6 gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore
10 $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore, $GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore
15 A `gitignore` file specifies intentionally untracked files that
17 Files already tracked by Git are not affected; see the NOTES
20 Each line in a `gitignore` file specifies a pattern.
21 When deciding whether to ignore a path, Git normally checks
22 `gitignore` patterns from multiple sources, with the following
23 order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of
24 precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):
26 * Patterns read from the command line for those commands that support
29 * Patterns read from a `.gitignore` file in the same directory
30 as the path, or in any parent directory (up to the top-level of the working
31 tree), with patterns in the higher level files being overridden by those in
32 lower level files down to the directory containing the file. These patterns
33 match relative to the location of the `.gitignore` file. A project normally
34 includes such `.gitignore` files in its repository, containing patterns for
35 files generated as part of the project build.
37 * Patterns read from `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`.
39 * Patterns read from the file specified by the configuration
40 variable `core.excludesFile`.
42 Which file to place a pattern in depends on how the pattern is meant to
45 * Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to
46 other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want
47 to ignore) should go into a `.gitignore` file.
50 specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared
51 with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside
52 the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into
53 the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file.
55 * Patterns which a user wants Git to
56 ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by
57 the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by
58 `core.excludesFile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`. Its default value is
59 $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or
60 empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore is used instead.
62 The underlying Git plumbing tools, such as
63 'git ls-files' and 'git read-tree', read
64 `gitignore` patterns specified by command-line options, or from
65 files specified by command-line options. Higher-level Git
66 tools, such as 'git status' and 'git add',
67 use patterns from the sources specified above.
72 - A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a separator
75 - A line starting with # serves as a comment.
76 Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first hash for patterns
77 that begin with a hash.
79 - Trailing spaces are ignored unless they are quoted with backslash
82 - An optional prefix "`!`" which negates the pattern; any
83 matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become
84 included again. It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent
85 directory of that file is excluded. Git doesn't list excluded
86 directories for performance reasons, so any patterns on contained
87 files have no effect, no matter where they are defined.
88 Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first "`!`" for patterns
89 that begin with a literal "`!`", for example, "`\!important!.txt`".
91 - The slash '/' is used as the directory separator. Separators may
92 occur at the beginning, middle or end of the `.gitignore` search pattern.
94 - If there is a separator at the beginning or middle (or both) of the
95 pattern, then the pattern is relative to the directory level of the
96 particular `.gitignore` file itself. Otherwise the pattern may also
97 match at any level below the `.gitignore` level.
99 - If there is a separator at the end of the pattern then the pattern
100 will only match directories, otherwise the pattern can match both
101 files and directories.
103 - For example, a pattern `doc/frotz/` matches `doc/frotz` directory,
104 but not `a/doc/frotz` directory; however `frotz/` matches `frotz`
105 and `a/frotz` that is a directory (all paths are relative from
106 the `.gitignore` file).
108 - An asterisk "`*`" matches anything except a slash.
109 The character "`?`" matches any one character except "`/`".
110 The range notation, e.g. `[a-zA-Z]`, can be used to match
111 one of the characters in a range. See fnmatch(3) and the
112 FNM_PATHNAME flag for a more detailed description.
114 Two consecutive asterisks ("`**`") in patterns matched against
115 full pathname may have special meaning:
117 - A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all
118 directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory
119 "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "`**/foo/bar`"
120 matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly
121 under directory "`foo`".
123 - A trailing "`/**`" matches everything inside. For example,
124 "`abc/**`" matches all files inside directory "`abc`", relative
125 to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth.
127 - A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
128 matches zero or more directories. For example, "`a/**/b`"
129 matches "`a/b`", "`a/x/b`", "`a/x/y/b`" and so on.
131 - Other consecutive asterisks are considered regular asterisks and
132 will match according to the previous rules.
137 The optional configuration variable `core.excludesFile` indicates a path to a
138 file containing patterns of file names to exclude, similar to
139 `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`. Patterns in the exclude file are used in addition to
140 those in `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`.
145 The purpose of gitignore files is to ensure that certain files
146 not tracked by Git remain untracked.
148 To stop tracking a file that is currently tracked, use
151 Git does not follow symbolic links when accessing a `.gitignore` file in
152 the working tree. This keeps behavior consistent when the file is
153 accessed from the index or a tree versus from the filesystem.
158 - The pattern `hello.*` matches any file or directory
159 whose name begins with `hello.`. If one wants to restrict
160 this only to the directory and not in its subdirectories,
161 one can prepend the pattern with a slash, i.e. `/hello.*`;
162 the pattern now matches `hello.txt`, `hello.c` but not
165 - The pattern `foo/` will match a directory `foo` and
166 paths underneath it, but will not match a regular file
167 or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent with the
168 way how pathspec works in general in Git)
170 - The pattern `doc/frotz` and `/doc/frotz` have the same effect
171 in any `.gitignore` file. In other words, a leading slash
172 is not relevant if there is already a middle slash in
175 - The pattern "foo/*", matches "foo/test.json"
176 (a regular file), "foo/bar" (a directory), but it does not match
177 "foo/bar/hello.c" (a regular file), as the asterisk in the
178 pattern does not match "bar/hello.c" which has a slash in it.
180 --------------------------------------------------------------
185 # Documentation/foo.html
186 # Documentation/gitignore.html
191 $ cat .git/info/exclude
192 # ignore objects and archives, anywhere in the tree.
194 $ cat Documentation/.gitignore
195 # ignore generated html files,
197 # except foo.html which is maintained by hand
203 # Documentation/foo.html
205 --------------------------------------------------------------
209 --------------------------------------------------------------
212 $ ls arch/foo/kernel/vm*
213 arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
214 $ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore
215 --------------------------------------------------------------
217 The second .gitignore prevents Git from ignoring
218 `arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`.
220 Example to exclude everything except a specific directory `foo/bar`
221 (note the `/*` - without the slash, the wildcard would also exclude
222 everything within `foo/bar`):
224 --------------------------------------------------------------
226 # exclude everything except directory foo/bar
231 --------------------------------------------------------------
236 linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5],
237 linkgit:git-check-ignore[1]
241 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite