1 git-interpret-trailers(1)
2 =========================
6 git-interpret-trailers - help add structured information into commit messages
11 'git interpret-trailers' [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]
15 Help adding 'trailers' lines, that look similar to RFC 822 e-mail
16 headers, at the end of the otherwise free-form part of a commit
19 This command reads some patches or commit messages from either the
20 <file> arguments or the standard input if no <file> is specified. Then
21 this command applies the arguments passed using the `--trailer`
22 option, if any, to the commit message part of each input file. The
23 result is emitted on the standard output.
25 Some configuration variables control the way the `--trailer` arguments
26 are applied to each commit message and the way any existing trailer in
27 the commit message is changed. They also make it possible to
28 automatically add some trailers.
30 By default, a '<token>=<value>' or '<token>:<value>' argument given
31 using `--trailer` will be appended after the existing trailers only if
32 the last trailer has a different (<token>, <value>) pair (or if there
33 is no existing trailer). The <token> and <value> parts will be trimmed
34 to remove starting and trailing whitespace, and the resulting trimmed
35 <token> and <value> will appear in the message like this:
37 ------------------------------------------------
39 ------------------------------------------------
41 This means that the trimmed <token> and <value> will be separated by
42 `': '` (one colon followed by one space).
44 By default the new trailer will appear at the end of all the existing
45 trailers. If there is no existing trailer, the new trailer will appear
46 after the commit message part of the output, and, if there is no line
47 with only spaces at the end of the commit message part, one blank line
48 will be added before the new trailer.
50 Existing trailers are extracted from the input message by looking for
51 a group of one or more lines that contain a colon (by default), where
52 the group is preceded by one or more empty (or whitespace-only) lines.
53 The group must either be at the end of the message or be the last
54 non-whitespace lines before a line that starts with '---'. Such three
55 minus signs start the patch part of the message.
57 When reading trailers, there can be whitespaces before and after the
58 token, the separator and the value. There can also be whitespaces
59 inside the token and the value.
61 Note that 'trailers' do not follow and are not intended to follow many
62 rules for RFC 822 headers. For example they do not follow the line
63 folding rules, the encoding rules and probably many other rules.
68 If the <value> part of any trailer contains only whitespace,
69 the whole trailer will be removed from the resulting message.
70 This applies to existing trailers as well as new trailers.
72 --trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>]::
73 Specify a (<token>, <value>) pair that should be applied as a
74 trailer to the input messages. See the description of this
77 CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
78 -----------------------
81 This option tells which characters are recognized as trailer
82 separators. By default only ':' is recognized as a trailer
83 separator, except that '=' is always accepted on the command
84 line for compatibility with other git commands.
86 The first character given by this option will be the default character
87 used when another separator is not specified in the config for this
90 For example, if the value for this option is "%=$", then only lines
91 using the format '<token><sep><value>' with <sep> containing '%', '='
92 or '$' and then spaces will be considered trailers. And '%' will be
93 the default separator used, so by default trailers will appear like:
94 '<token>% <value>' (one percent sign and one space will appear between
95 the token and the value).
98 This option tells where a new trailer will be added.
100 This can be `end`, which is the default, `start`, `after` or `before`.
102 If it is `end`, then each new trailer will appear at the end of the
105 If it is `start`, then each new trailer will appear at the start,
106 instead of the end, of the existing trailers.
108 If it is `after`, then each new trailer will appear just after the
109 last trailer with the same <token>.
111 If it is `before`, then each new trailer will appear just before the
112 first trailer with the same <token>.
115 This option makes it possible to choose what action will be
116 performed when there is already at least one trailer with the
117 same <token> in the message.
119 The valid values for this option are: `addIfDifferentNeighbor` (this
120 is the default), `addIfDifferent`, `add`, `overwrite` or `doNothing`.
122 With `addIfDifferentNeighbor`, a new trailer will be added only if no
123 trailer with the same (<token>, <value>) pair is above or below the line
124 where the new trailer will be added.
126 With `addIfDifferent`, a new trailer will be added only if no trailer
127 with the same (<token>, <value>) pair is already in the message.
129 With `add`, a new trailer will be added, even if some trailers with
130 the same (<token>, <value>) pair are already in the message.
132 With `replace`, an existing trailer with the same <token> will be
133 deleted and the new trailer will be added. The deleted trailer will be
134 the closest one (with the same <token>) to the place where the new one
137 With `doNothing`, nothing will be done; that is no new trailer will be
138 added if there is already one with the same <token> in the message.
141 This option makes it possible to choose what action will be
142 performed when there is not yet any trailer with the same
143 <token> in the message.
145 The valid values for this option are: `add` (this is the default) and
148 With `add`, a new trailer will be added.
150 With `doNothing`, nothing will be done.
152 trailer.<token>.key::
153 This `key` will be used instead of <token> in the trailer. At
154 the end of this key, a separator can appear and then some
155 space characters. By default the only valid separator is ':',
156 but this can be changed using the `trailer.separators` config
159 If there is a separator, then the key will be used instead of both the
160 <token> and the default separator when adding the trailer.
162 trailer.<token>.where::
163 This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.where'
164 configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
165 that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
167 trailer.<token>.ifexist::
168 This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.ifexist'
169 configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
170 that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
172 trailer.<token>.ifmissing::
173 This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.ifmissing'
174 configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
175 that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
177 trailer.<token>.command::
178 This option can be used to specify a shell command that will
179 be called to automatically add or modify a trailer with the
182 When this option is specified, the behavior is as if a special
183 '<token>=<value>' argument were added at the beginning of the command
184 line, where <value> is taken to be the standard output of the
185 specified command with any leading and trailing whitespace trimmed
188 If the command contains the `$ARG` string, this string will be
189 replaced with the <value> part of an existing trailer with the same
190 <token>, if any, before the command is launched.
192 If some '<token>=<value>' arguments are also passed on the command
193 line, when a 'trailer.<token>.command' is configured, the command will
194 also be executed for each of these arguments. And the <value> part of
195 these arguments, if any, will be used to replace the `$ARG` string in
201 * Configure a 'sign' trailer with a 'Signed-off-by' key, and then
202 add two of these trailers to a message:
205 $ git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by"
210 $ cat msg.txt | git interpret-trailers --trailer 'sign: Alice <alice@example.com>' --trailer 'sign: Bob <bob@example.com>'
215 Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
216 Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
219 * Extract the last commit as a patch, and add a 'Cc' and a
220 'Reviewed-by' trailer to it:
223 $ git format-patch -1
225 $ git interpret-trailers --trailer 'Cc: Alice <alice@example.com>' --trailer 'Reviewed-by: Bob <bob@example.com>' 0001-foo.patch >0001-bar.patch
228 * Configure a 'sign' trailer with a command to automatically add a
229 'Signed-off-by: ' with the author information only if there is no
230 'Signed-off-by: ' already, and show how it works:
233 $ git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by: "
234 $ git config trailer.sign.ifmissing add
235 $ git config trailer.sign.ifexists doNothing
236 $ git config trailer.sign.command 'echo "$(git config user.name) <$(git config user.email)>"'
237 $ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
240 Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
241 $ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
242 > Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
245 Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
248 * Configure a 'fix' trailer with a key that contains a '#' and no
249 space after this character, and show how it works:
252 $ git config trailer.separators ":#"
253 $ git config trailer.fix.key "Fix #"
254 $ echo "subject" | git interpret-trailers --trailer fix=42
260 * Configure a 'see' trailer with a command to show the subject of a
261 commit that is related, and show how it works:
264 $ git config trailer.see.key "See-also: "
265 $ git config trailer.see.ifExists "replace"
266 $ git config trailer.see.ifMissing "doNothing"
267 $ git config trailer.see.command "git log -1 --oneline --format=\"%h (%s)\" --abbrev-commit --abbrev=14 \$ARG"
268 $ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
279 See-also: fe3187489d69c4 (subject of related commit)
282 * Configure a commit template with some trailers with empty values
283 (using sed to show and keep the trailing spaces at the end of the
284 trailers), then configure a commit-msg hook that uses
285 'git interpret-trailers' to remove trailers with empty values and
286 to add a 'git-version' trailer:
289 $ sed -e 's/ Z$/ /' >commit_template.txt <<EOF
299 $ git config commit.template commit_template.txt
300 $ cat >.git/hooks/commit-msg <<EOF
302 > git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "git-version: \$(git describe)" "\$1" > "\$1.new"
305 $ chmod +x .git/hooks/commit-msg
310 linkgit:git-commit[1], linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
314 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite