send-email less verbose. One line per email should be
319 Perform sanity checks on patches.
320 Currently, validation means the following:
323 * Warn of patches that contain lines longer than 998 characters; this
324 is due to SMTP limits as described by http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt.
327 Default is the value of 'sendemail.validate'; if this is not set,
328 default to '--validate'.
331 Send emails even if safety checks would prevent it.
337 sendemail.aliasesfile::
338 To avoid typing long email addresses, point this to one or more
339 email aliases files. You must also supply 'sendemail.aliasfiletype'.
341 sendemail.aliasfiletype::
342 Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesfile. Must be
343 one of 'mutt', 'mailrc', 'pine', 'elm', or 'gnus'.
345 sendemail.multiedit::
346 If true (default), a single editor instance will be spawned to edit
347 files you have to edit (patches when '--annotate' is used, and the
348 summary when '--compose' is used). If false, files will be edited one
349 after the other, spawning a new editor each time.
352 Sets the default for whether to confirm before sending. Must be
353 one of 'always', 'never', 'cc', 'compose', or 'auto'. See '--confirm'
354 in the previous section for the meaning of these values.
358 Use gmail as the smtp server
359 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
360 To use 'git send-email' to send your patches through the GMail SMTP server,
361 edit ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings:
365 smtpserver = smtp.gmail.com
366 smtpuser = yourname@gmail.com
369 Once your commits are ready to be sent to the mailing list, run the
372 $ git format-patch --cover-letter -M origin/master -o outgoing/
373 $ edit outgoing/0000-*
374 $ git send-email outgoing/*
376 Note: the following perl modules are required
377 Net::SMTP::SSL, MIME::Base64 and Authen::SASL
381 linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-imap-send[1], mbox(5)
385 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite