6 git-rev-list - Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order
12 'git-rev-list' [ \--max-count=number ]
14 [ \--max-age=timestamp ]
15 [ \--min-age=timestamp ]
25 [ \--encoding[=<encoding>] ]
26 [ \--(author|committer|grep)=<pattern> ]
27 [ [\--objects | \--objects-edge] [ \--unpacked ] ]
28 [ \--pretty | \--header ]
34 <commit>... [ \-- <paths>... ]
39 Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order starting at the
40 given commit(s), taking ancestry relationship into account. This is
41 useful to produce human-readable log output.
43 Commits which are stated with a preceding '{caret}' cause listing to
44 stop at that point. Their parents are implied. Thus the following
47 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
48 $ git-rev-list foo bar ^baz
49 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
51 means "list all the commits which are included in 'foo' and 'bar', but
54 A special notation "'<commit1>'..'<commit2>'" can be used as a
55 short-hand for "{caret}'<commit1>' '<commit2>'". For example, either of
56 the following may be used interchangeably:
58 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
59 $ git-rev-list origin..HEAD
60 $ git-rev-list HEAD ^origin
61 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
63 Another special notation is "'<commit1>'...'<commit2>'" which is useful
64 for merges. The resulting set of commits is the symmetric difference
65 between the two operands. The following two commands are equivalent:
67 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
68 $ git-rev-list A B --not $(git-merge-base --all A B)
70 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
72 gitlink:git-rev-list[1] is a very essential git program, since it
73 provides the ability to build and traverse commit ancestry graphs. For
74 this reason, it has a lot of different options that enables it to be
75 used by commands as different as gitlink:git-bisect[1] and
76 gitlink:git-repack[1].
84 Using these options, gitlink:git-rev-list[1] will act similar to the
85 more specialized family of commit log tools: gitlink:git-log[1],
86 gitlink:git-show[1], and gitlink:git-whatchanged[1]
88 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
92 Show dates relative to the current time, e.g. "2 hours ago".
93 Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such
94 as when using "--pretty".
98 Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is
99 separated with a NUL character.
103 Print the parents of the commit.
107 Mark which side of a symmetric diff a commit is reachable from.
108 Commits from the left side are prefixed with `<` and those from
109 the right with `>`. If combined with `--boundary`, those
110 commits are prefixed with `-`.
112 For example, if you have this topology:
114 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
119 o---x---a---a branch A
120 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
122 you would get an output line this:
124 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
125 $ git rev-list --left-right --boundary --pretty=oneline A...B
133 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
138 Below are listed options that control the formatting of diff output.
139 Some of them are specific to gitlink:git-rev-list[1], however other diff
140 options may be given. See gitlink:git-diff-files[1] for more options.
144 This flag changes the way a merge commit is displayed. It shows
145 the differences from each of the parents to the merge result
146 simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent
147 and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files
148 which were modified from all parents.
152 This flag implies the '-c' options and further compresses the
153 patch output by omitting hunks that show differences from only
154 one parent, or show the same change from all but one parent for
159 Show recursive diffs.
163 Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies '-r'.
168 Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the
169 special notations explained in the description, additional commit
170 limiting may be applied.
174 -n 'number', --max-count='number'::
176 Limit the number of commits output.
180 Skip 'number' commits before starting to show the commit output.
182 --since='date', --after='date'::
184 Show commits more recent than a specific date.
186 --until='date', --before='date'::
188 Show commits older than a specific date.
190 --max-age='timestamp', --min-age='timestamp'::
192 Limit the commits output to specified time range.
194 --author='pattern', --committer='pattern'::
196 Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer
197 header lines that match the specified pattern.
201 Limit the commits output to ones with log message that
202 matches the specified pattern.
206 Stop when a given path disappears from the tree.
210 Do not print commits with more than one parent.
214 Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof)
215 for all following revision specifiers, up to the next '--not'.
219 Pretend as if all the refs in `$GIT_DIR/refs/` are listed on the
220 command line as '<commit>'.
224 In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command
225 line, read them from the standard input.
229 Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk
230 reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones.
231 When this option is used you cannot specify commits to
232 exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2',
233 nor 'commit1...commit2' notations cannot be used).
235 With '\--pretty' format other than oneline (for obvious reasons),
236 this causes the output to have two extra lines of information
237 taken from the reflog. By default, 'commit@{Nth}' notation is
238 used in the output. When the starting commit is specified as
239 'commit@{now}', output also uses 'commit@{timestamp}' notation
240 instead. Under '\--pretty=oneline', the commit message is
241 prefixed with this information on the same line.
245 After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a
246 conflict and don't exist on all heads to merge.
250 Output uninteresting commits at the boundary, which are usually
255 When optional paths are given, the default behaviour ('--dense') is to
256 only output commits that changes at least one of them, and also ignore
257 merges that do not touch the given paths.
259 Use the '--sparse' flag to makes the command output all eligible commits
260 (still subject to count and age limitation), but apply merge
261 simplification nevertheless.
265 Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between
266 the included and excluded commits. Thus, if
268 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
269 $ git-rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz
270 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
272 outputs 'midpoint', the output of the two commands
274 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
275 $ git-rev-list foo ^midpoint
276 $ git-rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz
277 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
279 would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which
280 introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly
281 generate and test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length
286 This calculates the same as `--bisect`, but outputs text ready
287 to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the name of
288 the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the
289 expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is
290 tested to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be
291 tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`,
292 the expected number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev`
293 turns out to be bad to `bisect_bad`, and the number of commits
294 we are bisecting right now to `bisect_all`.
301 By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order.
305 This option makes them appear in topological order (i.e.
306 descendant commits are shown before their parents).
310 This option is similar to '--topo-order' in the sense that no
311 parent comes before all of its children, but otherwise things
312 are still ordered in the commit timestamp order.
316 Output the commits in reverse order.
321 These options are mostly targeted for packing of git repositories.
325 Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed
326 commits. 'git-rev-list --objects foo ^bar' thus means "send me
327 all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit
328 object 'bar', but not 'foo'".
332 Similar to '--objects', but also print the IDs of excluded
333 commits prefixed with a "-" character. This is used by
334 gitlink:git-pack-objects[1] to build "thin" pack, which records
335 objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these
336 excluded commits to reduce network traffic.
340 Only useful with '--objects'; print the object IDs that are not
345 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
349 Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano, Jonas Fonseca
350 and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
354 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite