4 If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
5 is not 'oneline', 'email' or 'raw', an additional line is
6 inserted before the 'Author:' line. This line begins with
7 "Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed,
8 separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not
9 necessarily be the list of the *direct* parent commits if you
10 have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
11 only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
14 There are several built-in formats, and you can define
15 additional formats by setting a pretty.<name>
16 config option to either another format name, or a
17 'format:' string, as described below (see
18 linkgit:git-config[1]). Here are the details of the
25 This is designed to be as compact as possible.
58 AuthorDate: <author date>
60 CommitDate: <committer date>
71 Subject: [PATCH] <title line>
77 The 'raw' format shows the entire commit exactly as
78 stored in the commit object. Notably, the SHA-1s are
79 displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
80 --no-abbrev are used, and 'parents' information show the
81 true parent commits, without taking grafts or history
82 simplification into account. Note that this format affects the way
83 commits are displayed, but not the way the diff is shown e.g. with
84 `git log --raw`. To get full object names in a raw diff format,
89 The 'format:<string>' format allows you to specify which information
90 you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
91 with the notable exception that you get a newline with '%n'
94 E.g, 'format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was >>%s<<%n"'
95 would show something like this:
98 The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
99 The title was >>t4119: test autocomputing -p<n> for traditional diff input.<<
103 The placeholders are:
106 - '%h': abbreviated commit hash
108 - '%t': abbreviated tree hash
109 - '%P': parent hashes
110 - '%p': abbreviated parent hashes
112 - '%aN': author name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1]
113 or linkgit:git-blame[1])
114 - '%ae': author email
115 - '%aE': author email (respecting .mailmap, see
116 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
117 - '%ad': author date (format respects --date= option)
118 - '%aD': author date, RFC2822 style
119 - '%ar': author date, relative
120 - '%at': author date, UNIX timestamp
121 - '%ai': author date, ISO 8601-like format
122 - '%aI': author date, strict ISO 8601 format
123 - '%cn': committer name
124 - '%cN': committer name (respecting .mailmap, see
125 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
126 - '%ce': committer email
127 - '%cE': committer email (respecting .mailmap, see
128 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
129 - '%cd': committer date (format respects --date= option)
130 - '%cD': committer date, RFC2822 style
131 - '%cr': committer date, relative
132 - '%ct': committer date, UNIX timestamp
133 - '%ci': committer date, ISO 8601-like format
134 - '%cI': committer date, strict ISO 8601 format
135 - '%d': ref names, like the --decorate option of linkgit:git-log[1]
136 - '%D': ref names without the " (", ")" wrapping.
139 - '%f': sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
141 - '%B': raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
142 ifndef::git-rev-list[]
144 endif::git-rev-list[]
145 - '%GG': raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit
146 - '%G?': show "G" for a good (valid) signature,
147 "B" for a bad signature,
148 "U" for a good signature with unknown validity,
149 "X" for a good signature that has expired,
150 "Y" for a good signature made by an expired key,
151 "R" for a good signature made by a revoked key,
152 "E" if the signature cannot be checked (e.g. missing key)
153 and "N" for no signature
154 - '%GS': show the name of the signer for a signed commit
155 - '%GK': show the key used to sign a signed commit
156 - '%GF': show the fingerprint of the key used to sign a signed commit
157 - '%GP': show the fingerprint of the primary key whose subkey was used
158 to sign a signed commit
159 - '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@{1}` or
160 `refs/stash@{2 minutes ago`}; the format follows the rules described
161 for the `-g` option. The portion before the `@` is the refname as
162 given on the command line (so `git log -g refs/heads/master` would
163 yield `refs/heads/master@{0}`).
164 - '%gd': shortened reflog selector; same as `%gD`, but the refname
165 portion is shortened for human readability (so `refs/heads/master`
166 becomes just `master`).
167 - '%gn': reflog identity name
168 - '%gN': reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see
169 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
170 - '%ge': reflog identity email
171 - '%gE': reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see
172 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
173 - '%gs': reflog subject
174 - '%Cred': switch color to red
175 - '%Cgreen': switch color to green
176 - '%Cblue': switch color to blue
177 - '%Creset': reset color
178 - '%C(...)': color specification, as described under Values in the
179 "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1].
180 By default, colors are shown only when enabled for log output (by
181 `color.diff`, `color.ui`, or `--color`, and respecting the `auto`
182 settings of the former if we are going to a terminal). `%C(auto,...)`
183 is accepted as a historical synonym for the default (e.g.,
184 `%C(auto,red)`). Specifying `%C(always,...) will show the colors
185 even when color is not otherwise enabled (though consider
186 just using `--color=always` to enable color for the whole output,
187 including this format and anything else git might color). `auto`
188 alone (i.e. `%C(auto)`) will turn on auto coloring on the next
189 placeholders until the color is switched again.
190 - '%m': left (`<`), right (`>`) or boundary (`-`) mark
193 - '%x00': print a byte from a hex code
194 - '%w([<w>[,<i1>[,<i2>]]])': switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
195 linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
196 - '%<(<N>[,trunc|ltrunc|mtrunc])': make the next placeholder take at
197 least N columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary.
198 Optionally truncate at the beginning (ltrunc), the middle (mtrunc)
199 or the end (trunc) if the output is longer than N columns.
200 Note that truncating only works correctly with N >= 2.
201 - '%<|(<N>)': make the next placeholder take at least until Nth
202 columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary
203 - '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)': similar to '%<(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
204 respectively, but padding spaces on the left
205 - '%>>(<N>)', '%>>|(<N>)': similar to '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)'
206 respectively, except that if the next placeholder takes more spaces
207 than given and there are spaces on its left, use those spaces
208 - '%><(<N>)', '%><|(<N>)': similar to '%<(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
209 respectively, but padding both sides (i.e. the text is centered)
210 - %(trailers[:options]): display the trailers of the body as interpreted
211 by linkgit:git-interpret-trailers[1]. The `trailers` string may be
212 followed by a colon and zero or more comma-separated options. If the
213 `only` option is given, omit non-trailer lines from the trailer block.
214 If the `unfold` option is given, behave as if interpret-trailer's
215 `--unfold` option was given. E.g., `%(trailers:only,unfold)` to do
218 NOTE: Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
219 revision traversal engine. For example, the `%g*` reflog options will
220 insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
221 `git log -g`). The `%d` and `%D` placeholders will use the "short"
222 decoration format if `--decorate` was not already provided on the command
225 If you add a `+` (plus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, a line-feed
226 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
227 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.
229 If you add a `-` (minus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, all consecutive
230 line-feeds immediately preceding the expansion are deleted if and only if the
231 placeholder expands to an empty string.
233 If you add a ` ` (space) after '%' of a placeholder, a space
234 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
235 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.
239 The 'tformat:' format works exactly like 'format:', except that it
240 provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
241 other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
242 newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
243 This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
244 terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
247 ---------------------
248 $ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
249 | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
251 7134973 -- NO NEWLINE
253 $ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
254 | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
257 ---------------------
259 In addition, any unrecognized string that has a `%` in it is interpreted
260 as if it has `tformat:` in front of it. For example, these two are
263 ---------------------
264 $ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef
265 $ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef
266 ---------------------