6 git-send-email - Send a collection of patches as emails
11 'git send-email' [options] <file|directory|rev-list options>...
16 Takes the patches given on the command line and emails them out.
17 Patches can be specified as files, directories (which will send all
18 files in the directory), or directly as a revision list. In the
19 last case, any format accepted by linkgit:git-format-patch[1] can
20 be passed to git send-email.
22 The header of the email is configurable by command line options. If not
23 specified on the command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine
24 enabled interface to provide the necessary information.
26 There are two formats accepted for patch files:
30 This is what linkgit:git-format-patch[1] generates. Most headers and MIME
31 formatting are ignored.
33 2. The original format used by Greg Kroah-Hartman's 'send_lots_of_email.pl'
36 This format expects the first line of the file to contain the "Cc:" value
37 and the "Subject:" of the message as the second line.
47 Review and edit each patch you're about to send. See the
48 CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
51 Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of
54 The --bcc option must be repeated for each user you want on the bcc list.
57 Specify a starting "Cc:" value for each email.
58 Default is the value of 'sendemail.cc'.
60 The --cc option must be repeated for each user you want on the cc list.
63 Invoke a text editor (see GIT_EDITOR in linkgit:git-var[1])
64 to edit an introductory message for the patch series.
66 When '--compose' is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and
67 In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
68 (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank
69 (or GIT: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
70 and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.
72 Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
74 See the CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
77 Specify the sender of the emails. If not specified on the command line,
78 the value of the 'sendemail.from' configuration option is used. If
79 neither the command line option nor 'sendemail.from' are set, then the
80 user will be prompted for the value. The default for the prompt will be
81 the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not
82 set, as returned by "git var -l".
84 --in-reply-to=<identifier>::
85 Make the first mail (or all the mails with `--no-thread`) appear as a
86 reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
87 provide a new patch series.
88 The second and subsequent emails will be sent as replies according to
89 the `--[no]-chain-reply-to` setting.
91 So for example when `--thread` and `--no-chain-reply-to` are specified, the
92 second and subsequent patches will be replies to the first one like in the
93 illustration below where `[PATCH v2 0/3]` is in reply to `[PATCH 0/2]`:
95 [PATCH 0/2] Here is what I did...
96 [PATCH 1/2] Clean up and tests
97 [PATCH 2/2] Implementation
98 [PATCH v2 0/3] Here is a reroll
99 [PATCH v2 1/3] Clean up
100 [PATCH v2 2/3] New tests
101 [PATCH v2 3/3] Implementation
103 Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
104 is not set, this will be prompted for.
107 Specify the initial subject of the email thread.
108 Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
109 is not set, this will be prompted for.
112 Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated. Generally, this
113 will be the upstream maintainer of the project involved. Default is the
114 value of the 'sendemail.to' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
115 and --to-cmd is not specified, this will be prompted for.
117 The --to option must be repeated for each user you want on the to list.
119 --8bit-encoding=<encoding>::
120 When encountering a non-ASCII message or subject that does not
121 declare its encoding, add headers/quoting to indicate it is
122 encoded in <encoding>. Default is the value of the
123 'sendemail.assume8bitEncoding'; if that is unspecified, this
124 will be prompted for if any non-ASCII files are encountered.
126 Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding.
132 --envelope-sender=<address>::
133 Specify the envelope sender used to send the emails.
134 This is useful if your default address is not the address that is
135 subscribed to a list. In order to use the 'From' address, set the
136 value to "auto". If you use the sendmail binary, you must have
137 suitable privileges for the -f parameter. Default is the value of the
138 'sendemail.envelopesender' configuration variable; if that is
139 unspecified, choosing the envelope sender is left to your MTA.
141 --smtp-encryption=<encryption>::
142 Specify the encryption to use, either 'ssl' or 'tls'. Any other
143 value reverts to plain SMTP. Default is the value of
144 'sendemail.smtpencryption'.
146 --smtp-domain=<FQDN>::
147 Specifies the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used in the
148 HELO/EHLO command to the SMTP server. Some servers require the
149 FQDN to match your IP address. If not set, git send-email attempts
150 to determine your FQDN automatically. Default is the value of
151 'sendemail.smtpdomain'.
153 --smtp-pass[=<password>]::
154 Password for SMTP-AUTH. The argument is optional: If no
155 argument is specified, then the empty string is used as
156 the password. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtppass',
157 however '--smtp-pass' always overrides this value.
159 Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files
160 or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
161 '--smtp-user' or a 'sendemail.smtpuser'), but no password has been
162 specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtppass'), then the
163 user is prompted for a password while the input is masked for privacy.
165 --smtp-server=<host>::
166 If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
167 `smtp.example.com` or a raw IP address). Alternatively it can
168 specify a full pathname of a sendmail-like program instead;
169 the program must support the `-i` option. Default value can
170 be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserver' configuration
171 option; the built-in default is `/usr/sbin/sendmail` or
172 `/usr/lib/sendmail` if such program is available, or
173 `localhost` otherwise.
175 --smtp-server-port=<port>::
176 Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP
177 servers typically listen to smtp port 25, but may also listen to
178 submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port 465);
179 symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 587)
180 are also accepted. The port can also be set with the
181 'sendemail.smtpserverport' configuration variable.
183 --smtp-server-option=<option>::
184 If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server option to use.
185 Default value can be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserveroption'
186 configuration option.
188 The --smtp-server-option option must be repeated for each option you want
189 to pass to the server. Likewise, different lines in the configuration files
190 must be used for each option.
193 Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
196 Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtpuser';
197 if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or 'sendemail.smtpuser'),
198 then authentication is not attempted.
205 Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
206 should generate patch file specific "To:" entries.
207 Output of this command must be single email address per line.
208 Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocmd' configuration value.
211 Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
212 should generate patch file specific "Cc:" entries.
213 Output of this command must be single email address per line.
214 Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccmd' configuration value.
216 --[no-]chain-reply-to::
217 If this is set, each email will be sent as a reply to the previous
218 email sent. If disabled with "--no-chain-reply-to", all emails after
219 the first will be sent as replies to the first email sent. When using
220 this, it is recommended that the first file given be an overview of the
221 entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the 'sendemail.chainreplyto'
222 configuration variable can be used to enable it.
224 --identity=<identity>::
225 A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the
226 'sendemail.<identity>' subsection to take precedence over
227 values in the 'sendemail' section. The default identity is
228 the value of 'sendemail.identity'.
230 --[no-]signed-off-by-cc::
231 If this is set, add emails found in Signed-off-by: or Cc: lines to the
232 cc list. Default is the value of 'sendemail.signedoffbycc' configuration
233 value; if that is unspecified, default to --signed-off-by-cc.
235 --suppress-cc=<category>::
236 Specify an additional category of recipients to suppress the
240 - 'author' will avoid including the patch author
241 - 'self' will avoid including the sender
242 - 'cc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the patch header
243 except for self (use 'self' for that).
244 - 'bodycc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the
245 patch body (commit message) except for self (use 'self' for that).
246 - 'sob' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Signed-off-by lines except
247 for self (use 'self' for that).
248 - 'cccmd' will avoid running the --cc-cmd.
249 - 'body' is equivalent to 'sob' + 'bodycc'
250 - 'all' will suppress all auto cc values.
253 Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppresscc' configuration value; if
254 that is unspecified, default to 'self' if --suppress-from is
255 specified, as well as 'body' if --no-signed-off-cc is specified.
257 --[no-]suppress-from::
258 If this is set, do not add the From: address to the cc: list.
259 Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppressfrom' configuration
260 value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-suppress-from.
263 If this is set, the In-Reply-To and References headers will be
264 added to each email sent. Whether each mail refers to the
265 previous email (`deep` threading per 'git format-patch'
266 wording) or to the first email (`shallow` threading) is
267 governed by "--[no-]chain-reply-to".
269 If disabled with "--no-thread", those headers will not be added
270 (unless specified with --in-reply-to). Default is the value of the
271 'sendemail.thread' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
274 It is up to the user to ensure that no In-Reply-To header already
275 exists when 'git send-email' is asked to add it (especially note that
276 'git format-patch' can be configured to do the threading itself).
277 Failure to do so may not produce the expected result in the
285 Confirm just before sending:
288 - 'always' will always confirm before sending
289 - 'never' will never confirm before sending
290 - 'cc' will confirm before sending when send-email has automatically
291 added addresses from the patch to the Cc list
292 - 'compose' will confirm before sending the first message when using --compose.
293 - 'auto' is equivalent to 'cc' + 'compose'
296 Default is the value of 'sendemail.confirm' configuration value; if that
297 is unspecified, default to 'auto' unless any of the suppress options
298 have been specified, in which case default to 'compose'.
301 Do everything except actually send the emails.
303 --[no-]format-patch::
304 When an argument may be understood either as a reference or as a file name,
305 choose to understand it as a format-patch argument ('--format-patch')
306 or as a file name ('--no-format-patch'). By default, when such a conflict
307 occurs, git send-email will fail.
310 Make git-send-email less verbose. One line per email should be
314 Perform sanity checks on patches.
315 Currently, validation means the following:
318 * Warn of patches that contain lines longer than 998 characters; this
319 is due to SMTP limits as described by http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt.
322 Default is the value of 'sendemail.validate'; if this is not set,
323 default to '--validate'.
326 Send emails even if safety checks would prevent it.
332 sendemail.aliasesfile::
333 To avoid typing long email addresses, point this to one or more
334 email aliases files. You must also supply 'sendemail.aliasfiletype'.
336 sendemail.aliasfiletype::
337 Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesfile. Must be
338 one of 'mutt', 'mailrc', 'pine', 'elm', or 'gnus'.
340 sendemail.multiedit::
341 If true (default), a single editor instance will be spawned to edit
342 files you have to edit (patches when '--annotate' is used, and the
343 summary when '--compose' is used). If false, files will be edited one
344 after the other, spawning a new editor each time.
347 Sets the default for whether to confirm before sending. Must be
348 one of 'always', 'never', 'cc', 'compose', or 'auto'. See '--confirm'
349 in the previous section for the meaning of these values.
351 Use gmail as the smtp server
352 ----------------------------
354 Add the following section to the config file:
358 smtpserver = smtp.gmail.com
359 smtpuser = yourname@gmail.com
362 Note: the following perl modules are required
363 Net::SMTP::SSL, MIME::Base64 and Authen::SASL
367 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite