6 gitignore - Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore
10 $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore, $GIT_DIR/info/exclude, .gitignore
15 A `gitignore` file specifies intentionally untracked files that
17 Files already tracked by Git are not affected; see the NOTES
20 Each line in a `gitignore` file specifies a pattern.
21 When deciding whether to ignore a path, Git normally checks
22 `gitignore` patterns from multiple sources, with the following
23 order of precedence, from highest to lowest (within one level of
24 precedence, the last matching pattern decides the outcome):
26 * Patterns read from the command line for those commands that support
29 * Patterns read from a `.gitignore` file in the same directory
30 as the path, or in any parent directory, with patterns in the
31 higher level files (up to the toplevel of the work tree) being overridden
32 by those in lower level files down to the directory containing the file.
33 These patterns match relative to the location of the
34 `.gitignore` file. A project normally includes such
35 `.gitignore` files in its repository, containing patterns for
36 files generated as part of the project build.
38 * Patterns read from `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`.
40 * Patterns read from the file specified by the configuration
41 variable `core.excludesFile`.
43 Which file to place a pattern in depends on how the pattern is meant to
46 * Patterns which should be version-controlled and distributed to
47 other repositories via clone (i.e., files that all developers will want
48 to ignore) should go into a `.gitignore` file.
51 specific to a particular repository but which do not need to be shared
52 with other related repositories (e.g., auxiliary files that live inside
53 the repository but are specific to one user's workflow) should go into
54 the `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude` file.
56 * Patterns which a user wants Git to
57 ignore in all situations (e.g., backup or temporary files generated by
58 the user's editor of choice) generally go into a file specified by
59 `core.excludesFile` in the user's `~/.gitconfig`. Its default value is
60 $XDG_CONFIG_HOME/git/ignore. If $XDG_CONFIG_HOME is either not set or
61 empty, $HOME/.config/git/ignore is used instead.
63 The underlying Git plumbing tools, such as
64 'git ls-files' and 'git read-tree', read
65 `gitignore` patterns specified by command-line options, or from
66 files specified by command-line options. Higher-level Git
67 tools, such as 'git status' and 'git add',
68 use patterns from the sources specified above.
73 - A blank line matches no files, so it can serve as a separator
76 - A line starting with # serves as a comment.
77 Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first hash for patterns
78 that begin with a hash.
80 - Trailing spaces are ignored unless they are quoted with backslash
83 - An optional prefix "`!`" which negates the pattern; any
84 matching file excluded by a previous pattern will become
85 included again. It is not possible to re-include a file if a parent
86 directory of that file is excluded. Git doesn't list excluded
87 directories for performance reasons, so any patterns on contained
88 files have no effect, no matter where they are defined.
89 Put a backslash ("`\`") in front of the first "`!`" for patterns
90 that begin with a literal "`!`", for example, "`\!important!.txt`".
92 - The slash '/' is used as the directory separator. Separators may
93 occur at the beginning, middle or end of the `.gitignore` search pattern.
95 - If there is a separator at the beginning or middle (or both) of the
96 pattern, then the pattern is relative to the directory level of the
97 particular `.gitignore` file itself. Otherwise the pattern may also
98 match at any level below the `.gitignore` level.
100 - If there is a separator at the end of the pattern then the pattern
101 will only match directories, otherwise the pattern can match both
102 files and directories.
104 - For example, a pattern `doc/frotz/` matches `doc/frotz` directory,
105 but not `a/doc/frotz` directory; however `frotz/` matches `frotz`
106 and `a/frotz` that is a directory (all paths are relative from
107 the `.gitignore` file).
109 - An asterisk "`*`" matches anything except a slash.
110 The character "`?`" matches any one character except "`/`".
111 The range notation, e.g. `[a-zA-Z]`, can be used to match
112 one of the characters in a range. See fnmatch(3) and the
113 FNM_PATHNAME flag for a more detailed description.
115 Two consecutive asterisks ("`**`") in patterns matched against
116 full pathname may have special meaning:
118 - A leading "`**`" followed by a slash means match in all
119 directories. For example, "`**/foo`" matches file or directory
120 "`foo`" anywhere, the same as pattern "`foo`". "`**/foo/bar`"
121 matches file or directory "`bar`" anywhere that is directly
122 under directory "`foo`".
124 - A trailing "`/**`" matches everything inside. For example,
125 "`abc/**`" matches all files inside directory "`abc`", relative
126 to the location of the `.gitignore` file, with infinite depth.
128 - A slash followed by two consecutive asterisks then a slash
129 matches zero or more directories. For example, "`a/**/b`"
130 matches "`a/b`", "`a/x/b`", "`a/x/y/b`" and so on.
132 - Other consecutive asterisks are considered regular asterisks and
133 will match according to the previous rules.
138 The optional configuration variable `core.excludesFile` indicates a path to a
139 file containing patterns of file names to exclude, similar to
140 `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`. Patterns in the exclude file are used in addition to
141 those in `$GIT_DIR/info/exclude`.
146 The purpose of gitignore files is to ensure that certain files
147 not tracked by Git remain untracked.
149 To stop tracking a file that is currently tracked, use
155 - The pattern `hello.*` matches any file or folder
156 whose name begins with `hello`. If one wants to restrict
157 this only to the directory and not in its subdirectories,
158 one can prepend the pattern with a slash, i.e. `/hello.*`;
159 the pattern now matches `hello.txt`, `hello.c` but not
162 - The pattern `foo/` will match a directory `foo` and
163 paths underneath it, but will not match a regular file
164 or a symbolic link `foo` (this is consistent with the
165 way how pathspec works in general in Git)
167 - The pattern `doc/frotz` and `/doc/frotz` have the same effect
168 in any `.gitignore` file. In other words, a leading slash
169 is not relevant if there is already a middle slash in
172 - The pattern "foo/*", matches "foo/test.json"
173 (a regular file), "foo/bar" (a directory), but it does not match
174 "foo/bar/hello.c" (a regular file), as the asterisk in the
175 pattern does not match "bar/hello.c" which has a slash in it.
177 --------------------------------------------------------------
182 # Documentation/foo.html
183 # Documentation/gitignore.html
188 $ cat .git/info/exclude
189 # ignore objects and archives, anywhere in the tree.
191 $ cat Documentation/.gitignore
192 # ignore generated html files,
194 # except foo.html which is maintained by hand
200 # Documentation/foo.html
202 --------------------------------------------------------------
206 --------------------------------------------------------------
209 $ ls arch/foo/kernel/vm*
210 arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
211 $ echo '!/vmlinux*' >arch/foo/kernel/.gitignore
212 --------------------------------------------------------------
214 The second .gitignore prevents Git from ignoring
215 `arch/foo/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S`.
217 Example to exclude everything except a specific directory `foo/bar`
218 (note the `/*` - without the slash, the wildcard would also exclude
219 everything within `foo/bar`):
221 --------------------------------------------------------------
223 # exclude everything except directory foo/bar
228 --------------------------------------------------------------
233 linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5],
234 linkgit:git-check-ignore[1]
238 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite