6 git-branch - List, create, or delete branches
11 'git branch' [--color[=<when>] | --no-color] [--show-current]
12 [-v [--abbrev=<n> | --no-abbrev]]
13 [--column[=<options>] | --no-column] [--sort=<key>]
14 [--merged [<commit>]] [--no-merged [<commit>]]
15 [--contains [<commit>]] [--no-contains [<commit>]]
16 [--points-at <object>] [--format=<format>]
17 [(-r | --remotes) | (-a | --all)]
18 [--list] [<pattern>...]
19 'git branch' [--track | --no-track] [-f] <branchname> [<start-point>]
20 'git branch' (--set-upstream-to=<upstream> | -u <upstream>) [<branchname>]
21 'git branch' --unset-upstream [<branchname>]
22 'git branch' (-m | -M) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
23 'git branch' (-c | -C) [<oldbranch>] <newbranch>
24 'git branch' (-d | -D) [-r] <branchname>...
25 'git branch' --edit-description [<branchname>]
30 If `--list` is given, or if there are no non-option arguments, existing
31 branches are listed; the current branch will be highlighted in green and
32 marked with an asterisk. Any branches checked out in linked worktrees will
33 be highlighted in cyan and marked with a plus sign. Option `-r` causes the
34 remote-tracking branches to be listed,
35 and option `-a` shows both local and remote branches.
38 is given, it is used as a shell wildcard to restrict the output to
39 matching branches. If multiple patterns are given, a branch is shown if
40 it matches any of the patterns.
42 Note that when providing a
43 `<pattern>`, you must use `--list`; otherwise the command may be interpreted
46 With `--contains`, shows only the branches that contain the named commit
47 (in other words, the branches whose tip commits are descendants of the
48 named commit), `--no-contains` inverts it. With `--merged`, only branches
49 merged into the named commit (i.e. the branches whose tip commits are
50 reachable from the named commit) will be listed. With `--no-merged` only
51 branches not merged into the named commit will be listed. If the <commit>
52 argument is missing it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the tip of the current
55 The command's second form creates a new branch head named <branchname>
56 which points to the current `HEAD`, or <start-point> if given. As a
57 special case, for <start-point>, you may use `"A...B"` as a shortcut for
58 the merge base of `A` and `B` if there is exactly one merge base. You
59 can leave out at most one of `A` and `B`, in which case it defaults to
62 Note that this will create the new branch, but it will not switch the
63 working tree to it; use "git switch <newbranch>" to switch to the
66 When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the
67 branch (specifically the `branch.<name>.remote` and `branch.<name>.merge`
68 configuration entries) so that 'git pull' will appropriately merge from
69 the remote-tracking branch. This behavior may be changed via the global
70 `branch.autoSetupMerge` configuration flag. That setting can be
71 overridden by using the `--track` and `--no-track` options, and
72 changed later using `git branch --set-upstream-to`.
74 With a `-m` or `-M` option, <oldbranch> will be renamed to <newbranch>.
75 If <oldbranch> had a corresponding reflog, it is renamed to match
76 <newbranch>, and a reflog entry is created to remember the branch
77 renaming. If <newbranch> exists, -M must be used to force the rename
80 The `-c` and `-C` options have the exact same semantics as `-m` and
81 `-M`, except instead of the branch being renamed, it will be copied to a
82 new name, along with its config and reflog.
84 With a `-d` or `-D` option, `<branchname>` will be deleted. You may
85 specify more than one branch for deletion. If the branch currently
86 has a reflog then the reflog will also be deleted.
88 Use `-r` together with `-d` to delete remote-tracking branches. Note, that it
89 only makes sense to delete remote-tracking branches if they no longer exist
90 in the remote repository or if 'git fetch' was configured not to fetch
91 them again. See also the 'prune' subcommand of linkgit:git-remote[1] for a
92 way to clean up all obsolete remote-tracking branches.
99 Delete a branch. The branch must be fully merged in its
100 upstream branch, or in `HEAD` if no upstream was set with
101 `--track` or `--set-upstream-to`.
104 Shortcut for `--delete --force`.
107 Create the branch's reflog. This activates recording of
108 all changes made to the branch ref, enabling use of date
109 based sha1 expressions such as "<branchname>@\{yesterday}".
110 Note that in non-bare repositories, reflogs are usually
111 enabled by default by the `core.logAllRefUpdates` config option.
112 The negated form `--no-create-reflog` only overrides an earlier
113 `--create-reflog`, but currently does not negate the setting of
114 `core.logAllRefUpdates`.
118 Reset <branchname> to <startpoint>, even if <branchname> exists
119 already. Without `-f`, 'git branch' refuses to change an existing branch.
120 In combination with `-d` (or `--delete`), allow deleting the
121 branch irrespective of its merged status. In combination with
122 `-m` (or `--move`), allow renaming the branch even if the new
123 branch name already exists, the same applies for `-c` (or `--copy`).
127 Move/rename a branch and the corresponding reflog.
130 Shortcut for `--move --force`.
134 Copy a branch and the corresponding reflog.
137 Shortcut for `--copy --force`.
140 Color branches to highlight current, local, and
141 remote-tracking branches.
142 The value must be always (the default), never, or auto.
145 Turn off branch colors, even when the configuration file gives the
146 default to color output.
147 Same as `--color=never`.
151 Sorting and filtering branches are case insensitive.
153 --column[=<options>]::
155 Display branch listing in columns. See configuration variable
156 `column.branch` for option syntax. `--column` and `--no-column`
157 without options are equivalent to 'always' and 'never' respectively.
159 This option is only applicable in non-verbose mode.
163 List or delete (if used with -d) the remote-tracking branches.
164 Combine with `--list` to match the optional pattern(s).
168 List both remote-tracking branches and local branches.
169 Combine with `--list` to match optional pattern(s).
173 List branches. With optional `<pattern>...`, e.g. `git
174 branch --list 'maint-*'`, list only the branches that match
178 Print the name of the current branch. In detached HEAD state,
185 show sha1 and commit subject line for each head, along with
186 relationship to upstream branch (if any). If given twice, print
187 the path of the linked worktree (if any) and the name of the upstream
188 branch, as well (see also `git remote show <remote>`). Note that the
189 current worktree's HEAD will not have its path printed (it will always
190 be your current directory).
194 Be more quiet when creating or deleting a branch, suppressing
198 In the verbose listing that show the commit object name,
199 show the shortest prefix that is at least '<n>' hexdigits
200 long that uniquely refers the object.
201 The default value is 7 and can be overridden by the `core.abbrev`
205 Display the full sha1s in the output listing rather than abbreviating them.
209 When creating a new branch, set up `branch.<name>.remote` and
210 `branch.<name>.merge` configuration entries to mark the
211 start-point branch as "upstream" from the new branch. This
212 configuration will tell git to show the relationship between the
213 two branches in `git status` and `git branch -v`. Furthermore,
214 it directs `git pull` without arguments to pull from the
215 upstream when the new branch is checked out.
217 This behavior is the default when the start point is a remote-tracking branch.
218 Set the branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable to `false` if you
219 want `git switch`, `git checkout` and `git branch` to always behave as if `--no-track`
220 were given. Set it to `always` if you want this behavior when the
221 start-point is either a local or remote-tracking branch.
224 Do not set up "upstream" configuration, even if the
225 branch.autoSetupMerge configuration variable is true.
228 As this option had confusing syntax, it is no longer supported.
229 Please use `--track` or `--set-upstream-to` instead.
232 --set-upstream-to=<upstream>::
233 Set up <branchname>'s tracking information so <upstream> is
234 considered <branchname>'s upstream branch. If no <branchname>
235 is specified, then it defaults to the current branch.
238 Remove the upstream information for <branchname>. If no branch
239 is specified it defaults to the current branch.
242 Open an editor and edit the text to explain what the branch is
243 for, to be used by various other commands (e.g. `format-patch`,
244 `request-pull`, and `merge` (if enabled)). Multi-line explanations
247 --contains [<commit>]::
248 Only list branches which contain the specified commit (HEAD
249 if not specified). Implies `--list`.
251 --no-contains [<commit>]::
252 Only list branches which don't contain the specified commit
253 (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
255 --merged [<commit>]::
256 Only list branches whose tips are reachable from the
257 specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
259 --no-merged [<commit>]::
260 Only list branches whose tips are not reachable from the
261 specified commit (HEAD if not specified). Implies `--list`.
264 The name of the branch to create or delete.
265 The new branch name must pass all checks defined by
266 linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1]. Some of these checks
267 may restrict the characters allowed in a branch name.
270 The new branch head will point to this commit. It may be
271 given as a branch name, a commit-id, or a tag. If this
272 option is omitted, the current HEAD will be used instead.
275 The name of an existing branch to rename.
278 The new name for an existing branch. The same restrictions as for
282 Sort based on the key given. Prefix `-` to sort in descending
283 order of the value. You may use the --sort=<key> option
284 multiple times, in which case the last key becomes the primary
285 key. The keys supported are the same as those in `git
286 for-each-ref`. Sort order defaults to the value configured for the
287 `branch.sort` variable if exists, or to sorting based on the
288 full refname (including `refs/...` prefix). This lists
289 detached HEAD (if present) first, then local branches and
290 finally remote-tracking branches. See linkgit:git-config[1].
293 --points-at <object>::
294 Only list branches of the given object.
297 A string that interpolates `%(fieldname)` from a branch ref being shown
298 and the object it points at. The format is the same as
299 that of linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1].
303 `pager.branch` is only respected when listing branches, i.e., when
304 `--list` is used or implied. The default is to use a pager.
305 See linkgit:git-config[1].
310 Start development from a known tag::
313 $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6
315 $ git branch my2.6.14 v2.6.14 <1>
316 $ git switch my2.6.14
319 <1> This step and the next one could be combined into a single step with
320 "checkout -b my2.6.14 v2.6.14".
322 Delete an unneeded branch::
325 $ git clone git://git.kernel.org/.../git.git my.git
327 $ git branch -d -r origin/todo origin/html origin/man <1>
328 $ git branch -D test <2>
331 <1> Delete the remote-tracking branches "todo", "html" and "man". The next
332 'fetch' or 'pull' will create them again unless you configure them not to.
333 See linkgit:git-fetch[1].
334 <2> Delete the "test" branch even if the "master" branch (or whichever branch
335 is currently checked out) does not have all commits from the test branch.
337 Listing branches from a specific remote::
340 $ git branch -r -l '<remote>/<pattern>' <1>
341 $ git for-each-ref 'refs/remotes/<remote>/<pattern>' <2>
344 <1> Using `-a` would conflate <remote> with any local branches you happen to
345 have been prefixed with the same <remote> pattern.
346 <2> `for-each-ref` can take a wide range of options. See linkgit:git-for-each-ref[1]
348 Patterns will normally need quoting.
353 If you are creating a branch that you want to switch to immediately,
354 it is easier to use the "git switch" command with its `-c` option to
355 do the same thing with a single command.
357 The options `--contains`, `--no-contains`, `--merged` and `--no-merged`
358 serve four related but different purposes:
360 - `--contains <commit>` is used to find all branches which will need
361 special attention if <commit> were to be rebased or amended, since those
362 branches contain the specified <commit>.
364 - `--no-contains <commit>` is the inverse of that, i.e. branches that don't
365 contain the specified <commit>.
367 - `--merged` is used to find all branches which can be safely deleted,
368 since those branches are fully contained by HEAD.
370 - `--no-merged` is used to find branches which are candidates for merging
371 into HEAD, since those branches are not fully contained by HEAD.
373 include::ref-reachability-filters.txt[]
377 linkgit:git-check-ref-format[1],
378 linkgit:git-fetch[1],
379 linkgit:git-remote[1],
380 link:user-manual.html#what-is-a-branch[``Understanding history: What is
381 a branch?''] in the Git User's Manual.
385 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite