4 If the commit is a merge, and if the pretty-format
5 is not 'oneline', 'email' or 'raw', an additional line is
6 inserted before the 'Author:' line. This line begins with
7 "Merge: " and the sha1s of ancestral commits are printed,
8 separated by spaces. Note that the listed commits may not
9 necessarily be the list of the *direct* parent commits if you
10 have limited your view of history: for example, if you are
11 only interested in changes related to a certain directory or
14 There are several built-in formats, and you can define
15 additional formats by setting a pretty.<name>
16 config option to either another format name, or a
17 'format:' string, as described below (see
18 linkgit:git-config[1]). Here are the details of the
25 This is designed to be as compact as possible.
58 AuthorDate: <author date>
60 CommitDate: <committer date>
71 Subject: [PATCH] <title line>
77 The 'raw' format shows the entire commit exactly as
78 stored in the commit object. Notably, the SHA-1s are
79 displayed in full, regardless of whether --abbrev or
80 --no-abbrev are used, and 'parents' information show the
81 true parent commits, without taking grafts or history
82 simplification into account. Note that this format affects the way
83 commits are displayed, but not the way the diff is shown e.g. with
84 `git log --raw`. To get full object names in a raw diff format,
89 The 'format:<string>' format allows you to specify which information
90 you want to show. It works a little bit like printf format,
91 with the notable exception that you get a newline with '%n'
94 E.g, 'format:"The author of %h was %an, %ar%nThe title was >>%s<<%n"'
95 would show something like this:
98 The author of fe6e0ee was Junio C Hamano, 23 hours ago
99 The title was >>t4119: test autocomputing -p<n> for traditional diff input.<<
103 The placeholders are:
106 - '%h': abbreviated commit hash
108 - '%t': abbreviated tree hash
109 - '%P': parent hashes
110 - '%p': abbreviated parent hashes
112 - '%aN': author name (respecting .mailmap, see linkgit:git-shortlog[1]
113 or linkgit:git-blame[1])
114 - '%ae': author email
115 - '%aE': author email (respecting .mailmap, see
116 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
117 - '%ad': author date (format respects --date= option)
118 - '%aD': author date, RFC2822 style
119 - '%ar': author date, relative
120 - '%at': author date, UNIX timestamp
121 - '%ai': author date, ISO 8601-like format
122 - '%aI': author date, strict ISO 8601 format
123 - '%cn': committer name
124 - '%cN': committer name (respecting .mailmap, see
125 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
126 - '%ce': committer email
127 - '%cE': committer email (respecting .mailmap, see
128 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
129 - '%cd': committer date (format respects --date= option)
130 - '%cD': committer date, RFC2822 style
131 - '%cr': committer date, relative
132 - '%ct': committer date, UNIX timestamp
133 - '%ci': committer date, ISO 8601-like format
134 - '%cI': committer date, strict ISO 8601 format
135 - '%d': ref names, like the --decorate option of linkgit:git-log[1]
136 - '%D': ref names without the " (", ")" wrapping.
139 - '%f': sanitized subject line, suitable for a filename
141 - '%B': raw body (unwrapped subject and body)
142 ifndef::git-rev-list[]
144 endif::git-rev-list[]
145 - '%GG': raw verification message from GPG for a signed commit
146 - '%G?': show "G" for a good (valid) signature,
147 "B" for a bad signature,
148 "U" for a good signature with unknown validity,
149 "X" for a good signature that has expired,
150 "Y" for a good signature made by an expired key,
151 "R" for a good signature made by a revoked key,
152 "E" if the signature cannot be checked (e.g. missing key)
153 and "N" for no signature
154 - '%GS': show the name of the signer for a signed commit
155 - '%GK': show the key used to sign a signed commit
156 - '%gD': reflog selector, e.g., `refs/stash@{1}` or
157 `refs/stash@{2 minutes ago`}; the format follows the rules described
158 for the `-g` option. The portion before the `@` is the refname as
159 given on the command line (so `git log -g refs/heads/master` would
160 yield `refs/heads/master@{0}`).
161 - '%gd': shortened reflog selector; same as `%gD`, but the refname
162 portion is shortened for human readability (so `refs/heads/master`
163 becomes just `master`).
164 - '%gn': reflog identity name
165 - '%gN': reflog identity name (respecting .mailmap, see
166 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
167 - '%ge': reflog identity email
168 - '%gE': reflog identity email (respecting .mailmap, see
169 linkgit:git-shortlog[1] or linkgit:git-blame[1])
170 - '%gs': reflog subject
171 - '%Cred': switch color to red
172 - '%Cgreen': switch color to green
173 - '%Cblue': switch color to blue
174 - '%Creset': reset color
175 - '%C(...)': color specification, as described under Values in the
176 "CONFIGURATION FILE" section of linkgit:git-config[1].
177 By default, colors are shown only when enabled for log output (by
178 `color.diff`, `color.ui`, or `--color`, and respecting the `auto`
179 settings of the former if we are going to a terminal). `%C(auto,...)`
180 is accepted as a historical synonym for the default (e.g.,
181 `%C(auto,red)`). Specifying `%C(always,...) will show the colors
182 even when color is not otherwise enabled (though consider
183 just using `--color=always` to enable color for the whole output,
184 including this format and anything else git might color). `auto`
185 alone (i.e. `%C(auto)`) will turn on auto coloring on the next
186 placeholders until the color is switched again.
187 - '%m': left (`<`), right (`>`) or boundary (`-`) mark
190 - '%x00': print a byte from a hex code
191 - '%w([<w>[,<i1>[,<i2>]]])': switch line wrapping, like the -w option of
192 linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
193 - '%<(<N>[,trunc|ltrunc|mtrunc])': make the next placeholder take at
194 least N columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary.
195 Optionally truncate at the beginning (ltrunc), the middle (mtrunc)
196 or the end (trunc) if the output is longer than N columns.
197 Note that truncating only works correctly with N >= 2.
198 - '%<|(<N>)': make the next placeholder take at least until Nth
199 columns, padding spaces on the right if necessary
200 - '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)': similar to '%<(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
201 respectively, but padding spaces on the left
202 - '%>>(<N>)', '%>>|(<N>)': similar to '%>(<N>)', '%>|(<N>)'
203 respectively, except that if the next placeholder takes more spaces
204 than given and there are spaces on its left, use those spaces
205 - '%><(<N>)', '%><|(<N>)': similar to '%<(<N>)', '%<|(<N>)'
206 respectively, but padding both sides (i.e. the text is centered)
207 - %(trailers[:options]): display the trailers of the body as interpreted
208 by linkgit:git-interpret-trailers[1]. The `trailers` string may be
209 followed by a colon and zero or more comma-separated options. If the
210 `only` option is given, omit non-trailer lines from the trailer block.
211 If the `unfold` option is given, behave as if interpret-trailer's
212 `--unfold` option was given. E.g., `%(trailers:only,unfold)` to do
215 NOTE: Some placeholders may depend on other options given to the
216 revision traversal engine. For example, the `%g*` reflog options will
217 insert an empty string unless we are traversing reflog entries (e.g., by
218 `git log -g`). The `%d` and `%D` placeholders will use the "short"
219 decoration format if `--decorate` was not already provided on the command
222 If you add a `+` (plus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, a line-feed
223 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
224 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.
226 If you add a `-` (minus sign) after '%' of a placeholder, all consecutive
227 line-feeds immediately preceding the expansion are deleted if and only if the
228 placeholder expands to an empty string.
230 If you add a ` ` (space) after '%' of a placeholder, a space
231 is inserted immediately before the expansion if and only if the
232 placeholder expands to a non-empty string.
236 The 'tformat:' format works exactly like 'format:', except that it
237 provides "terminator" semantics instead of "separator" semantics. In
238 other words, each commit has the message terminator character (usually a
239 newline) appended, rather than a separator placed between entries.
240 This means that the final entry of a single-line format will be properly
241 terminated with a new line, just as the "oneline" format does.
244 ---------------------
245 $ git log -2 --pretty=format:%h 4da45bef \
246 | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
248 7134973 -- NO NEWLINE
250 $ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef \
251 | perl -pe '$_ .= " -- NO NEWLINE\n" unless /\n/'
254 ---------------------
256 In addition, any unrecognized string that has a `%` in it is interpreted
257 as if it has `tformat:` in front of it. For example, these two are
260 ---------------------
261 $ git log -2 --pretty=tformat:%h 4da45bef
262 $ git log -2 --pretty=%h 4da45bef
263 ---------------------