6 git-rev-list - Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
12 'git-rev-list' [ \--max-count=number ]
14 [ \--max-age=timestamp ]
15 [ \--min-age=timestamp ]
24 [ \--encoding[=<encoding>] ]
25 [ \--(author|committer|grep)=<pattern> ]
26 [ [\--objects | \--objects-edge] [ \--unpacked ] ]
27 [ \--pretty | \--header ]
33 <commit>... [ \-- <paths>... ]
38 Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order starting at the
39 given commit(s), taking ancestry relationship into account. This is
40 useful to produce human-readable log output.
42 Commits which are stated with a preceding '{caret}' cause listing to
43 stop at that point. Their parents are implied. Thus the following
46 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
47 $ git-rev-list foo bar ^baz
48 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
50 means "list all the commits which are included in 'foo' and 'bar', but
53 A special notation "'<commit1>'..'<commit2>'" can be used as a
54 short-hand for "{caret}'<commit1>' '<commit2>'". For example, either of
55 the following may be used interchangeably:
57 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
58 $ git-rev-list origin..HEAD
59 $ git-rev-list HEAD ^origin
60 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
62 Another special notation is "'<commit1>'...'<commit2>'" which is useful
63 for merges. The resulting set of commits is the symmetric difference
64 between the two operands. The following two commands are equivalent:
66 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
67 $ git-rev-list A B --not $(git-merge-base --all A B)
69 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
71 gitlink:git-rev-list[1] is a very essential git program, since it
72 provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For
73 this reason, it has a lot of different options that enables it to be
74 used by commands as different as gitlink:git-bisect[1] and
75 gitlink:git-repack[1].
83 Using these options, gitlink:git-rev-list[1] will act similar to the
84 more specialized family of commit log tools: gitlink:git-log[1],
85 gitlink:git-show[1], and gitlink:git-whatchanged[1]
87 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
91 Show dates relative to the current time, e.g. "2 hours ago".
92 Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such
93 as when using "--pretty".
97 Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is
98 separated with a NUL character.
102 Print the parents of the commit.
107 Below are listed options that control the formatting of diff output.
108 Some of them are specific to gitlink:git-rev-list[1], however other diff
109 options may be given. See gitlink:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
113 This flag changes the way a merge commit is displayed. It shows
114 the differences from each of the parents to the merge result
115 simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent
116 and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files
117 which were modified from all parents.
121 This flag implies the '-c' options and further compresses the
122 patch output by omitting hunks that show differences from only
123 one parent, or show the same change from all but one parent for
128 Show recursive diffs.
132 Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies '-r'.
137 Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the
138 special notations explained in the description, additional commit
139 limiting may be applied.
143 -n 'number', --max-count='number'::
145 Limit the number of commits output.
149 Skip 'number' commits before starting to show the commit output.
151 --since='date', --after='date'::
153 Show commits more recent than a specific date.
155 --until='date', --before='date'::
157 Show commits older than a specific date.
159 --max-age='timestamp', --min-age='timestamp'::
161 Limit the commits output to specified time range.
163 --author='pattern', --committer='pattern'::
165 Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer
166 header lines that match the specified pattern.
170 Limit the commits output to ones with log message that
171 matches the specified pattern.
175 Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.
179 Do not print commits with more than one parent.
183 Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof)
184 for all following revision specifiers, up to the next '--not'.
188 Pretend as if all the refs in `$GIT_DIR/refs/` are listed on the
189 command line as '<commit>'.
193 In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command
194 line, read them from the standard input.
198 Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk
199 reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones.
200 When this option is used you cannot specify commits to
201 exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2',
202 nor 'commit1...commit2' notations cannot be used).
204 With '\--pretty' format other than oneline (for obvious reasons),
205 this causes the output to have two extra lines of information
206 taken from the reflog. By default, 'commit@{Nth}' notation is
207 used in the output. When the starting commit is specified as
208 'commit@{now}', output also uses 'commit@{timestamp}' notation
209 instead. Under '\--pretty=oneline', the commit message is
210 prefixed with this information on the same line.
214 After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a
215 conflict and don't exist on all heads to merge.
219 Output uninteresting commits at the boundary, which are usually
224 When optional paths are given, the default behaviour ('--dense') is to
225 only output commits that changes at least one of them, and also ignore
226 merges that do not touch the given paths.
228 Use the '--sparse' flag to makes the command output all eligible commits
229 (still subject to count and age limitation), but apply merge
230 simplification nevertheless.
234 Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between
235 the included and excluded commits. Thus, if
237 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
238 $ git-rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz
239 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
241 outputs 'midpoint', the output of the two commands
243 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
244 $ git-rev-list foo ^midpoint
245 $ git-rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz
246 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
248 would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which
249 introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly
250 generate and test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length
255 This calculates the same as `--bisect`, but outputs text ready
256 to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the name of
257 the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the
258 expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is
259 tested to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be
260 tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`,
261 the expected number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev`
262 turns out to be bad to `bisect_bad`, and the number of commits
263 we are bisecting right now to `bisect_all`.
270 By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order.
274 This option makes them appear in topological order (i.e.
275 descendant commits are shown before their parents).
279 This option is similar to '--topo-order' in the sense that no
280 parent comes before all of its children, but otherwise things
281 are still ordered in the commit timestamp order.
285 Output the commits in reverse order.
290 These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories.
294 Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed
295 commits. 'git-rev-list --objects foo ^bar' thus means "send me
296 all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit
297 object 'bar', but not 'foo'".
301 Similar to '--objects', but also print the IDs of excluded
302 commits prefixed with a "-" character. This is used by
303 gitlink:git-pack-objects[1] to build "thin" pack, which records
304 objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these
305 excluded commits to reduce network traffic.
309 Only useful with '--objects'; print the object IDs that are not
314 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
318 Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano, Jonas Fonseca
319 and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
323 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite