6 git-log - Show commit logs
12 'git log' [<options>] [<revision-range>] [[--] <path>...]
16 Shows the commit logs.
19 include::rev-list-description.txt[]
21 The command takes options applicable to the linkgit:git-rev-list[1]
22 command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
23 the linkgit:git-diff[1] command to control how the changes
24 each commit introduces are shown.
31 Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
32 (works only for a single file).
35 --decorate[=short|full|auto|no]::
36 Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If 'short' is
37 specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/', 'refs/tags/' and
38 'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is specified, the
39 full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. If 'auto' is
40 specified, then if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names
41 are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref names are
42 shown. The option `--decorate` is short-hand for `--decorate=short`.
43 Default to configuration value of `log.decorate` if configured,
46 --decorate-refs=<pattern>::
47 --decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>::
48 If no `--decorate-refs` is given, pretend as if all refs were
49 included. For each candidate, do not use it for decoration if it
50 matches any patterns given to `--decorate-refs-exclude` or if it
51 doesn't match any of the patterns given to `--decorate-refs`. The
52 `log.excludeDecoration` config option allows excluding refs from
53 the decorations, but an explicit `--decorate-refs` pattern will
54 override a match in `log.excludeDecoration`.
57 Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
62 Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
63 addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
64 linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
67 Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
68 touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
69 paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
70 the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
71 commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
73 Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
74 produced by `--stat`, etc.
77 Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit,
78 where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
79 Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
80 output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
82 include::line-range-options.txt[]
85 Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no
86 <revision-range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
87 whole history leading to the current commit). `origin..HEAD`
88 specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
89 (i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
90 ways to spell <revision-range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
91 section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
94 Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
95 that match the specified paths came to be. See 'History
96 Simplification' below for details and other simplification
99 Paths may need to be prefixed with `--` to separate them from
100 options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
102 include::rev-list-options.txt[]
104 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
109 By default, `git log` does not generate any diff output. The options
110 below can be used to show the changes made by each commit.
112 Note that unless one of `--diff-merges` variants (including short
113 `-m`, `-c`, and `--cc` options) is explicitly given, merge commits
114 will not show a diff, even if a diff format like `--patch` is
115 selected, nor will they match search options like `-S`. The exception
116 is when `--first-parent` is in use, in which case `first-parent` is
120 :diff-merges-default: `off`
121 include::diff-options.txt[]
123 include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
127 `git log --no-merges`::
129 Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges
131 `git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::
133 Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
134 in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories
136 `git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
138 Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
139 The `--` is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
142 `git log --name-status release..test`::
144 Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet
145 in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
146 each commit modifies.
148 `git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
150 Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
151 those commits that occurred before the file was given its
154 `git log --branches --not --remotes=origin`::
156 Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
157 any of remote-tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that
160 `git log master --not --remotes=*/master`::
162 Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
163 repository master branches.
165 `git log -p -m --first-parent`::
167 Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
168 ``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
169 branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
170 This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
171 topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
173 `git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
175 Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
180 Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
190 See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
191 for settings related to diff generation.
194 Default for the `--format` option. (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
195 Defaults to `medium`.
197 i18n.logOutputEncoding::
198 Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See 'Discussion' above.)
199 Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
203 Default format for human-readable dates. (Compare the
204 `--date` option.) Defaults to "default", which means to write
205 dates like `Sat May 8 19:35:34 2010 -0500`.
207 If the format is set to "auto:foo" and the pager is in use, format
208 "foo" will be the used for the date format. Otherwise "default" will
212 If `true`, `git log` will act as if the `--follow` option was used when
213 a single <path> is given. This has the same limitations as `--follow`,
214 i.e. it cannot be used to follow multiple files and does not work well
215 on non-linear history.
218 If `false`, `git log` and related commands will not treat the
219 initial commit as a big creation event. Any root commits in
220 `git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached.
221 The default is `true`.
224 If `true`, `git log` and related commands will act as if the
225 `--show-signature` option was passed to them.
228 See linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
231 Which refs, in addition to the default set by `core.notesRef`
232 or `GIT_NOTES_REF`, to read notes from when showing commit
233 messages with the `log` family of commands. See
234 linkgit:git-notes[1].
236 May be an unabbreviated ref name or a glob and may be specified
237 multiple times. A warning will be issued for refs that do not exist,
238 but a glob that does not match any refs is silently ignored.
240 This setting can be disabled by the `--no-notes` option,
241 overridden by the `GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF` environment variable,
242 and overridden by the `--notes=<ref>` option.
246 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite