1 Generating patch text with -p
2 -----------------------------
8 linkgit:git-diff-index[1],
9 linkgit:git-diff-tree[1], or
10 linkgit:git-diff-files[1]
11 with the `-p` option produces patch text.
12 You can customize the creation of patch text via the
13 `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` and the `GIT_DIFF_OPTS` environment variables
14 (see linkgit:git[1]), and the `diff` attribute (see linkgit:gitattributes[5]).
16 What the -p option produces is slightly different from the traditional
19 1. It is preceded with a "git diff" header that looks like this:
21 diff --git a/file1 b/file2
23 The `a/` and `b/` filenames are the same unless rename/copy is
24 involved. Especially, even for a creation or a deletion,
25 `/dev/null` is _not_ used in place of the `a/` or `b/` filenames.
27 When rename/copy is involved, `file1` and `file2` show the
28 name of the source file of the rename/copy and the name of
29 the file that rename/copy produces, respectively.
31 2. It is followed by one or more extended header lines:
35 deleted file mode <mode>
41 similarity index <number>
42 dissimilarity index <number>
43 index <hash>..<hash> <mode>
45 File modes are printed as 6-digit octal numbers including the file type
46 and file permission bits.
48 Path names in extended headers do not include the `a/` and `b/` prefixes.
50 The similarity index is the percentage of unchanged lines, and
51 the dissimilarity index is the percentage of changed lines. It
52 is a rounded down integer, followed by a percent sign. The
53 similarity index value of 100% is thus reserved for two equal
54 files, while 100% dissimilarity means that no line from the old
55 file made it into the new one.
57 The index line includes the blob object names before and after the change.
58 The <mode> is included if the file mode does not change; otherwise,
59 separate lines indicate the old and the new mode.
61 3. Pathnames with "unusual" characters are quoted as explained for
62 the configuration variable `core.quotePath` (see
63 linkgit:git-config[1]).
65 4. All the `file1` files in the output refer to files before the
66 commit, and all the `file2` files refer to files after the commit.
67 It is incorrect to apply each change to each file sequentially. For
68 example, this patch will swap a and b:
77 5. Hunk headers mention the name of the function to which the hunk
78 applies. See "Defining a custom hunk-header" in
79 linkgit:gitattributes[5] for details of how to tailor to this to
86 Any diff-generating command can take the `-c` or `--cc` option to
87 produce a 'combined diff' when showing a merge. This is the default
88 format when showing merges with linkgit:git-diff[1] or
89 linkgit:git-show[1]. Note also that you can give suitable
90 `--diff-merges` option to any of these commands to force generation of
91 diffs in specific format.
93 A "combined diff" format looks like this:
96 diff --combined describe.c
97 index fabadb8,cc95eb0..4866510
100 @@@ -98,20 -98,12 +98,20 @@@
101 return (a_date > b_date) ? -1 : (a_date == b_date) ? 0 : 1;
104 - static void describe(char *arg)
105 -static void describe(struct commit *cmit, int last_one)
106 ++static void describe(char *arg, int last_one)
108 + unsigned char sha1[20];
109 + struct commit *cmit;
110 struct commit_list *list;
111 static int initialized = 0;
112 struct commit_name *n;
114 + if (get_sha1(arg, sha1) < 0)
115 + usage(describe_usage);
116 + cmit = lookup_commit_reference(sha1);
118 + usage(describe_usage);
122 for_each_ref(get_name);
125 1. It is preceded with a "git diff" header, that looks like
126 this (when the `-c` option is used):
130 or like this (when the `--cc` option is used):
134 2. It is followed by one or more extended header lines
135 (this example shows a merge with two parents):
137 index <hash>,<hash>..<hash>
138 mode <mode>,<mode>..<mode>
140 deleted file mode <mode>,<mode>
142 The `mode <mode>,<mode>..<mode>` line appears only if at least one of
143 the <mode> is different from the rest. Extended headers with
144 information about detected contents movement (renames and
145 copying detection) are designed to work with diff of two
146 <tree-ish> and are not used by combined diff format.
148 3. It is followed by two-line from-file/to-file header
153 Similar to two-line header for traditional 'unified' diff
154 format, `/dev/null` is used to signal created or deleted
157 However, if the --combined-all-paths option is provided, instead of a
158 two-line from-file/to-file you get a N+1 line from-file/to-file header,
159 where N is the number of parents in the merge commit
166 This extended format can be useful if rename or copy detection is
167 active, to allow you to see the original name of the file in different
170 4. Chunk header format is modified to prevent people from
171 accidentally feeding it to `patch -p1`. Combined diff format
172 was created for review of merge commit changes, and was not
173 meant to be applied. The change is similar to the change in the
174 extended 'index' header:
176 @@@ <from-file-range> <from-file-range> <to-file-range> @@@
178 There are (number of parents + 1) `@` characters in the chunk
179 header for combined diff format.
181 Unlike the traditional 'unified' diff format, which shows two
182 files A and B with a single column that has `-` (minus --
183 appears in A but removed in B), `+` (plus -- missing in A but
184 added to B), or `" "` (space -- unchanged) prefix, this format
185 compares two or more files file1, file2,... with one file X, and
186 shows how X differs from each of fileN. One column for each of
187 fileN is prepended to the output line to note how X's line is
190 A `-` character in the column N means that the line appears in
191 fileN but it does not appear in the result. A `+` character
192 in the column N means that the line appears in the result,
193 and fileN does not have that line (in other words, the line was
194 added, from the point of view of that parent).
196 In the above example output, the function signature was changed
197 from both files (hence two `-` removals from both file1 and
198 file2, plus `++` to mean one line that was added does not appear
199 in either file1 or file2). Also eight other lines are the same
200 from file1 but do not appear in file2 (hence prefixed with `+`).
202 When shown by `git diff-tree -c`, it compares the parents of a
203 merge commit with the merge result (i.e. file1..fileN are the
204 parents). When shown by `git diff-files -c`, it compares the
205 two unresolved merge parents with the working tree file
206 (i.e. file1 is stage 2 aka "our version", file2 is stage 3 aka