test-lib-functions: optionally keep HOME, TERM and SHELL in 'test_pause'
[git/debian.git] / t / test-lib-functions.sh
blob5bed34e47e0117dafae3bc0b7de3192382f55c52
1 # Library of functions shared by all tests scripts, included by
2 # test-lib.sh.
4 # Copyright (c) 2005 Junio C Hamano
6 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
8 # the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
9 # (at your option) any later version.
11 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
14 # GNU General Public License for more details.
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
17 # along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ .
19 # The semantics of the editor variables are that of invoking
20 # sh -c "$EDITOR \"$@\"" files ...
22 # If our trash directory contains shell metacharacters, they will be
23 # interpreted if we just set $EDITOR directly, so do a little dance with
24 # environment variables to work around this.
26 # In particular, quoting isn't enough, as the path may contain the same quote
27 # that we're using.
28 test_set_editor () {
29 FAKE_EDITOR="$1"
30 export FAKE_EDITOR
31 EDITOR='"$FAKE_EDITOR"'
32 export EDITOR
35 test_decode_color () {
36 awk '
37 function name(n) {
38 if (n == 0) return "RESET";
39 if (n == 1) return "BOLD";
40 if (n == 2) return "FAINT";
41 if (n == 3) return "ITALIC";
42 if (n == 7) return "REVERSE";
43 if (n == 30) return "BLACK";
44 if (n == 31) return "RED";
45 if (n == 32) return "GREEN";
46 if (n == 33) return "YELLOW";
47 if (n == 34) return "BLUE";
48 if (n == 35) return "MAGENTA";
49 if (n == 36) return "CYAN";
50 if (n == 37) return "WHITE";
51 if (n == 40) return "BLACK";
52 if (n == 41) return "BRED";
53 if (n == 42) return "BGREEN";
54 if (n == 43) return "BYELLOW";
55 if (n == 44) return "BBLUE";
56 if (n == 45) return "BMAGENTA";
57 if (n == 46) return "BCYAN";
58 if (n == 47) return "BWHITE";
61 while (match($0, /\033\[[0-9;]*m/) != 0) {
62 printf "%s<", substr($0, 1, RSTART-1);
63 codes = substr($0, RSTART+2, RLENGTH-3);
64 if (length(codes) == 0)
65 printf "%s", name(0)
66 else {
67 n = split(codes, ary, ";");
68 sep = "";
69 for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
70 printf "%s%s", sep, name(ary[i]);
71 sep = ";"
74 printf ">";
75 $0 = substr($0, RSTART + RLENGTH, length($0) - RSTART - RLENGTH + 1);
77 print
82 lf_to_nul () {
83 perl -pe 'y/\012/\000/'
86 nul_to_q () {
87 perl -pe 'y/\000/Q/'
90 q_to_nul () {
91 perl -pe 'y/Q/\000/'
94 q_to_cr () {
95 tr Q '\015'
98 q_to_tab () {
99 tr Q '\011'
102 qz_to_tab_space () {
103 tr QZ '\011\040'
106 append_cr () {
107 sed -e 's/$/Q/' | tr Q '\015'
110 remove_cr () {
111 tr '\015' Q | sed -e 's/Q$//'
114 # In some bourne shell implementations, the "unset" builtin returns
115 # nonzero status when a variable to be unset was not set in the first
116 # place.
118 # Use sane_unset when that should not be considered an error.
120 sane_unset () {
121 unset "$@"
122 return 0
125 test_tick () {
126 if test -z "${test_tick+set}"
127 then
128 test_tick=1112911993
129 else
130 test_tick=$(($test_tick + 60))
132 GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$test_tick -0700"
133 GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="$test_tick -0700"
134 export GIT_COMMITTER_DATE GIT_AUTHOR_DATE
137 # Stop execution and start a shell. This is useful for debugging tests.
139 # Be sure to remove all invocations of this command before submitting.
140 # WARNING: the shell invoked by this helper does not have the same environment
141 # as the one running the tests (shell variables and functions are not
142 # available, and the options below further modify the environment). As such,
143 # commands copied from a test script might behave differently than when
144 # running the test.
146 # Usage: test_pause [options]
147 # -t
148 # Use your original TERM instead of test-lib.sh's "dumb".
149 # This usually restores color output in the invoked shell.
150 # -s
151 # Invoke $SHELL instead of $TEST_SHELL_PATH.
152 # -h
153 # Use your original HOME instead of test-lib.sh's "$TRASH_DIRECTORY".
154 # This allows you to use your regular shell environment and Git aliases.
155 # CAUTION: running commands copied from a test script into the paused shell
156 # might result in files in your HOME being overwritten.
157 # -a
158 # Shortcut for -t -s -h
160 test_pause () {
161 PAUSE_TERM=$TERM &&
162 PAUSE_SHELL=$TEST_SHELL_PATH &&
163 PAUSE_HOME=$HOME &&
164 while test $# != 0
166 case "$1" in
168 PAUSE_TERM="$USER_TERM"
171 PAUSE_SHELL="$SHELL"
174 PAUSE_HOME="$USER_HOME"
177 PAUSE_TERM="$USER_TERM"
178 PAUSE_SHELL="$SHELL"
179 PAUSE_HOME="$USER_HOME"
182 break
184 esac
185 shift
186 done &&
187 TERM="$PAUSE_TERM" HOME="$PAUSE_HOME" "$PAUSE_SHELL" <&6 >&5 2>&7
190 # Wrap git with a debugger. Adding this to a command can make it easier
191 # to understand what is going on in a failing test.
193 # Examples:
194 # debug git checkout master
195 # debug --debugger=nemiver git $ARGS
196 # debug -d "valgrind --tool=memcheck --track-origins=yes" git $ARGS
197 debug () {
198 case "$1" in
200 GIT_DEBUGGER="$2" &&
201 shift 2
203 --debugger=*)
204 GIT_DEBUGGER="${1#*=}" &&
205 shift 1
208 GIT_DEBUGGER=1
210 esac &&
211 GIT_DEBUGGER="${GIT_DEBUGGER}" "$@" <&6 >&5 2>&7
214 # Usage: test_commit [options] <message> [<file> [<contents> [<tag>]]]
215 # -C <dir>:
216 # Run all git commands in directory <dir>
217 # --notick
218 # Do not call test_tick before making a commit
219 # --append
220 # Use ">>" instead of ">" when writing "<contents>" to "<file>"
221 # --printf
222 # Use "printf" instead of "echo" when writing "<contents>" to
223 # "<file>", use this to write escape sequences such as "\0", a
224 # trailing "\n" won't be added automatically. This option
225 # supports nothing but the FORMAT of printf(1), i.e. no custom
226 # ARGUMENT(s).
227 # --signoff
228 # Invoke "git commit" with --signoff
229 # --author <author>
230 # Invoke "git commit" with --author <author>
231 # --no-tag
232 # Do not tag the resulting commit
233 # --annotate
234 # Create an annotated tag with "--annotate -m <message>". Calls
235 # test_tick between making the commit and tag, unless --notick
236 # is given.
238 # This will commit a file with the given contents and the given commit
239 # message, and tag the resulting commit with the given tag name.
241 # <file>, <contents>, and <tag> all default to <message>.
243 test_commit () {
244 notick= &&
245 echo=echo &&
246 append= &&
247 author= &&
248 signoff= &&
249 indir= &&
250 tag=light &&
251 while test $# != 0
253 case "$1" in
254 --notick)
255 notick=yes
257 --printf)
258 echo=printf
260 --append)
261 append=yes
263 --author)
264 author="$2"
265 shift
267 --signoff)
268 signoff="$1"
270 --date)
271 notick=yes
272 GIT_COMMITTER_DATE="$2"
273 GIT_AUTHOR_DATE="$2"
274 shift
277 indir="$2"
278 shift
280 --no-tag)
281 tag=none
283 --annotate)
284 tag=annotate
287 break
289 esac
290 shift
291 done &&
292 indir=${indir:+"$indir"/} &&
293 file=${2:-"$1.t"} &&
294 if test -n "$append"
295 then
296 $echo "${3-$1}" >>"$indir$file"
297 else
298 $echo "${3-$1}" >"$indir$file"
299 fi &&
300 git ${indir:+ -C "$indir"} add "$file" &&
301 if test -z "$notick"
302 then
303 test_tick
304 fi &&
305 git ${indir:+ -C "$indir"} commit \
306 ${author:+ --author "$author"} \
307 $signoff -m "$1" &&
308 case "$tag" in
309 none)
311 light)
312 git ${indir:+ -C "$indir"} tag "${4:-$1}"
314 annotate)
315 if test -z "$notick"
316 then
317 test_tick
318 fi &&
319 git ${indir:+ -C "$indir"} tag -a -m "$1" "${4:-$1}"
321 esac
324 # Call test_merge with the arguments "<message> <commit>", where <commit>
325 # can be a tag pointing to the commit-to-merge.
327 test_merge () {
328 label="$1" &&
329 shift &&
330 test_tick &&
331 git merge -m "$label" "$@" &&
332 git tag "$label"
335 # Efficiently create <nr> commits, each with a unique number (from 1 to <nr>
336 # by default) in the commit message.
338 # Usage: test_commit_bulk [options] <nr>
339 # -C <dir>:
340 # Run all git commands in directory <dir>
341 # --ref=<n>:
342 # ref on which to create commits (default: HEAD)
343 # --start=<n>:
344 # number commit messages from <n> (default: 1)
345 # --message=<msg>:
346 # use <msg> as the commit mesasge (default: "commit %s")
347 # --filename=<fn>:
348 # modify <fn> in each commit (default: %s.t)
349 # --contents=<string>:
350 # place <string> in each file (default: "content %s")
351 # --id=<string>:
352 # shorthand to use <string> and %s in message, filename, and contents
354 # The message, filename, and contents strings are evaluated by printf, with the
355 # first "%s" replaced by the current commit number. So you can do:
357 # test_commit_bulk --filename=file --contents="modification %s"
359 # to have every commit touch the same file, but with unique content.
361 test_commit_bulk () {
362 tmpfile=.bulk-commit.input
363 indir=.
364 ref=HEAD
366 message='commit %s'
367 filename='%s.t'
368 contents='content %s'
369 while test $# -gt 0
371 case "$1" in
373 indir=$2
374 shift
376 --ref=*)
377 ref=${1#--*=}
379 --start=*)
380 n=${1#--*=}
382 --message=*)
383 message=${1#--*=}
385 --filename=*)
386 filename=${1#--*=}
388 --contents=*)
389 contents=${1#--*=}
391 --id=*)
392 message="${1#--*=} %s"
393 filename="${1#--*=}-%s.t"
394 contents="${1#--*=} %s"
397 BUG "invalid test_commit_bulk option: $1"
400 break
402 esac
403 shift
404 done
405 total=$1
407 add_from=
408 if git -C "$indir" rev-parse --quiet --verify "$ref"
409 then
410 add_from=t
413 while test "$total" -gt 0
415 test_tick &&
416 echo "commit $ref"
417 printf 'author %s <%s> %s\n' \
418 "$GIT_AUTHOR_NAME" \
419 "$GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL" \
420 "$GIT_AUTHOR_DATE"
421 printf 'committer %s <%s> %s\n' \
422 "$GIT_COMMITTER_NAME" \
423 "$GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL" \
424 "$GIT_COMMITTER_DATE"
425 echo "data <<EOF"
426 printf "$message\n" $n
427 echo "EOF"
428 if test -n "$add_from"
429 then
430 echo "from $ref^0"
431 add_from=
433 printf "M 644 inline $filename\n" $n
434 echo "data <<EOF"
435 printf "$contents\n" $n
436 echo "EOF"
437 echo
438 n=$((n + 1))
439 total=$((total - 1))
440 done >"$tmpfile"
442 git -C "$indir" \
443 -c fastimport.unpacklimit=0 \
444 fast-import <"$tmpfile" || return 1
446 # This will be left in place on failure, which may aid debugging.
447 rm -f "$tmpfile"
449 # If we updated HEAD, then be nice and update the index and working
450 # tree, too.
451 if test "$ref" = "HEAD"
452 then
453 git -C "$indir" checkout -f HEAD || return 1
458 # This function helps systems where core.filemode=false is set.
459 # Use it instead of plain 'chmod +x' to set or unset the executable bit
460 # of a file in the working directory and add it to the index.
462 test_chmod () {
463 chmod "$@" &&
464 git update-index --add "--chmod=$@"
467 # Get the modebits from a file or directory, ignoring the setgid bit (g+s).
468 # This bit is inherited by subdirectories at their creation. So we remove it
469 # from the returning string to prevent callers from having to worry about the
470 # state of the bit in the test directory.
472 test_modebits () {
473 ls -ld "$1" | sed -e 's|^\(..........\).*|\1|' \
474 -e 's|^\(......\)S|\1-|' -e 's|^\(......\)s|\1x|'
477 # Unset a configuration variable, but don't fail if it doesn't exist.
478 test_unconfig () {
479 config_dir=
480 if test "$1" = -C
481 then
482 shift
483 config_dir=$1
484 shift
486 git ${config_dir:+-C "$config_dir"} config --unset-all "$@"
487 config_status=$?
488 case "$config_status" in
489 5) # ok, nothing to unset
490 config_status=0
492 esac
493 return $config_status
496 # Set git config, automatically unsetting it after the test is over.
497 test_config () {
498 config_dir=
499 if test "$1" = -C
500 then
501 shift
502 config_dir=$1
503 shift
505 test_when_finished "test_unconfig ${config_dir:+-C '$config_dir'} '$1'" &&
506 git ${config_dir:+-C "$config_dir"} config "$@"
509 test_config_global () {
510 test_when_finished "test_unconfig --global '$1'" &&
511 git config --global "$@"
514 write_script () {
516 echo "#!${2-"$SHELL_PATH"}" &&
518 } >"$1" &&
519 chmod +x "$1"
522 # Use test_set_prereq to tell that a particular prerequisite is available.
523 # The prerequisite can later be checked for in two ways:
525 # - Explicitly using test_have_prereq.
527 # - Implicitly by specifying the prerequisite tag in the calls to
528 # test_expect_{success,failure} and test_external{,_without_stderr}.
530 # The single parameter is the prerequisite tag (a simple word, in all
531 # capital letters by convention).
533 test_unset_prereq () {
534 ! test_have_prereq "$1" ||
535 satisfied_prereq="${satisfied_prereq% $1 *} ${satisfied_prereq#* $1 }"
538 test_set_prereq () {
539 if test -n "$GIT_TEST_FAIL_PREREQS_INTERNAL"
540 then
541 case "$1" in
542 # The "!" case is handled below with
543 # test_unset_prereq()
546 # (Temporary?) whitelist of things we can't easily
547 # pretend not to support
548 SYMLINKS)
550 # Inspecting whether GIT_TEST_FAIL_PREREQS is on
551 # should be unaffected.
552 FAIL_PREREQS)
555 return
556 esac
559 case "$1" in
561 test_unset_prereq "${1#!}"
564 satisfied_prereq="$satisfied_prereq$1 "
566 esac
568 satisfied_prereq=" "
569 lazily_testable_prereq= lazily_tested_prereq=
571 # Usage: test_lazy_prereq PREREQ 'script'
572 test_lazy_prereq () {
573 lazily_testable_prereq="$lazily_testable_prereq$1 "
574 eval test_prereq_lazily_$1=\$2
577 test_run_lazy_prereq_ () {
578 script='
579 mkdir -p "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/prereq-test-dir-'"$1"'" &&
581 cd "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/prereq-test-dir-'"$1"'" &&'"$2"'
583 say >&3 "checking prerequisite: $1"
584 say >&3 "$script"
585 test_eval_ "$script"
586 eval_ret=$?
587 rm -rf "$TRASH_DIRECTORY/prereq-test-dir-$1"
588 if test "$eval_ret" = 0; then
589 say >&3 "prerequisite $1 ok"
590 else
591 say >&3 "prerequisite $1 not satisfied"
593 return $eval_ret
596 test_have_prereq () {
597 # prerequisites can be concatenated with ','
598 save_IFS=$IFS
599 IFS=,
600 set -- $*
601 IFS=$save_IFS
603 total_prereq=0
604 ok_prereq=0
605 missing_prereq=
607 for prerequisite
609 case "$prerequisite" in
611 negative_prereq=t
612 prerequisite=${prerequisite#!}
615 negative_prereq=
616 esac
618 case " $lazily_tested_prereq " in
619 *" $prerequisite "*)
622 case " $lazily_testable_prereq " in
623 *" $prerequisite "*)
624 eval "script=\$test_prereq_lazily_$prerequisite" &&
625 if test_run_lazy_prereq_ "$prerequisite" "$script"
626 then
627 test_set_prereq $prerequisite
629 lazily_tested_prereq="$lazily_tested_prereq$prerequisite "
630 esac
632 esac
634 total_prereq=$(($total_prereq + 1))
635 case "$satisfied_prereq" in
636 *" $prerequisite "*)
637 satisfied_this_prereq=t
640 satisfied_this_prereq=
641 esac
643 case "$satisfied_this_prereq,$negative_prereq" in
644 t,|,t)
645 ok_prereq=$(($ok_prereq + 1))
648 # Keep a list of missing prerequisites; restore
649 # the negative marker if necessary.
650 prerequisite=${negative_prereq:+!}$prerequisite
651 if test -z "$missing_prereq"
652 then
653 missing_prereq=$prerequisite
654 else
655 missing_prereq="$prerequisite,$missing_prereq"
657 esac
658 done
660 test $total_prereq = $ok_prereq
663 test_declared_prereq () {
664 case ",$test_prereq," in
665 *,$1,*)
666 return 0
668 esac
669 return 1
672 test_verify_prereq () {
673 test -z "$test_prereq" ||
674 expr >/dev/null "$test_prereq" : '[A-Z0-9_,!]*$' ||
675 BUG "'$test_prereq' does not look like a prereq"
678 test_expect_failure () {
679 test_start_
680 test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
681 test "$#" = 2 ||
682 BUG "not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-failure"
683 test_verify_prereq
684 export test_prereq
685 if ! test_skip "$@"
686 then
687 say >&3 "checking known breakage of $TEST_NUMBER.$test_count '$1': $2"
688 if test_run_ "$2" expecting_failure
689 then
690 test_known_broken_ok_ "$1"
691 else
692 test_known_broken_failure_ "$1"
695 test_finish_
698 test_expect_success () {
699 test_start_
700 test "$#" = 3 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
701 test "$#" = 2 ||
702 BUG "not 2 or 3 parameters to test-expect-success"
703 test_verify_prereq
704 export test_prereq
705 if ! test_skip "$@"
706 then
707 say >&3 "expecting success of $TEST_NUMBER.$test_count '$1': $2"
708 if test_run_ "$2"
709 then
710 test_ok_ "$1"
711 else
712 test_failure_ "$@"
715 test_finish_
718 # test_external runs external test scripts that provide continuous
719 # test output about their progress, and succeeds/fails on
720 # zero/non-zero exit code. It outputs the test output on stdout even
721 # in non-verbose mode, and announces the external script with "# run
722 # <n>: ..." before running it. When providing relative paths, keep in
723 # mind that all scripts run in "trash directory".
724 # Usage: test_external description command arguments...
725 # Example: test_external 'Perl API' perl ../path/to/test.pl
726 test_external () {
727 test "$#" = 4 && { test_prereq=$1; shift; } || test_prereq=
728 test "$#" = 3 ||
729 BUG "not 3 or 4 parameters to test_external"
730 descr="$1"
731 shift
732 test_verify_prereq
733 export test_prereq
734 if ! test_skip "$descr" "$@"
735 then
736 # Announce the script to reduce confusion about the
737 # test output that follows.
738 say_color "" "# run $test_count: $descr ($*)"
739 # Export TEST_DIRECTORY, TRASH_DIRECTORY and GIT_TEST_LONG
740 # to be able to use them in script
741 export TEST_DIRECTORY TRASH_DIRECTORY GIT_TEST_LONG
742 # Run command; redirect its stderr to &4 as in
743 # test_run_, but keep its stdout on our stdout even in
744 # non-verbose mode.
745 "$@" 2>&4
746 if test "$?" = 0
747 then
748 if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
749 test_ok_ "$descr"
750 else
751 say_color "" "# test_external test $descr was ok"
752 test_success=$(($test_success + 1))
754 else
755 if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
756 test_failure_ "$descr" "$@"
757 else
758 say_color error "# test_external test $descr failed: $@"
759 test_failure=$(($test_failure + 1))
765 # Like test_external, but in addition tests that the command generated
766 # no output on stderr.
767 test_external_without_stderr () {
768 # The temporary file has no (and must have no) security
769 # implications.
770 tmp=${TMPDIR:-/tmp}
771 stderr="$tmp/git-external-stderr.$$.tmp"
772 test_external "$@" 4> "$stderr"
773 test -f "$stderr" || error "Internal error: $stderr disappeared."
774 descr="no stderr: $1"
775 shift
776 say >&3 "# expecting no stderr from previous command"
777 if test ! -s "$stderr"
778 then
779 rm "$stderr"
781 if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
782 test_ok_ "$descr"
783 else
784 say_color "" "# test_external_without_stderr test $descr was ok"
785 test_success=$(($test_success + 1))
787 else
788 if test "$verbose" = t
789 then
790 output=$(echo; echo "# Stderr is:"; cat "$stderr")
791 else
792 output=
794 # rm first in case test_failure exits.
795 rm "$stderr"
796 if test $test_external_has_tap -eq 0; then
797 test_failure_ "$descr" "$@" "$output"
798 else
799 say_color error "# test_external_without_stderr test $descr failed: $@: $output"
800 test_failure=$(($test_failure + 1))
805 # debugging-friendly alternatives to "test [-f|-d|-e]"
806 # The commands test the existence or non-existence of $1
807 test_path_is_file () {
808 test "$#" -ne 1 && BUG "1 param"
809 if ! test -f "$1"
810 then
811 echo "File $1 doesn't exist"
812 false
816 test_path_is_dir () {
817 test "$#" -ne 1 && BUG "1 param"
818 if ! test -d "$1"
819 then
820 echo "Directory $1 doesn't exist"
821 false
825 test_path_exists () {
826 test "$#" -ne 1 && BUG "1 param"
827 if ! test -e "$1"
828 then
829 echo "Path $1 doesn't exist"
830 false
834 # Check if the directory exists and is empty as expected, barf otherwise.
835 test_dir_is_empty () {
836 test "$#" -ne 1 && BUG "1 param"
837 test_path_is_dir "$1" &&
838 if test -n "$(ls -a1 "$1" | egrep -v '^\.\.?$')"
839 then
840 echo "Directory '$1' is not empty, it contains:"
841 ls -la "$1"
842 return 1
846 # Check if the file exists and has a size greater than zero
847 test_file_not_empty () {
848 test "$#" = 2 && BUG "2 param"
849 if ! test -s "$1"
850 then
851 echo "'$1' is not a non-empty file."
852 false
856 test_path_is_missing () {
857 test "$#" -ne 1 && BUG "1 param"
858 if test -e "$1"
859 then
860 echo "Path exists:"
861 ls -ld "$1"
862 if test $# -ge 1
863 then
864 echo "$*"
866 false
870 # test_line_count checks that a file has the number of lines it
871 # ought to. For example:
873 # test_expect_success 'produce exactly one line of output' '
874 # do something >output &&
875 # test_line_count = 1 output
878 # is like "test $(wc -l <output) = 1" except that it passes the
879 # output through when the number of lines is wrong.
881 test_line_count () {
882 if test $# != 3
883 then
884 BUG "not 3 parameters to test_line_count"
885 elif ! test $(wc -l <"$3") "$1" "$2"
886 then
887 echo "test_line_count: line count for $3 !$1 $2"
888 cat "$3"
889 return 1
893 # SYNOPSIS:
894 # test_stdout_line_count <bin-ops> <value> <cmd> [<args>...]
896 # test_stdout_line_count checks that the output of a command has the number
897 # of lines it ought to. For example:
899 # test_stdout_line_count = 3 git ls-files -u
900 # test_stdout_line_count -gt 10 ls
901 test_stdout_line_count () {
902 local ops val trashdir &&
903 if test "$#" -le 3
904 then
905 BUG "expect 3 or more arguments"
906 fi &&
907 ops="$1" &&
908 val="$2" &&
909 shift 2 &&
910 if ! trashdir="$(git rev-parse --git-dir)/trash"; then
911 BUG "expect to be run inside a worktree"
912 fi &&
913 mkdir -p "$trashdir" &&
914 "$@" >"$trashdir/output" &&
915 test_line_count "$ops" "$val" "$trashdir/output"
919 test_file_size () {
920 test "$#" -ne 1 && BUG "1 param"
921 test-tool path-utils file-size "$1"
924 # Returns success if a comma separated string of keywords ($1) contains a
925 # given keyword ($2).
926 # Examples:
927 # `list_contains "foo,bar" bar` returns 0
928 # `list_contains "foo" bar` returns 1
930 list_contains () {
931 case ",$1," in
932 *,$2,*)
933 return 0
935 esac
936 return 1
939 # Returns success if the arguments indicate that a command should be
940 # accepted by test_must_fail(). If the command is run with env, the env
941 # and its corresponding variable settings will be stripped before we
942 # test the command being run.
943 test_must_fail_acceptable () {
944 if test "$1" = "env"
945 then
946 shift
947 while test $# -gt 0
949 case "$1" in
950 *?=*)
951 shift
954 break
956 esac
957 done
960 case "$1" in
961 git|__git*|test-tool|test_terminal)
962 return 0
965 return 1
967 esac
970 # This is not among top-level (test_expect_success | test_expect_failure)
971 # but is a prefix that can be used in the test script, like:
973 # test_expect_success 'complain and die' '
974 # do something &&
975 # do something else &&
976 # test_must_fail git checkout ../outerspace
979 # Writing this as "! git checkout ../outerspace" is wrong, because
980 # the failure could be due to a segv. We want a controlled failure.
982 # Accepts the following options:
984 # ok=<signal-name>[,<...>]:
985 # Don't treat an exit caused by the given signal as error.
986 # Multiple signals can be specified as a comma separated list.
987 # Currently recognized signal names are: sigpipe, success.
988 # (Don't use 'success', use 'test_might_fail' instead.)
990 # Do not use this to run anything but "git" and other specific testable
991 # commands (see test_must_fail_acceptable()). We are not in the
992 # business of vetting system supplied commands -- in other words, this
993 # is wrong:
995 # test_must_fail grep pattern output
997 # Instead use '!':
999 # ! grep pattern output
1001 test_must_fail () {
1002 case "$1" in
1003 ok=*)
1004 _test_ok=${1#ok=}
1005 shift
1008 _test_ok=
1010 esac
1011 if ! test_must_fail_acceptable "$@"
1012 then
1013 echo >&7 "test_must_fail: only 'git' is allowed: $*"
1014 return 1
1016 "$@" 2>&7
1017 exit_code=$?
1018 if test $exit_code -eq 0 && ! list_contains "$_test_ok" success
1019 then
1020 echo >&4 "test_must_fail: command succeeded: $*"
1021 return 1
1022 elif test_match_signal 13 $exit_code && list_contains "$_test_ok" sigpipe
1023 then
1024 return 0
1025 elif test $exit_code -gt 129 && test $exit_code -le 192
1026 then
1027 echo >&4 "test_must_fail: died by signal $(($exit_code - 128)): $*"
1028 return 1
1029 elif test $exit_code -eq 127
1030 then
1031 echo >&4 "test_must_fail: command not found: $*"
1032 return 1
1033 elif test $exit_code -eq 126
1034 then
1035 echo >&4 "test_must_fail: valgrind error: $*"
1036 return 1
1038 return 0
1039 } 7>&2 2>&4
1041 # Similar to test_must_fail, but tolerates success, too. This is
1042 # meant to be used in contexts like:
1044 # test_expect_success 'some command works without configuration' '
1045 # test_might_fail git config --unset all.configuration &&
1046 # do something
1049 # Writing "git config --unset all.configuration || :" would be wrong,
1050 # because we want to notice if it fails due to segv.
1052 # Accepts the same options as test_must_fail.
1054 test_might_fail () {
1055 test_must_fail ok=success "$@" 2>&7
1056 } 7>&2 2>&4
1058 # Similar to test_must_fail and test_might_fail, but check that a
1059 # given command exited with a given exit code. Meant to be used as:
1061 # test_expect_success 'Merge with d/f conflicts' '
1062 # test_expect_code 1 git merge "merge msg" B master
1065 test_expect_code () {
1066 want_code=$1
1067 shift
1068 "$@" 2>&7
1069 exit_code=$?
1070 if test $exit_code = $want_code
1071 then
1072 return 0
1075 echo >&4 "test_expect_code: command exited with $exit_code, we wanted $want_code $*"
1076 return 1
1077 } 7>&2 2>&4
1079 # test_cmp is a helper function to compare actual and expected output.
1080 # You can use it like:
1082 # test_expect_success 'foo works' '
1083 # echo expected >expected &&
1084 # foo >actual &&
1085 # test_cmp expected actual
1088 # This could be written as either "cmp" or "diff -u", but:
1089 # - cmp's output is not nearly as easy to read as diff -u
1090 # - not all diff versions understand "-u"
1092 test_cmp () {
1093 test "$#" -ne 2 && BUG "2 param"
1094 eval "$GIT_TEST_CMP" '"$@"'
1097 # Check that the given config key has the expected value.
1099 # test_cmp_config [-C <dir>] <expected-value>
1100 # [<git-config-options>...] <config-key>
1102 # for example to check that the value of core.bar is foo
1104 # test_cmp_config foo core.bar
1106 test_cmp_config () {
1107 local GD &&
1108 if test "$1" = "-C"
1109 then
1110 shift &&
1111 GD="-C $1" &&
1112 shift
1113 fi &&
1114 printf "%s\n" "$1" >expect.config &&
1115 shift &&
1116 git $GD config "$@" >actual.config &&
1117 test_cmp expect.config actual.config
1120 # test_cmp_bin - helper to compare binary files
1122 test_cmp_bin () {
1123 test "$#" -ne 2 && BUG "2 param"
1124 cmp "$@"
1127 # Wrapper for grep which used to be used for
1128 # GIT_TEST_GETTEXT_POISON=false. Only here as a shim for other
1129 # in-flight changes. Should not be used and will be removed soon.
1130 test_i18ngrep () {
1131 eval "last_arg=\${$#}"
1133 test -f "$last_arg" ||
1134 BUG "test_i18ngrep requires a file to read as the last parameter"
1136 if test $# -lt 2 ||
1137 { test "x!" = "x$1" && test $# -lt 3 ; }
1138 then
1139 BUG "too few parameters to test_i18ngrep"
1142 if test "x!" = "x$1"
1143 then
1144 shift
1145 ! grep "$@" && return 0
1147 echo >&4 "error: '! grep $@' did find a match in:"
1148 else
1149 grep "$@" && return 0
1151 echo >&4 "error: 'grep $@' didn't find a match in:"
1154 if test -s "$last_arg"
1155 then
1156 cat >&4 "$last_arg"
1157 else
1158 echo >&4 "<File '$last_arg' is empty>"
1161 return 1
1164 # Call any command "$@" but be more verbose about its
1165 # failure. This is handy for commands like "test" which do
1166 # not output anything when they fail.
1167 verbose () {
1168 "$@" && return 0
1169 echo >&4 "command failed: $(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$@")"
1170 return 1
1173 # Check if the file expected to be empty is indeed empty, and barfs
1174 # otherwise.
1176 test_must_be_empty () {
1177 test "$#" -ne 1 && BUG "1 param"
1178 test_path_is_file "$1" &&
1179 if test -s "$1"
1180 then
1181 echo "'$1' is not empty, it contains:"
1182 cat "$1"
1183 return 1
1187 # Tests that its two parameters refer to the same revision, or if '!' is
1188 # provided first, that its other two parameters refer to different
1189 # revisions.
1190 test_cmp_rev () {
1191 local op='=' wrong_result=different
1193 if test $# -ge 1 && test "x$1" = 'x!'
1194 then
1195 op='!='
1196 wrong_result='the same'
1197 shift
1199 if test $# != 2
1200 then
1201 BUG "test_cmp_rev requires two revisions, but got $#"
1202 else
1203 local r1 r2
1204 r1=$(git rev-parse --verify "$1") &&
1205 r2=$(git rev-parse --verify "$2") || return 1
1207 if ! test "$r1" "$op" "$r2"
1208 then
1209 cat >&4 <<-EOF
1210 error: two revisions point to $wrong_result objects:
1211 '$1': $r1
1212 '$2': $r2
1214 return 1
1219 # Compare paths respecting core.ignoreCase
1220 test_cmp_fspath () {
1221 if test "x$1" = "x$2"
1222 then
1223 return 0
1226 if test true != "$(git config --get --type=bool core.ignorecase)"
1227 then
1228 return 1
1231 test "x$(echo "$1" | tr A-Z a-z)" = "x$(echo "$2" | tr A-Z a-z)"
1234 # Print a sequence of integers in increasing order, either with
1235 # two arguments (start and end):
1237 # test_seq 1 5 -- outputs 1 2 3 4 5 one line at a time
1239 # or with one argument (end), in which case it starts counting
1240 # from 1.
1242 test_seq () {
1243 case $# in
1244 1) set 1 "$@" ;;
1245 2) ;;
1246 *) BUG "not 1 or 2 parameters to test_seq" ;;
1247 esac
1248 test_seq_counter__=$1
1249 while test "$test_seq_counter__" -le "$2"
1251 echo "$test_seq_counter__"
1252 test_seq_counter__=$(( $test_seq_counter__ + 1 ))
1253 done
1256 # This function can be used to schedule some commands to be run
1257 # unconditionally at the end of the test to restore sanity:
1259 # test_expect_success 'test core.capslock' '
1260 # git config core.capslock true &&
1261 # test_when_finished "git config --unset core.capslock" &&
1262 # hello world
1265 # That would be roughly equivalent to
1267 # test_expect_success 'test core.capslock' '
1268 # git config core.capslock true &&
1269 # hello world
1270 # git config --unset core.capslock
1273 # except that the greeting and config --unset must both succeed for
1274 # the test to pass.
1276 # Note that under --immediate mode, no clean-up is done to help diagnose
1277 # what went wrong.
1279 test_when_finished () {
1280 # We cannot detect when we are in a subshell in general, but by
1281 # doing so on Bash is better than nothing (the test will
1282 # silently pass on other shells).
1283 test "${BASH_SUBSHELL-0}" = 0 ||
1284 BUG "test_when_finished does nothing in a subshell"
1285 test_cleanup="{ $*
1286 } && (exit \"\$eval_ret\"); eval_ret=\$?; $test_cleanup"
1289 # This function can be used to schedule some commands to be run
1290 # unconditionally at the end of the test script, e.g. to stop a daemon:
1292 # test_expect_success 'test git daemon' '
1293 # git daemon &
1294 # daemon_pid=$! &&
1295 # test_atexit 'kill $daemon_pid' &&
1296 # hello world
1299 # The commands will be executed before the trash directory is removed,
1300 # i.e. the atexit commands will still be able to access any pidfiles or
1301 # socket files.
1303 # Note that these commands will be run even when a test script run
1304 # with '--immediate' fails. Be careful with your atexit commands to
1305 # minimize any changes to the failed state.
1307 test_atexit () {
1308 # We cannot detect when we are in a subshell in general, but by
1309 # doing so on Bash is better than nothing (the test will
1310 # silently pass on other shells).
1311 test "${BASH_SUBSHELL-0}" = 0 ||
1312 BUG "test_atexit does nothing in a subshell"
1313 test_atexit_cleanup="{ $*
1314 } && (exit \"\$eval_ret\"); eval_ret=\$?; $test_atexit_cleanup"
1317 # Deprecated wrapper for "git init", use "git init" directly instead
1318 # Usage: test_create_repo <directory>
1319 test_create_repo () {
1320 git init "$@"
1323 # This function helps on symlink challenged file systems when it is not
1324 # important that the file system entry is a symbolic link.
1325 # Use test_ln_s_add instead of "ln -s x y && git add y" to add a
1326 # symbolic link entry y to the index.
1328 test_ln_s_add () {
1329 if test_have_prereq SYMLINKS
1330 then
1331 ln -s "$1" "$2" &&
1332 git update-index --add "$2"
1333 else
1334 printf '%s' "$1" >"$2" &&
1335 ln_s_obj=$(git hash-object -w "$2") &&
1336 git update-index --add --cacheinfo 120000 $ln_s_obj "$2" &&
1337 # pick up stat info from the file
1338 git update-index "$2"
1342 # This function writes out its parameters, one per line
1343 test_write_lines () {
1344 printf "%s\n" "$@"
1347 perl () {
1348 command "$PERL_PATH" "$@" 2>&7
1349 } 7>&2 2>&4
1351 # Given the name of an environment variable with a bool value, normalize
1352 # its value to a 0 (true) or 1 (false or empty string) return code.
1354 # test_bool_env GIT_TEST_HTTPD <default-value>
1356 # Return with code corresponding to the given default value if the variable
1357 # is unset.
1358 # Abort the test script if either the value of the variable or the default
1359 # are not valid bool values.
1361 test_bool_env () {
1362 if test $# != 2
1363 then
1364 BUG "test_bool_env requires two parameters (variable name and default value)"
1367 git env--helper --type=bool --default="$2" --exit-code "$1"
1368 ret=$?
1369 case $ret in
1370 0|1) # unset or valid bool value
1372 *) # invalid bool value or something unexpected
1373 error >&7 "test_bool_env requires bool values both for \$$1 and for the default fallback"
1375 esac
1376 return $ret
1379 # Exit the test suite, either by skipping all remaining tests or by
1380 # exiting with an error. If our prerequisite variable $1 falls back
1381 # on a default assume we were opportunistically trying to set up some
1382 # tests and we skip. If it is explicitly "true", then we report a failure.
1384 # The error/skip message should be given by $2.
1386 test_skip_or_die () {
1387 if ! test_bool_env "$1" false
1388 then
1389 skip_all=$2
1390 test_done
1392 error "$2"
1395 # The following mingw_* functions obey POSIX shell syntax, but are actually
1396 # bash scripts, and are meant to be used only with bash on Windows.
1398 # A test_cmp function that treats LF and CRLF equal and avoids to fork
1399 # diff when possible.
1400 mingw_test_cmp () {
1401 # Read text into shell variables and compare them. If the results
1402 # are different, use regular diff to report the difference.
1403 local test_cmp_a= test_cmp_b=
1405 # When text came from stdin (one argument is '-') we must feed it
1406 # to diff.
1407 local stdin_for_diff=
1409 # Since it is difficult to detect the difference between an
1410 # empty input file and a failure to read the files, we go straight
1411 # to diff if one of the inputs is empty.
1412 if test -s "$1" && test -s "$2"
1413 then
1414 # regular case: both files non-empty
1415 mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_a <"$1"
1416 mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_b <"$2"
1417 elif test -s "$1" && test "$2" = -
1418 then
1419 # read 2nd file from stdin
1420 mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_a <"$1"
1421 mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_b
1422 stdin_for_diff='<<<"$test_cmp_b"'
1423 elif test "$1" = - && test -s "$2"
1424 then
1425 # read 1st file from stdin
1426 mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_a
1427 mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ test_cmp_b <"$2"
1428 stdin_for_diff='<<<"$test_cmp_a"'
1430 test -n "$test_cmp_a" &&
1431 test -n "$test_cmp_b" &&
1432 test "$test_cmp_a" = "$test_cmp_b" ||
1433 eval "diff -u \"\$@\" $stdin_for_diff"
1436 # $1 is the name of the shell variable to fill in
1437 mingw_read_file_strip_cr_ () {
1438 # Read line-wise using LF as the line separator
1439 # and use IFS to strip CR.
1440 local line
1441 while :
1443 if IFS=$'\r' read -r -d $'\n' line
1444 then
1445 # good
1446 line=$line$'\n'
1447 else
1448 # we get here at EOF, but also if the last line
1449 # was not terminated by LF; in the latter case,
1450 # some text was read
1451 if test -z "$line"
1452 then
1453 # EOF, really
1454 break
1457 eval "$1=\$$1\$line"
1458 done
1461 # Like "env FOO=BAR some-program", but run inside a subshell, which means
1462 # it also works for shell functions (though those functions cannot impact
1463 # the environment outside of the test_env invocation).
1464 test_env () {
1466 while test $# -gt 0
1468 case "$1" in
1469 *=*)
1470 eval "${1%%=*}=\${1#*=}"
1471 eval "export ${1%%=*}"
1472 shift
1475 "$@" 2>&7
1476 exit
1478 esac
1479 done
1481 } 7>&2 2>&4
1483 # Returns true if the numeric exit code in "$2" represents the expected signal
1484 # in "$1". Signals should be given numerically.
1485 test_match_signal () {
1486 if test "$2" = "$((128 + $1))"
1487 then
1488 # POSIX
1489 return 0
1490 elif test "$2" = "$((256 + $1))"
1491 then
1492 # ksh
1493 return 0
1495 return 1
1498 # Read up to "$1" bytes (or to EOF) from stdin and write them to stdout.
1499 test_copy_bytes () {
1500 perl -e '
1501 my $len = $ARGV[1];
1502 while ($len > 0) {
1503 my $s;
1504 my $nread = sysread(STDIN, $s, $len);
1505 die "cannot read: $!" unless defined($nread);
1506 last unless $nread;
1507 print $s;
1508 $len -= $nread;
1510 ' - "$1"
1513 # run "$@" inside a non-git directory
1514 nongit () {
1515 test -d non-repo ||
1516 mkdir non-repo ||
1517 return 1
1520 GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=$(pwd) &&
1521 export GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES &&
1522 cd non-repo &&
1523 "$@" 2>&7
1525 } 7>&2 2>&4
1527 # These functions are historical wrappers around "test-tool pkt-line"
1528 # for older tests. Use "test-tool pkt-line" itself in new tests.
1529 packetize () {
1530 if test $# -gt 0
1531 then
1532 packet="$*"
1533 printf '%04x%s' "$((4 + ${#packet}))" "$packet"
1534 else
1535 test-tool pkt-line pack
1539 packetize_raw () {
1540 test-tool pkt-line pack-raw-stdin
1543 depacketize () {
1544 test-tool pkt-line unpack
1547 # Converts base-16 data into base-8. The output is given as a sequence of
1548 # escaped octals, suitable for consumption by 'printf'.
1549 hex2oct () {
1550 perl -ne 'printf "\\%03o", hex for /../g'
1553 # Set the hash algorithm in use to $1. Only useful when testing the testsuite.
1554 test_set_hash () {
1555 test_hash_algo="$1"
1558 # Detect the hash algorithm in use.
1559 test_detect_hash () {
1560 test_hash_algo="${GIT_TEST_DEFAULT_HASH:-sha1}"
1563 # Load common hash metadata and common placeholder object IDs for use with
1564 # test_oid.
1565 test_oid_init () {
1566 test -n "$test_hash_algo" || test_detect_hash &&
1567 test_oid_cache <"$TEST_DIRECTORY/oid-info/hash-info" &&
1568 test_oid_cache <"$TEST_DIRECTORY/oid-info/oid"
1571 # Load key-value pairs from stdin suitable for use with test_oid. Blank lines
1572 # and lines starting with "#" are ignored. Keys must be shell identifier
1573 # characters.
1575 # Examples:
1576 # rawsz sha1:20
1577 # rawsz sha256:32
1578 test_oid_cache () {
1579 local tag rest k v &&
1581 { test -n "$test_hash_algo" || test_detect_hash; } &&
1582 while read tag rest
1584 case $tag in
1585 \#*)
1586 continue;;
1588 # non-empty
1591 # blank line
1592 continue;;
1593 esac &&
1595 k="${rest%:*}" &&
1596 v="${rest#*:}" &&
1598 if ! expr "$k" : '[a-z0-9][a-z0-9]*$' >/dev/null
1599 then
1600 BUG 'bad hash algorithm'
1601 fi &&
1602 eval "test_oid_${k}_$tag=\"\$v\""
1603 done
1606 # Look up a per-hash value based on a key ($1). The value must have been loaded
1607 # by test_oid_init or test_oid_cache.
1608 test_oid () {
1609 local algo="${test_hash_algo}" &&
1611 case "$1" in
1612 --hash=*)
1613 algo="${1#--hash=}" &&
1614 shift;;
1617 esac &&
1619 local var="test_oid_${algo}_$1" &&
1621 # If the variable is unset, we must be missing an entry for this
1622 # key-hash pair, so exit with an error.
1623 if eval "test -z \"\${$var+set}\""
1624 then
1625 BUG "undefined key '$1'"
1626 fi &&
1627 eval "printf '%s' \"\${$var}\""
1630 # Insert a slash into an object ID so it can be used to reference a location
1631 # under ".git/objects". For example, "deadbeef..." becomes "de/adbeef..".
1632 test_oid_to_path () {
1633 local basename=${1#??}
1634 echo "${1%$basename}/$basename"
1637 # Choose a port number based on the test script's number and store it in
1638 # the given variable name, unless that variable already contains a number.
1639 test_set_port () {
1640 local var=$1 port
1642 if test $# -ne 1 || test -z "$var"
1643 then
1644 BUG "test_set_port requires a variable name"
1647 eval port=\$$var
1648 case "$port" in
1650 # No port is set in the given env var, use the test
1651 # number as port number instead.
1652 # Remove not only the leading 't', but all leading zeros
1653 # as well, so the arithmetic below won't (mis)interpret
1654 # a test number like '0123' as an octal value.
1655 port=${this_test#${this_test%%[1-9]*}}
1656 if test "${port:-0}" -lt 1024
1657 then
1658 # root-only port, use a larger one instead.
1659 port=$(($port + 10000))
1662 *[!0-9]*|0*)
1663 error >&7 "invalid port number: $port"
1666 # The user has specified the port.
1668 esac
1670 # Make sure that parallel '--stress' test jobs get different
1671 # ports.
1672 port=$(($port + ${GIT_TEST_STRESS_JOB_NR:-0}))
1673 eval $var=$port
1676 # Tests for the hidden file attribute on Windows
1677 test_path_is_hidden () {
1678 test_have_prereq MINGW ||
1679 BUG "test_path_is_hidden can only be used on Windows"
1681 # Use the output of `attrib`, ignore the absolute path
1682 case "$("$SYSTEMROOT"/system32/attrib "$1")" in *H*?:*) return 0;; esac
1683 return 1
1686 # Check that the given command was invoked as part of the
1687 # trace2-format trace on stdin.
1689 # test_subcommand [!] <command> <args>... < <trace>
1691 # For example, to look for an invocation of "git upload-pack
1692 # /path/to/repo"
1694 # GIT_TRACE2_EVENT=event.log git fetch ... &&
1695 # test_subcommand git upload-pack "$PATH" <event.log
1697 # If the first parameter passed is !, this instead checks that
1698 # the given command was not called.
1700 test_subcommand () {
1701 local negate=
1702 if test "$1" = "!"
1703 then
1704 negate=t
1705 shift
1708 local expr=$(printf '"%s",' "$@")
1709 expr="${expr%,}"
1711 if test -n "$negate"
1712 then
1713 ! grep "\[$expr\]"
1714 else
1715 grep "\[$expr\]"
1719 # Check that the given command was invoked as part of the
1720 # trace2-format trace on stdin.
1722 # test_region [!] <category> <label> git <command> <args>...
1724 # For example, to look for trace2_region_enter("index", "do_read_index", repo)
1725 # in an invocation of "git checkout HEAD~1", run
1727 # GIT_TRACE2_EVENT="$(pwd)/trace.txt" GIT_TRACE2_EVENT_NESTING=10 \
1728 # git checkout HEAD~1 &&
1729 # test_region index do_read_index <trace.txt
1731 # If the first parameter passed is !, this instead checks that
1732 # the given region was not entered.
1734 test_region () {
1735 local expect_exit=0
1736 if test "$1" = "!"
1737 then
1738 expect_exit=1
1739 shift
1742 grep -e '"region_enter".*"category":"'"$1"'","label":"'"$2"\" "$3"
1743 exitcode=$?
1745 if test $exitcode != $expect_exit
1746 then
1747 return 1
1750 grep -e '"region_leave".*"category":"'"$1"'","label":"'"$2"\" "$3"
1751 exitcode=$?
1753 if test $exitcode != $expect_exit
1754 then
1755 return 1
1758 return 0
1761 # Print the destination of symlink(s) provided as arguments. Basically
1762 # the same as the readlink command, but it's not available everywhere.
1763 test_readlink () {
1764 perl -le 'print readlink($_) for @ARGV' "$@"