6 git-cat-file - Provide content or type and size information for repository objects
12 'git cat-file' (-t [--allow-unknown-type]| -s [--allow-unknown-type]| -e | -p | <type> | --textconv | --filters ) [--path=<path>] <object>
13 'git cat-file' (--batch[=<format>] | --batch-check[=<format>]) [ --textconv | --filters ] [--follow-symlinks]
17 In its first form, the command provides the content or the type of an object in
18 the repository. The type is required unless `-t` or `-p` is used to find the
19 object type, or `-s` is used to find the object size, or `--textconv` or
20 `--filters` is used (which imply type "blob").
22 In the second form, a list of objects (separated by linefeeds) is provided on
23 stdin, and the SHA-1, type, and size of each object is printed on stdout. The
24 output format can be overridden using the optional `<format>` argument. If
25 either `--textconv` or `--filters` was specified, the input is expected to
26 list the object names followed by the path name, separated by a single
27 whitespace, so that the appropriate drivers can be determined.
32 The name of the object to show.
33 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
34 the "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
37 Instead of the content, show the object type identified by
41 Instead of the content, show the object size identified by
45 Exit with zero status if `<object>` exists and is a valid
46 object. If `<object>` is of an invalid format exit with non-zero and
47 emits an error on stderr.
50 Pretty-print the contents of `<object>` based on its type.
53 Typically this matches the real type of `<object>` but asking
54 for a type that can trivially be dereferenced from the given
55 `<object>` is also permitted. An example is to ask for a
56 "tree" with `<object>` being a commit object that contains it,
57 or to ask for a "blob" with `<object>` being a tag object that
61 Show the content as transformed by a textconv filter. In this case,
62 `<object>` has to be of the form `<tree-ish>:<path>`, or `:<path>` in
63 order to apply the filter to the content recorded in the index at
67 Show the content as converted by the filters configured in
68 the current working tree for the given `<path>` (i.e. smudge filters,
69 end-of-line conversion, etc). In this case, `<object>` has to be of
70 the form `<tree-ish>:<path>`, or `:<path>`.
73 For use with `--textconv` or `--filters`, to allow specifying an object
74 name and a path separately, e.g. when it is difficult to figure out
75 the revision from which the blob came.
79 Print object information and contents for each object provided
80 on stdin. May not be combined with any other options or arguments
81 except `--textconv` or `--filters`, in which case the input lines
82 also need to specify the path, separated by whitespace. See the
83 section `BATCH OUTPUT` below for details.
86 --batch-check=<format>::
87 Print object information for each object provided on stdin. May
88 not be combined with any other options or arguments except
89 `--textconv` or `--filters`, in which case the input lines also
90 need to specify the path, separated by whitespace. See the
91 section `BATCH OUTPUT` below for details.
94 Instead of reading a list of objects on stdin, perform the
95 requested batch operation on all objects in the repository and
96 any alternate object stores (not just reachable objects).
97 Requires `--batch` or `--batch-check` be specified. By default,
98 the objects are visited in order sorted by their hashes; see
99 also `--unordered` below. Objects are presented as-is, without
100 respecting the "replace" mechanism of linkgit:git-replace[1].
103 Normally batch output is flushed after each object is output, so
104 that a process can interactively read and write from
105 `cat-file`. With this option, the output uses normal stdio
106 buffering; this is much more efficient when invoking
107 `--batch-check` on a large number of objects.
110 When `--batch-all-objects` is in use, visit objects in an
111 order which may be more efficient for accessing the object
112 contents than hash order. The exact details of the order are
113 unspecified, but if you do not require a specific order, this
114 should generally result in faster output, especially with
115 `--batch`. Note that `cat-file` will still show each object
116 only once, even if it is stored multiple times in the
119 --allow-unknown-type::
120 Allow `-s` or `-t` to query broken/corrupt objects of unknown type.
123 With `--batch` or `--batch-check`, follow symlinks inside the
124 repository when requesting objects with extended SHA-1
125 expressions of the form tree-ish:path-in-tree. Instead of
126 providing output about the link itself, provide output about
127 the linked-to object. If a symlink points outside the
128 tree-ish (e.g. a link to `/foo` or a root-level link to `../foo`),
129 the portion of the link which is outside the tree will be
132 This option does not (currently) work correctly when an object in the
133 index is specified (e.g. `:link` instead of `HEAD:link`) rather than
136 This option cannot (currently) be used unless `--batch` or
137 `--batch-check` is used.
139 For example, consider a git repository containing:
142 f: a file containing "hello\n"
144 dir/link: a symlink to ../f
145 plink: a symlink to ../f
146 alink: a symlink to /etc/passwd
149 For a regular file `f`, `echo HEAD:f | git cat-file --batch` would print
152 ce013625030ba8dba906f756967f9e9ca394464a blob 6
155 And `echo HEAD:link | git cat-file --batch --follow-symlinks` would
156 print the same thing, as would `HEAD:dir/link`, as they both point at
159 Without `--follow-symlinks`, these would print data about the symlink
160 itself. In the case of `HEAD:link`, you would see
163 4d1ae35ba2c8ec712fa2a379db44ad639ca277bd blob 1
166 Both `plink` and `alink` point outside the tree, so they would
180 If `-t` is specified, one of the `<type>`.
182 If `-s` is specified, the size of the `<object>` in bytes.
184 If `-e` is specified, no output, unless the `<object>` is malformed.
186 If `-p` is specified, the contents of `<object>` are pretty-printed.
188 If `<type>` is specified, the raw (though uncompressed) contents of the `<object>`
194 If `--batch` or `--batch-check` is given, `cat-file` will read objects
195 from stdin, one per line, and print information about them. By default,
196 the whole line is considered as an object, as if it were fed to
197 linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
199 You can specify the information shown for each object by using a custom
200 `<format>`. The `<format>` is copied literally to stdout for each
201 object, with placeholders of the form `%(atom)` expanded, followed by a
202 newline. The available atoms are:
205 The full hex representation of the object name.
208 The type of the object (the same as `cat-file -t` reports).
211 The size, in bytes, of the object (the same as `cat-file -s`
215 The size, in bytes, that the object takes up on disk. See the
216 note about on-disk sizes in the `CAVEATS` section below.
219 If the object is stored as a delta on-disk, this expands to the
220 full hex representation of the delta base object name.
221 Otherwise, expands to the null OID (all zeroes). See `CAVEATS`
225 If this atom is used in the output string, input lines are split
226 at the first whitespace boundary. All characters before that
227 whitespace are considered to be the object name; characters
228 after that first run of whitespace (i.e., the "rest" of the
229 line) are output in place of the `%(rest)` atom.
231 If no format is specified, the default format is `%(objectname)
232 %(objecttype) %(objectsize)`.
234 If `--batch` is specified, the object information is followed by the
235 object contents (consisting of `%(objectsize)` bytes), followed by a
238 For example, `--batch` without a custom format would produce:
241 <oid> SP <type> SP <size> LF
245 Whereas `--batch-check='%(objectname) %(objecttype)'` would produce:
251 If a name is specified on stdin that cannot be resolved to an object in
252 the repository, then `cat-file` will ignore any custom format and print:
255 <object> SP missing LF
258 If a name is specified that might refer to more than one object (an ambiguous short sha), then `cat-file` will ignore any custom format and print:
261 <object> SP ambiguous LF
264 If `--follow-symlinks` is used, and a symlink in the repository points
265 outside the repository, then `cat-file` will ignore any custom format
273 The symlink will either be absolute (beginning with a `/`), or relative
274 to the tree root. For instance, if dir/link points to `../../foo`, then
275 `<symlink>` will be `../foo`. `<size>` is the size of the symlink in bytes.
277 If `--follow-symlinks` is used, the following error messages will be
281 <object> SP missing LF
283 is printed when the initial symlink requested does not exist.
286 dangling SP <size> LF
289 is printed when the initial symlink exists, but something that
290 it (transitive-of) points to does not.
296 is printed for symlink loops (or any symlinks that
297 require more than 40 link resolutions to resolve).
303 is printed when, during symlink resolution, a file is used as a
309 Note that the sizes of objects on disk are reported accurately, but care
310 should be taken in drawing conclusions about which refs or objects are
311 responsible for disk usage. The size of a packed non-delta object may be
312 much larger than the size of objects which delta against it, but the
313 choice of which object is the base and which is the delta is arbitrary
314 and is subject to change during a repack.
316 Note also that multiple copies of an object may be present in the object
317 database; in this case, it is undefined which copy's size or delta base
322 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite