1 Git Protocol Capabilities
2 =========================
4 Servers SHOULD support all capabilities defined in this document.
6 On the very first line of the initial server response of either
7 receive-pack and upload-pack the first reference is followed by
8 a NUL byte and then a list of space delimited server capabilities.
9 These allow the server to declare what it can and cannot support
12 Client will then send a space separated list of capabilities it wants
13 to be in effect. The client MUST NOT ask for capabilities the server
14 did not say it supports.
16 Server MUST diagnose and abort if capabilities it does not understand
17 was sent. Server MUST NOT ignore capabilities that client requested
18 and server advertised. As a consequence of these rules, server MUST
19 NOT advertise capabilities it does not understand.
21 The 'report-status', 'delete-refs', and 'quiet' capabilities are sent and
22 recognized by the receive-pack (push to server) process.
24 The 'ofs-delta' and 'side-band-64k' capabilities are sent and recognized
25 by both upload-pack and receive-pack protocols. The 'agent' capability
26 may optionally be sent in both protocols.
28 All other capabilities are only recognized by the upload-pack (fetch
34 The 'multi_ack' capability allows the server to return "ACK obj-id
35 continue" as soon as it finds a commit that it can use as a common
36 base, between the client's wants and the client's have set.
38 By sending this early, the server can potentially head off the client
39 from walking any further down that particular branch of the client's
40 repository history. The client may still need to walk down other
41 branches, sending have lines for those, until the server has a
42 complete cut across the DAG, or the client has said "done".
44 Without multi_ack, a client sends have lines in --date-order until
45 the server has found a common base. That means the client will send
46 have lines that are already known by the server to be common, because
47 they overlap in time with another branch that the server hasn't found
50 For example suppose the client has commits in caps that the server
51 doesn't and the server has commits in lower case that the client
52 doesn't, as in the following diagram:
54 +---- u ---------------------- x
57 a -- b -- c -- d -- E -- F
61 If the client wants x,y and starts out by saying have F,S, the server
62 doesn't know what F,S is. Eventually the client says "have d" and
63 the server sends "ACK d continue" to let the client know to stop
64 walking down that line (so don't send c-b-a), but it's not done yet,
65 it needs a base for x. The client keeps going with S-R-Q, until a
66 gets reached, at which point the server has a clear base and it all
69 Without multi_ack the client would have sent that c-b-a chain anyway,
70 interleaved with S-R-Q.
75 This capability means that the server can send a 'thin' pack, a pack
76 which does not contain base objects; if those base objects are available
77 on client side. Client requests 'thin-pack' capability when it
78 understands how to "thicken" it by adding required delta bases making
81 Client MUST NOT request 'thin-pack' capability if it cannot turn a thin
82 pack into a self-contained pack.
85 side-band, side-band-64k
86 ------------------------
88 This capability means that server can send, and client understand multiplexed
89 progress reports and error info interleaved with the packfile itself.
91 These two options are mutually exclusive. A modern client always
92 favors 'side-band-64k'.
94 Either mode indicates that the packfile data will be streamed broken
95 up into packets of up to either 1000 bytes in the case of 'side_band',
96 or 65520 bytes in the case of 'side_band_64k'. Each packet is made up
97 of a leading 4-byte pkt-line length of how much data is in the packet,
98 followed by a 1-byte stream code, followed by the actual data.
100 The stream code can be one of:
103 2 - progress messages
104 3 - fatal error message just before stream aborts
106 The "side-band-64k" capability came about as a way for newer clients
107 that can handle much larger packets to request packets that are
108 actually crammed nearly full, while maintaining backward compatibility
109 for the older clients.
111 Further, with side-band and its up to 1000-byte messages, it's actually
112 999 bytes of payload and 1 byte for the stream code. With side-band-64k,
113 same deal, you have up to 65519 bytes of data and 1 byte for the stream
116 The client MUST send only maximum of one of "side-band" and "side-
117 band-64k". Server MUST diagnose it as an error if client requests
123 Server can send, and client understand PACKv2 with delta referring to
124 its base by position in pack rather than by an obj-id. That is, they can
125 send/read OBJ_OFS_DELTA (aka type 6) in a packfile.
130 The server may optionally send a capability of the form `agent=X` to
131 notify the client that the server is running version `X`. The client may
132 optionally return its own agent string by responding with an `agent=Y`
133 capability (but it MUST NOT do so if the server did not mention the
134 agent capability). The `X` and `Y` strings may contain any printable
135 ASCII characters except space (i.e., the byte range 32 < x < 127), and
136 are typically of the form "package/version" (e.g., "git/1.8.3.1"). The
137 agent strings are purely informative for statistics and debugging
138 purposes, and MUST NOT be used to programatically assume the presence
139 or absence of particular features.
144 This capability adds "deepen", "shallow" and "unshallow" commands to
145 the fetch-pack/upload-pack protocol so clients can request shallow
151 The client was started with "git clone -q" or something, and doesn't
152 want that side band 2. Basically the client just says "I do not
153 wish to receive stream 2 on sideband, so do not send it to me, and if
154 you did, I will drop it on the floor anyway". However, the sideband
155 channel 3 is still used for error responses.
160 The 'include-tag' capability is about sending annotated tags if we are
161 sending objects they point to. If we pack an object to the client, and
162 a tag object points exactly at that object, we pack the tag object too.
163 In general this allows a client to get all new annotated tags when it
164 fetches a branch, in a single network connection.
166 Clients MAY always send include-tag, hardcoding it into a request when
167 the server advertises this capability. The decision for a client to
168 request include-tag only has to do with the client's desires for tag
169 data, whether or not a server had advertised objects in the
170 refs/tags/* namespace.
172 Servers MUST pack the tags if their referrant is packed and the client
173 has requested include-tags.
175 Clients MUST be prepared for the case where a server has ignored
176 include-tag and has not actually sent tags in the pack. In such
177 cases the client SHOULD issue a subsequent fetch to acquire the tags
178 that include-tag would have otherwise given the client.
180 The server SHOULD send include-tag, if it supports it, regardless
181 of whether or not there are tags available.
186 The receive-pack process can receive a 'report-status' capability,
187 which tells it that the client wants a report of what happened after
188 a packfile upload and reference update. If the pushing client requests
189 this capability, after unpacking and updating references the server
190 will respond with whether the packfile unpacked successfully and if
191 each reference was updated successfully. If any of those were not
192 successful, it will send back an error message. See pack-protocol.txt
193 for example messages.
198 If the server sends back the 'delete-refs' capability, it means that
199 it is capable of accepting a zero-id value as the target
200 value of a reference update. It is not sent back by the client, it
201 simply informs the client that it can be sent zero-id values
202 to delete references.
207 If the receive-pack server advertises the 'quiet' capability, it is
208 capable of silencing human-readable progress output which otherwise may
209 be shown when processing the received pack. A send-pack client should
210 respond with the 'quiet' capability to suppress server-side progress
211 reporting if the local progress reporting is also being suppressed
212 (e.g., via `push -q`, or if stderr does not go to a tty).
214 allow-tip-sha1-in-want
215 ----------------------
217 If the upload-pack server advertises this capability, fetch-pack may
218 send "want" lines with SHA-1s that exist at the server but are not
219 advertised by upload-pack.