5 * strbuf's are meant to be used with all the usual C string and memory
6 * APIs. Given that the length of the buffer is known, it's often better to
7 * use the mem* functions than a str* one (memchr vs. strchr e.g.).
8 * Though, one has to be careful about the fact that str* functions often
9 * stop on NULs and that strbufs may have embedded NULs.
11 * A strbuf is NUL terminated for convenience, but no function in the
12 * strbuf API actually relies on the string being free of NULs.
14 * strbufs have some invariants that are very important to keep in mind:
16 * - The `buf` member is never NULL, so it can be used in any usual C
17 * string operations safely. strbuf's _have_ to be initialized either by
18 * `strbuf_init()` or by `= STRBUF_INIT` before the invariants, though.
20 * Do *not* assume anything on what `buf` really is (e.g. if it is
21 * allocated memory or not), use `strbuf_detach()` to unwrap a memory
22 * buffer from its strbuf shell in a safe way. That is the sole supported
23 * way. This will give you a malloced buffer that you can later `free()`.
25 * However, it is totally safe to modify anything in the string pointed by
26 * the `buf` member, between the indices `0` and `len-1` (inclusive).
28 * - The `buf` member is a byte array that has at least `len + 1` bytes
29 * allocated. The extra byte is used to store a `'\0'`, allowing the
30 * `buf` member to be a valid C-string. Every strbuf function ensure this
31 * invariant is preserved.
33 * NOTE: It is OK to "play" with the buffer directly if you work it this
36 * strbuf_grow(sb, SOME_SIZE); <1>
37 * strbuf_setlen(sb, sb->len + SOME_OTHER_SIZE);
39 * <1> Here, the memory array starting at `sb->buf`, and of length
40 * `strbuf_avail(sb)` is all yours, and you can be sure that
41 * `strbuf_avail(sb)` is at least `SOME_SIZE`.
43 * NOTE: `SOME_OTHER_SIZE` must be smaller or equal to `strbuf_avail(sb)`.
45 * Doing so is safe, though if it has to be done in many places, adding the
46 * missing API to the strbuf module is the way to go.
48 * WARNING: Do _not_ assume that the area that is yours is of size `alloc
49 * - 1` even if it's true in the current implementation. Alloc is somehow a
50 * "private" member that should not be messed with. Use `strbuf_avail()`
60 * This is the string buffer structure. The `len` member can be used to
61 * determine the current length of the string, and `buf` member provides
62 * access to the string itself.
70 extern char strbuf_slopbuf
[];
71 #define STRBUF_INIT { 0, 0, strbuf_slopbuf }
74 * Life Cycle Functions
75 * --------------------
79 * Initialize the structure. The second parameter can be zero or a bigger
80 * number to allocate memory, in case you want to prevent further reallocs.
82 extern void strbuf_init(struct strbuf
*, size_t);
85 * Release a string buffer and the memory it used. You should not use the
86 * string buffer after using this function, unless you initialize it again.
88 extern void strbuf_release(struct strbuf
*);
91 * Detach the string from the strbuf and returns it; you now own the
92 * storage the string occupies and it is your responsibility from then on
93 * to release it with `free(3)` when you are done with it.
95 extern char *strbuf_detach(struct strbuf
*, size_t *);
98 * Attach a string to a buffer. You should specify the string to attach,
99 * the current length of the string and the amount of allocated memory.
100 * The amount must be larger than the string length, because the string you
101 * pass is supposed to be a NUL-terminated string. This string _must_ be
102 * malloc()ed, and after attaching, the pointer cannot be relied upon
103 * anymore, and neither be free()d directly.
105 extern void strbuf_attach(struct strbuf
*, void *, size_t, size_t);
108 * Swap the contents of two string buffers.
110 static inline void strbuf_swap(struct strbuf
*a
, struct strbuf
*b
)
112 struct strbuf tmp
= *a
;
119 * Functions related to the size of the buffer
120 * -------------------------------------------
124 * Determine the amount of allocated but unused memory.
126 static inline size_t strbuf_avail(const struct strbuf
*sb
)
128 return sb
->alloc
? sb
->alloc
- sb
->len
- 1 : 0;
132 * Ensure that at least this amount of unused memory is available after
133 * `len`. This is used when you know a typical size for what you will add
134 * and want to avoid repetitive automatic resizing of the underlying buffer.
135 * This is never a needed operation, but can be critical for performance in
138 extern void strbuf_grow(struct strbuf
*, size_t);
141 * Set the length of the buffer to a given value. This function does *not*
142 * allocate new memory, so you should not perform a `strbuf_setlen()` to a
143 * length that is larger than `len + strbuf_avail()`. `strbuf_setlen()` is
144 * just meant as a 'please fix invariants from this strbuf I just messed
147 static inline void strbuf_setlen(struct strbuf
*sb
, size_t len
)
149 if (len
> (sb
->alloc
? sb
->alloc
- 1 : 0))
150 die("BUG: strbuf_setlen() beyond buffer");
156 * Empty the buffer by setting the size of it to zero.
158 #define strbuf_reset(sb) strbuf_setlen(sb, 0)
162 * Functions related to the contents of the buffer
163 * -----------------------------------------------
167 * Strip whitespace from the beginning (`ltrim`), end (`rtrim`), or both side
168 * (`trim`) of a string.
170 extern void strbuf_trim(struct strbuf
*);
171 extern void strbuf_rtrim(struct strbuf
*);
172 extern void strbuf_ltrim(struct strbuf
*);
175 * Replace the contents of the strbuf with a reencoded form. Returns -1
176 * on error, 0 on success.
178 extern int strbuf_reencode(struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *from
, const char *to
);
181 * Lowercase each character in the buffer using `tolower`.
183 extern void strbuf_tolower(struct strbuf
*sb
);
186 * Compare two buffers. Returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater
187 * than zero if the first buffer is found, respectively, to be less than,
188 * to match, or be greater than the second buffer.
190 extern int strbuf_cmp(const struct strbuf
*, const struct strbuf
*);
194 * Adding data to the buffer
195 * -------------------------
197 * NOTE: All of the functions in this section will grow the buffer as
198 * necessary. If they fail for some reason other than memory shortage and the
199 * buffer hadn't been allocated before (i.e. the `struct strbuf` was set to
200 * `STRBUF_INIT`), then they will free() it.
204 * Add a single character to the buffer.
206 static inline void strbuf_addch(struct strbuf
*sb
, int c
)
208 if (!strbuf_avail(sb
))
210 sb
->buf
[sb
->len
++] = c
;
211 sb
->buf
[sb
->len
] = '\0';
215 * Add a character the specified number of times to the buffer.
217 extern void strbuf_addchars(struct strbuf
*sb
, int c
, size_t n
);
220 * Insert data to the given position of the buffer. The remaining contents
221 * will be shifted, not overwritten.
223 extern void strbuf_insert(struct strbuf
*, size_t pos
, const void *, size_t);
226 * Remove given amount of data from a given position of the buffer.
228 extern void strbuf_remove(struct strbuf
*, size_t pos
, size_t len
);
231 * Remove the bytes between `pos..pos+len` and replace it with the given
234 extern void strbuf_splice(struct strbuf
*, size_t pos
, size_t len
,
235 const void *, size_t);
238 * Add a NUL-terminated string to the buffer. Each line will be prepended
239 * by a comment character and a blank.
241 extern void strbuf_add_commented_lines(struct strbuf
*out
, const char *buf
, size_t size
);
245 * Add data of given length to the buffer.
247 extern void strbuf_add(struct strbuf
*, const void *, size_t);
250 * Add a NUL-terminated string to the buffer.
252 * NOTE: This function will *always* be implemented as an inline or a macro
253 * using strlen, meaning that this is efficient to write things like:
255 * strbuf_addstr(sb, "immediate string");
258 static inline void strbuf_addstr(struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *s
)
260 strbuf_add(sb
, s
, strlen(s
));
264 * Copy the contents of another buffer at the end of the current one.
266 static inline void strbuf_addbuf(struct strbuf
*sb
, const struct strbuf
*sb2
)
268 strbuf_grow(sb
, sb2
->len
);
269 strbuf_add(sb
, sb2
->buf
, sb2
->len
);
273 * Copy part of the buffer from a given position till a given length to the
276 extern void strbuf_adddup(struct strbuf
*sb
, size_t pos
, size_t len
);
279 * This function can be used to expand a format string containing
280 * placeholders. To that end, it parses the string and calls the specified
281 * function for every percent sign found.
283 * The callback function is given a pointer to the character after the `%`
284 * and a pointer to the struct strbuf. It is expected to add the expanded
285 * version of the placeholder to the strbuf, e.g. to add a newline
286 * character if the letter `n` appears after a `%`. The function returns
287 * the length of the placeholder recognized and `strbuf_expand()` skips
290 * The format `%%` is automatically expanded to a single `%` as a quoting
291 * mechanism; callers do not need to handle the `%` placeholder themselves,
292 * and the callback function will not be invoked for this placeholder.
294 * All other characters (non-percent and not skipped ones) are copied
295 * verbatim to the strbuf. If the callback returned zero, meaning that the
296 * placeholder is unknown, then the percent sign is copied, too.
298 * In order to facilitate caching and to make it possible to give
299 * parameters to the callback, `strbuf_expand()` passes a context pointer,
300 * which can be used by the programmer of the callback as she sees fit.
302 typedef size_t (*expand_fn_t
) (struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *placeholder
, void *context
);
303 extern void strbuf_expand(struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *format
, expand_fn_t fn
, void *context
);
306 * Used as callback for `strbuf_expand()`, expects an array of
307 * struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry as context, i.e. pairs of
308 * placeholder and replacement string. The array needs to be
309 * terminated by an entry with placeholder set to NULL.
311 struct strbuf_expand_dict_entry
{
312 const char *placeholder
;
315 extern size_t strbuf_expand_dict_cb(struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *placeholder
, void *context
);
318 * Append the contents of one strbuf to another, quoting any
319 * percent signs ("%") into double-percents ("%%") in the
320 * destination. This is useful for literal data to be fed to either
321 * strbuf_expand or to the *printf family of functions.
323 extern void strbuf_addbuf_percentquote(struct strbuf
*dst
, const struct strbuf
*src
);
326 * Append the given byte size as a human-readable string (i.e. 12.23 KiB,
329 extern void strbuf_humanise_bytes(struct strbuf
*buf
, off_t bytes
);
332 * Add a formatted string to the buffer.
334 __attribute__((format (printf
,2,3)))
335 extern void strbuf_addf(struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *fmt
, ...);
338 * Add a formatted string prepended by a comment character and a
339 * blank to the buffer.
341 __attribute__((format (printf
, 2, 3)))
342 extern void strbuf_commented_addf(struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *fmt
, ...);
344 __attribute__((format (printf
,2,0)))
345 extern void strbuf_vaddf(struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *fmt
, va_list ap
);
348 * Add the time specified by `tm`, as formatted by `strftime`.
350 extern void strbuf_addftime(struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *fmt
, const struct tm
*tm
);
353 * Read a given size of data from a FILE* pointer to the buffer.
355 * NOTE: The buffer is rewound if the read fails. If -1 is returned,
356 * `errno` must be consulted, like you would do for `read(3)`.
357 * `strbuf_read()`, `strbuf_read_file()` and `strbuf_getline()` has the
358 * same behaviour as well.
360 extern size_t strbuf_fread(struct strbuf
*, size_t, FILE *);
363 * Read the contents of a given file descriptor. The third argument can be
364 * used to give a hint about the file size, to avoid reallocs. If read fails,
365 * any partial read is undone.
367 extern ssize_t
strbuf_read(struct strbuf
*, int fd
, size_t hint
);
370 * Read the contents of a file, specified by its path. The third argument
371 * can be used to give a hint about the file size, to avoid reallocs.
373 extern ssize_t
strbuf_read_file(struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *path
, size_t hint
);
376 * Read the target of a symbolic link, specified by its path. The third
377 * argument can be used to give a hint about the size, to avoid reallocs.
379 extern int strbuf_readlink(struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *path
, size_t hint
);
382 * Read a line from a FILE *, overwriting the existing contents
383 * of the strbuf. The second argument specifies the line
384 * terminator character, typically `'\n'`.
385 * Reading stops after the terminator or at EOF. The terminator
386 * is removed from the buffer before returning. Returns 0 unless
387 * there was nothing left before EOF, in which case it returns `EOF`.
389 extern int strbuf_getline(struct strbuf
*, FILE *, int);
392 * Like `strbuf_getline`, but keeps the trailing terminator (if
393 * any) in the buffer.
395 extern int strbuf_getwholeline(struct strbuf
*, FILE *, int);
398 * Like `strbuf_getwholeline`, but operates on a file descriptor.
399 * It reads one character at a time, so it is very slow. Do not
400 * use it unless you need the correct position in the file
403 extern int strbuf_getwholeline_fd(struct strbuf
*, int, int);
406 * Set the buffer to the path of the current working directory.
408 extern int strbuf_getcwd(struct strbuf
*sb
);
411 * Add a path to a buffer, converting a relative path to an
412 * absolute one in the process. Symbolic links are not
415 extern void strbuf_add_absolute_path(struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *path
);
418 * Strip whitespace from a buffer. The second parameter controls if
419 * comments are considered contents to be removed or not.
421 extern void stripspace(struct strbuf
*buf
, int skip_comments
);
423 static inline int strbuf_strip_suffix(struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *suffix
)
425 if (strip_suffix_mem(sb
->buf
, &sb
->len
, suffix
)) {
426 strbuf_setlen(sb
, sb
->len
);
433 * Split str (of length slen) at the specified terminator character.
434 * Return a null-terminated array of pointers to strbuf objects
435 * holding the substrings. The substrings include the terminator,
436 * except for the last substring, which might be unterminated if the
437 * original string did not end with a terminator. If max is positive,
438 * then split the string into at most max substrings (with the last
439 * substring containing everything following the (max-1)th terminator
442 * The most generic form is `strbuf_split_buf`, which takes an arbitrary
443 * pointer/len buffer. The `_str` variant takes a NUL-terminated string,
444 * the `_max` variant takes a strbuf, and just `strbuf_split` is a convenience
445 * wrapper to drop the `max` parameter.
447 * For lighter-weight alternatives, see string_list_split() and
448 * string_list_split_in_place().
450 extern struct strbuf
**strbuf_split_buf(const char *, size_t,
451 int terminator
, int max
);
453 static inline struct strbuf
**strbuf_split_str(const char *str
,
454 int terminator
, int max
)
456 return strbuf_split_buf(str
, strlen(str
), terminator
, max
);
459 static inline struct strbuf
**strbuf_split_max(const struct strbuf
*sb
,
460 int terminator
, int max
)
462 return strbuf_split_buf(sb
->buf
, sb
->len
, terminator
, max
);
465 static inline struct strbuf
**strbuf_split(const struct strbuf
*sb
,
468 return strbuf_split_max(sb
, terminator
, 0);
472 * Free a NULL-terminated list of strbufs (for example, the return
473 * values of the strbuf_split*() functions).
475 extern void strbuf_list_free(struct strbuf
**);
478 * Launch the user preferred editor to edit a file and fill the buffer
479 * with the file's contents upon the user completing their editing. The
480 * third argument can be used to set the environment which the editor is
481 * run in. If the buffer is NULL the editor is launched as usual but the
482 * file's contents are not read into the buffer upon completion.
484 extern int launch_editor(const char *path
, struct strbuf
*buffer
, const char *const *env
);
486 extern void strbuf_add_lines(struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *prefix
, const char *buf
, size_t size
);
489 * Append s to sb, with the characters '<', '>', '&' and '"' converted
492 extern void strbuf_addstr_xml_quoted(struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *s
);
495 * "Complete" the contents of `sb` by ensuring that either it ends with the
496 * character `term`, or it is empty. This can be used, for example,
497 * to ensure that text ends with a newline, but without creating an empty
498 * blank line if there is no content in the first place.
500 static inline void strbuf_complete(struct strbuf
*sb
, char term
)
502 if (sb
->len
&& sb
->buf
[sb
->len
- 1] != term
)
503 strbuf_addch(sb
, term
);
506 static inline void strbuf_complete_line(struct strbuf
*sb
)
508 strbuf_complete(sb
, '\n');
511 extern int strbuf_branchname(struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *name
);
512 extern int strbuf_check_branch_ref(struct strbuf
*sb
, const char *name
);
514 extern void strbuf_addstr_urlencode(struct strbuf
*, const char *,
517 __attribute__((format (printf
,1,2)))
518 extern int printf_ln(const char *fmt
, ...);
519 __attribute__((format (printf
,2,3)))
520 extern int fprintf_ln(FILE *fp
, const char *fmt
, ...);
522 char *xstrdup_tolower(const char *);
525 * Create a newly allocated string using printf format. You can do this easily
526 * with a strbuf, but this provides a shortcut to save a few lines.
528 __attribute__((format (printf
, 1, 0)))
529 char *xstrvfmt(const char *fmt
, va_list ap
);
530 __attribute__((format (printf
, 1, 2)))
531 char *xstrfmt(const char *fmt
, ...);
533 #endif /* STRBUF_H */