6 git - the stupid content tracker
12 'git' [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]
13 [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
14 [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
15 [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
20 Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
21 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
22 and full access to internals.
24 See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see
25 linkgit:giteveryday[7] for a useful minimum set of
26 commands. The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] has a more
27 in-depth introduction.
29 After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this
30 page to learn what commands Git offers. You can learn more about
31 individual Git commands with "git help command". linkgit:gitcli[7]
32 manual page gives you an overview of the command-line command syntax.
34 A formatted and hyperlinked copy of the latest Git documentation
35 can be viewed at `https://git.github.io/htmldocs/git.html`.
41 You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
42 unreleased) version of Git, that is available from the 'master'
43 branch of the `git.git` repository.
44 Documentation for older releases are available here:
46 * link:v2.9.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.9.3]
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52 link:RelNotes/2.9.0.txt[2.9].
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479 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.txt[1.5.2].
481 * link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6]
484 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6],
485 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5],
486 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4],
487 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3],
488 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2],
489 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1],
490 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.txt[1.5.1].
492 * link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
495 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7],
496 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6],
497 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5],
498 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3],
499 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2],
500 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1],
501 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.txt[1.5.0].
503 * documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4],
504 link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3],
505 link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6],
506 link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13].
515 Prints the Git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
518 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
519 commands. If the option `--all` or `-a` is given then all
520 available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this
521 option will bring up the manual page for that command.
523 Other options are available to control how the manual page is
524 displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information,
525 because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git
529 Run as if git was started in '<path>' instead of the current working
530 directory. When multiple `-C` options are given, each subsequent
531 non-absolute `-C <path>` is interpreted relative to the preceding `-C
534 This option affects options that expect path name like `--git-dir` and
535 `--work-tree` in that their interpretations of the path names would be
536 made relative to the working directory caused by the `-C` option. For
537 example the following invocations are equivalent:
539 git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=b -C c status
540 git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/b status
543 Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value
544 given will override values from configuration files.
545 The <name> is expected in the same format as listed by
546 'git config' (subkeys separated by dots).
548 Note that omitting the `=` in `git -c foo.bar ...` is allowed and sets
549 `foo.bar` to the boolean true value (just like `[foo]bar` would in a
550 config file). Including the equals but with an empty value (like `git -c
551 foo.bar= ...`) sets `foo.bar` to the empty string.
553 --exec-path[=<path>]::
554 Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed.
555 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
556 environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
557 the current setting and then exit.
560 Print the path, without trailing slash, where Git's HTML
561 documentation is installed and exit.
564 Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for
565 this version of Git and exit.
568 Print the path where the Info files documenting this
569 version of Git are installed and exit.
573 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER) if standard
574 output is a terminal. This overrides the `pager.<cmd>`
575 configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section
579 Do not pipe Git output into a pager.
582 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
583 setting the `GIT_DIR` environment variable. It can be an absolute
584 path or relative path to current working directory.
587 Set the path to the working tree. It can be an absolute path
588 or a path relative to the current working directory.
589 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
590 environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
591 variable (see core.worktree in linkgit:git-config[1] for a
592 more detailed discussion).
595 Set the Git namespace. See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more
596 details. Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment
600 Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR
601 environment is not set, it is set to the current working
604 --no-replace-objects::
605 Do not use replacement refs to replace Git objects. See
606 linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
608 --literal-pathspecs::
609 Treat pathspecs literally (i.e. no globbing, no pathspec magic).
610 This is equivalent to setting the `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS` environment
614 Add "glob" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
615 the `GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Disabling
616 globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
620 Add "literal" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
621 the `GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Enabling
622 globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec
626 Add "icase" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting
627 the `GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`.
632 We divide Git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
633 ("plumbing") commands.
635 High-level commands (porcelain)
636 -------------------------------
638 We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
639 ancillary user utilities.
641 Main porcelain commands
642 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
644 include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
650 include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
654 include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
657 Interacting with Others
658 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
660 These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
661 people via patch over e-mail.
663 include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
666 Low-level commands (plumbing)
667 -----------------------------
669 Although Git includes its
670 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
671 development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
672 might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
673 linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
675 The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
676 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
677 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
678 primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
679 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
682 The following description divides
683 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
684 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
685 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
689 Manipulation commands
690 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
692 include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
695 Interrogation commands
696 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
698 include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
700 In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
704 Synching repositories
705 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
707 include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
709 The following are helper commands used by the above; end users
710 typically do not use them directly.
712 include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
715 Internal helper commands
716 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
718 These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
719 users typically do not use them directly.
721 include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
724 Configuration Mechanism
725 -----------------------
727 Git uses a simple text format to store customizations that are per
728 repository and are per user. Such a configuration file may look
733 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
738 ; Don't trust file modes
743 name = "Junio C Hamano"
744 email = "gitster@pobox.com"
748 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
749 their operation accordingly. See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
750 list and more details about the configuration mechanism.
753 Identifier Terminology
754 ----------------------
756 Indicates the object name for any type of object.
759 Indicates a blob object name.
762 Indicates a tree object name.
765 Indicates a commit object name.
768 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A
769 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
770 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
771 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
774 Indicates a commit or tag object name. A
775 command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to
776 operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences
777 <tag> objects that point at a <commit>.
780 Indicates that an object type is required.
781 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
784 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
785 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes.
789 Any Git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
793 indicates the head of the current branch.
797 (i.e. a `refs/tags/<tag>` reference).
801 (i.e. a `refs/heads/<head>` reference).
803 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
804 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
807 File/Directory Structure
808 ------------------------
810 Please see the linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] document.
812 Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about each hook.
814 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
820 Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7].
823 Environment Variables
824 ---------------------
825 Various Git commands use the following environment variables:
829 These environment variables apply to 'all' core Git commands. Nb: it
830 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
831 Git so take care if using a foreign front-end.
834 This environment allows the specification of an alternate
835 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
838 `GIT_INDEX_VERSION`::
839 This environment variable allows the specification of an index
840 version for new repositories. It won't affect existing index
841 files. By default index file version 2 or 3 is used. See
842 linkgit:git-update-index[1] for more information.
844 `GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY`::
845 If the object storage directory is specified via this
846 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
847 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
850 `GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES`::
851 Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be
852 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
853 specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list
854 of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git
855 objects. New objects will not be written to these directories.
858 If the `GIT_DIR` environment variable is set then it
859 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
860 for the base of the repository.
861 The `--git-dir` command-line option also sets this value.
864 Set the path to the root of the working tree.
865 This can also be controlled by the `--work-tree` command-line
866 option and the core.worktree configuration variable.
869 Set the Git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details.
870 The `--namespace` command-line option also sets this value.
872 `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES`::
873 This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths. If
874 set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up
875 into while looking for a repository directory (useful for
876 excluding slow-loading network directories). It will not
877 exclude the current working directory or a GIT_DIR set on the
878 command line or in the environment. Normally, Git has to read
879 the entries in this list and resolve any symlink that
880 might be present in order to compare them with the current
881 directory. However, if even this access is slow, you
882 can add an empty entry to the list to tell Git that the
883 subsequent entries are not symlinks and needn't be resolved;
885 `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=/maybe/symlink::/very/slow/non/symlink`.
887 `GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM`::
888 When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository
889 directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent
890 directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it
891 does not cross filesystem boundaries. This environment variable
892 can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem
893 boundaries. Like `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES`, this will not affect
894 an explicit repository directory set via `GIT_DIR` or on the
898 If this variable is set to a path, non-worktree files that are
899 normally in $GIT_DIR will be taken from this path
900 instead. Worktree-specific files such as HEAD or index are
901 taken from $GIT_DIR. See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] and
902 linkgit:git-worktree[1] for
903 details. This variable has lower precedence than other path
904 variables such as GIT_INDEX_FILE, GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY...
911 `GIT_COMMITTER_NAME`::
912 `GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL`::
913 `GIT_COMMITTER_DATE`::
915 see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]
920 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
921 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
922 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
923 value passed on the Git diff command line.
925 `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF`::
926 When the environment variable `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is set, the
927 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
928 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
929 `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called with 7 parameters:
931 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
935 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
936 contents of <old|new>,
937 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA-1 hashes,
938 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
940 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
941 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
942 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
943 index). `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` should not worry about unlinking the
944 temporary file --- it is removed when `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` exits.
946 For a path that is unmerged, `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called with 1
949 For each path `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called, two environment variables,
950 `GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER` and `GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL` are set.
952 `GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER`::
953 A 1-based counter incremented by one for every path.
955 `GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL`::
956 The total number of paths.
960 `GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY`::
961 A number controlling the amount of output shown by
962 the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity.
963 See linkgit:git-merge[1]
966 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set
967 to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch
968 a pager. See also the `core.pager` option in
969 linkgit:git-config[1].
972 This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`.
973 It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode,
974 an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1]
975 and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1].
979 If either of these environment variables is set then 'git fetch'
980 and 'git push' will use the specified command instead of 'ssh'
981 when they need to connect to a remote system.
982 The command will be given exactly two or four arguments: the
983 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the shell
984 command to execute on that remote system, optionally preceded by
985 `-p` (literally) and the 'port' from the URL when it specifies
986 something other than the default SSH port.
988 `$GIT_SSH_COMMAND` takes precedence over `$GIT_SSH`, and is interpreted
989 by the shell, which allows additional arguments to be included.
990 `$GIT_SSH` on the other hand must be just the path to a program
991 (which can be a wrapper shell script, if additional arguments are
994 Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your
995 personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation
999 If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to
1000 acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)
1001 will call this program with a suitable prompt as command-line argument
1002 and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the `core.askPass`
1003 option in linkgit:git-config[1].
1005 `GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT`::
1006 If this environment variable is set to `0`, git will not prompt
1007 on the terminal (e.g., when asking for HTTP authentication).
1009 `GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM`::
1010 Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide
1011 `$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file. This environment variable can
1012 be used along with `$HOME` and `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` to create a
1013 predictable environment for a picky script, or you can set it
1014 temporarily to avoid using a buggy `/etc/gitconfig` file while
1015 waiting for someone with sufficient permissions to fix it.
1018 If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such
1019 as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',
1020 'git check-attr' and 'git check-ignore' will
1021 force a flush of the output stream after each record have been
1023 variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done
1024 using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is
1025 not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing
1026 based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.
1029 Enables general trace messages, e.g. alias expansion, built-in
1030 command execution and external command execution.
1032 If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
1033 is case insensitive), trace messages will be printed to
1036 If the variable is set to an integer value greater than 2
1037 and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this
1038 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
1039 trace messages into this file descriptor.
1041 Alternatively, if the variable is set to an absolute path
1042 (starting with a '/' character), Git will interpret this
1043 as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
1046 Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or
1047 "false" (case insensitive) disables trace messages.
1049 `GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS`::
1050 Enables trace messages for all accesses to any packs. For each
1051 access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is
1052 recorded. This may be helpful for troubleshooting some
1053 pack-related performance problems.
1054 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
1056 `GIT_TRACE_PACKET`::
1057 Enables trace messages for all packets coming in or out of a
1058 given program. This can help with debugging object negotiation
1059 or other protocol issues. Tracing is turned off at a packet
1060 starting with "PACK" (but see `GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE` below).
1061 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
1063 `GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE`::
1064 Enables tracing of packfiles sent or received by a
1065 given program. Unlike other trace output, this trace is
1066 verbatim: no headers, and no quoting of binary data. You almost
1067 certainly want to direct into a file (e.g.,
1068 `GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE=/tmp/my.pack`) rather than displaying it on
1069 the terminal or mixing it with other trace output.
1071 Note that this is currently only implemented for the client side
1072 of clones and fetches.
1074 `GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE`::
1075 Enables performance related trace messages, e.g. total execution
1076 time of each Git command.
1077 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
1080 Enables trace messages printing the .git, working tree and current
1081 working directory after Git has completed its setup phase.
1082 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
1084 `GIT_TRACE_SHALLOW`::
1085 Enables trace messages that can help debugging fetching /
1086 cloning of shallow repositories.
1087 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.
1089 `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS`::
1090 Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
1091 pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example,
1092 running `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'` will search
1093 for commits that touch the path `*.c`, not any paths that the
1094 glob `*.c` matches. You might want this if you are feeding
1095 literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by
1096 `git ls-tree`, `--raw` diff output, etc).
1098 `GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS`::
1099 Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
1100 pathspecs as glob patterns (aka "glob" magic).
1102 `GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS`::
1103 Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
1104 pathspecs as literal (aka "literal" magic).
1106 `GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS`::
1107 Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all
1108 pathspecs as case-insensitive.
1110 `GIT_REFLOG_ACTION`::
1111 When a ref is updated, reflog entries are created to keep
1112 track of the reason why the ref was updated (which is
1113 typically the name of the high-level command that updated
1114 the ref), in addition to the old and new values of the ref.
1115 A scripted Porcelain command can use set_reflog_action
1116 helper function in `git-sh-setup` to set its name to this
1117 variable when it is invoked as the top level command by the
1118 end user, to be recorded in the body of the reflog.
1120 `GIT_REF_PARANOIA`::
1121 If set to `1`, include broken or badly named refs when iterating
1122 over lists of refs. In a normal, non-corrupted repository, this
1123 does nothing. However, enabling it may help git to detect and
1124 abort some operations in the presence of broken refs. Git sets
1125 this variable automatically when performing destructive
1126 operations like linkgit:git-prune[1]. You should not need to set
1127 it yourself unless you want to be paranoid about making sure
1128 an operation has touched every ref (e.g., because you are
1129 cloning a repository to make a backup).
1131 `GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL`::
1132 If set, provide a colon-separated list of protocols which are
1133 allowed to be used with fetch/push/clone. This is useful to
1134 restrict recursive submodule initialization from an untrusted
1135 repository. Any protocol not mentioned will be disallowed (i.e.,
1136 this is a whitelist, not a blacklist). If the variable is not
1137 set at all, all protocols are enabled. The protocol names
1138 currently used by git are:
1140 - `file`: any local file-based path (including `file://` URLs,
1143 - `git`: the anonymous git protocol over a direct TCP
1144 connection (or proxy, if configured)
1146 - `ssh`: git over ssh (including `host:path` syntax,
1149 - `http`: git over http, both "smart http" and "dumb http".
1150 Note that this does _not_ include `https`; if you want both,
1151 you should specify both as `http:https`.
1153 - any external helpers are named by their protocol (e.g., use
1154 `hg` to allow the `git-remote-hg` helper)
1157 Discussion[[Discussion]]
1158 ------------------------
1160 More detail on the following is available from the
1161 link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
1162 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].
1164 A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"
1165 subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other
1166 things, a compressed object database representing the complete history
1167 of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current
1168 contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such
1169 as tags and branch heads.
1171 The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which
1172 hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up
1173 directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree
1174 and some number of parent commits.
1176 The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or
1177 "version", represents a step in the project's history, and each parent
1178 represents an immediately preceding step. Commits with more than one
1179 parent represent merges of independent lines of development.
1181 All objects are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, normally
1182 written as a string of 40 hex digits. Such names are globally unique.
1183 The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing
1184 just that commit. A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this
1187 When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for
1188 efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".
1190 Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history. A ref
1191 may contain the SHA-1 name of an object or the name of another ref. Refs
1192 with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA-1 name of the most
1193 recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development. SHA-1 names of
1194 tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`. A special ref named
1195 `HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.
1197 The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each
1198 path, a blob object and a set of attributes. The blob object represents
1199 the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch. The
1200 attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the
1201 corresponding file in the working tree. Subsequent changes to the
1202 working tree can be found by comparing these attributes. The index may
1203 be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the
1204 content stored in the index.
1206 The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")
1207 for a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various
1208 unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.
1210 FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
1211 ---------------------
1213 See the references in the "description" section to get started
1214 using Git. The following is probably more detail than necessary
1215 for a first-time user.
1217 The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the
1218 user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
1219 introductions to the underlying Git architecture.
1221 See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
1223 See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
1226 The internals are documented in the
1227 link:technical/api-index.html[Git API documentation].
1229 Users migrating from CVS may also want to
1230 read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].
1235 Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio
1236 C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the Git mailing list
1237 <git@vger.kernel.org>. http://www.openhub.net/p/git/contributors/summary
1238 gives you a more complete list of contributors.
1240 If you have a clone of git.git itself, the
1241 output of linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1] can show you
1242 the authors for specific parts of the project.
1247 Report bugs to the Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org> where the
1248 development and maintenance is primarily done. You do not have to be
1249 subscribed to the list to send a message there.
1253 linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],
1254 linkgit:giteveryday[7], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],
1255 linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],
1256 linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual],
1257 linkgit:gitworkflows[7]
1261 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite