1 git-interpret-trailers(1)
2 =========================
6 git-interpret-trailers - help add structured information into commit messages
11 'git interpret-trailers' [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]
15 Help adding 'trailers' lines, that look similar to RFC 822 e-mail
16 headers, at the end of the otherwise free-form part of a commit
19 This command reads some patches or commit messages from either the
20 <file> arguments or the standard input if no <file> is specified. Then
21 this command applies the arguments passed using the `--trailer`
22 option, if any, to the commit message part of each input file. The
23 result is emitted on the standard output.
25 Some configuration variables control the way the `--trailer` arguments
26 are applied to each commit message and the way any existing trailer in
27 the commit message is changed. They also make it possible to
28 automatically add some trailers.
30 By default, a '<token>=<value>' or '<token>:<value>' argument given
31 using `--trailer` will be appended after the existing trailers only if
32 the last trailer has a different (<token>, <value>) pair (or if there
33 is no existing trailer). The <token> and <value> parts will be trimmed
34 to remove starting and trailing whitespace, and the resulting trimmed
35 <token> and <value> will appear in the message like this:
37 ------------------------------------------------
39 ------------------------------------------------
41 This means that the trimmed <token> and <value> will be separated by
42 `': '` (one colon followed by one space).
44 By default the new trailer will appear at the end of all the existing
45 trailers. If there is no existing trailer, the new trailer will appear
46 after the commit message part of the output, and, if there is no line
47 with only spaces at the end of the commit message part, one blank line
48 will be added before the new trailer.
50 Existing trailers are extracted from the input message by looking for
51 a group of one or more lines that (i) are all trailers, or (ii) contains at
52 least one Git-generated or user-configured trailer and consists of at
54 The group must be preceded by one or more empty (or whitespace-only) lines.
55 The group must either be at the end of the message or be the last
56 non-whitespace lines before a line that starts with '---'. Such three
57 minus signs start the patch part of the message.
59 When reading trailers, there can be whitespaces after the
60 token, the separator and the value. There can also be whitespaces
61 inside the token and the value. The value may be split over multiple lines with
62 each subsequent line starting with whitespace, like the "folding" in RFC 822.
64 Note that 'trailers' do not follow and are not intended to follow many
65 rules for RFC 822 headers. For example they do not follow
66 the encoding rules and probably many other rules.
71 Edit the files in place.
74 If the <value> part of any trailer contains only whitespace,
75 the whole trailer will be removed from the resulting message.
76 This applies to existing trailers as well as new trailers.
78 --trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>]::
79 Specify a (<token>, <value>) pair that should be applied as a
80 trailer to the input messages. See the description of this
83 CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
84 -----------------------
87 This option tells which characters are recognized as trailer
88 separators. By default only ':' is recognized as a trailer
89 separator, except that '=' is always accepted on the command
90 line for compatibility with other git commands.
92 The first character given by this option will be the default character
93 used when another separator is not specified in the config for this
96 For example, if the value for this option is "%=$", then only lines
97 using the format '<token><sep><value>' with <sep> containing '%', '='
98 or '$' and then spaces will be considered trailers. And '%' will be
99 the default separator used, so by default trailers will appear like:
100 '<token>% <value>' (one percent sign and one space will appear between
101 the token and the value).
104 This option tells where a new trailer will be added.
106 This can be `end`, which is the default, `start`, `after` or `before`.
108 If it is `end`, then each new trailer will appear at the end of the
111 If it is `start`, then each new trailer will appear at the start,
112 instead of the end, of the existing trailers.
114 If it is `after`, then each new trailer will appear just after the
115 last trailer with the same <token>.
117 If it is `before`, then each new trailer will appear just before the
118 first trailer with the same <token>.
121 This option makes it possible to choose what action will be
122 performed when there is already at least one trailer with the
123 same <token> in the message.
125 The valid values for this option are: `addIfDifferentNeighbor` (this
126 is the default), `addIfDifferent`, `add`, `overwrite` or `doNothing`.
128 With `addIfDifferentNeighbor`, a new trailer will be added only if no
129 trailer with the same (<token>, <value>) pair is above or below the line
130 where the new trailer will be added.
132 With `addIfDifferent`, a new trailer will be added only if no trailer
133 with the same (<token>, <value>) pair is already in the message.
135 With `add`, a new trailer will be added, even if some trailers with
136 the same (<token>, <value>) pair are already in the message.
138 With `replace`, an existing trailer with the same <token> will be
139 deleted and the new trailer will be added. The deleted trailer will be
140 the closest one (with the same <token>) to the place where the new one
143 With `doNothing`, nothing will be done; that is no new trailer will be
144 added if there is already one with the same <token> in the message.
147 This option makes it possible to choose what action will be
148 performed when there is not yet any trailer with the same
149 <token> in the message.
151 The valid values for this option are: `add` (this is the default) and
154 With `add`, a new trailer will be added.
156 With `doNothing`, nothing will be done.
158 trailer.<token>.key::
159 This `key` will be used instead of <token> in the trailer. At
160 the end of this key, a separator can appear and then some
161 space characters. By default the only valid separator is ':',
162 but this can be changed using the `trailer.separators` config
165 If there is a separator, then the key will be used instead of both the
166 <token> and the default separator when adding the trailer.
168 trailer.<token>.where::
169 This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.where'
170 configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
171 that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
173 trailer.<token>.ifexist::
174 This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.ifexist'
175 configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
176 that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
178 trailer.<token>.ifmissing::
179 This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.ifmissing'
180 configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
181 that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
183 trailer.<token>.command::
184 This option can be used to specify a shell command that will
185 be called to automatically add or modify a trailer with the
188 When this option is specified, the behavior is as if a special
189 '<token>=<value>' argument were added at the beginning of the command
190 line, where <value> is taken to be the standard output of the
191 specified command with any leading and trailing whitespace trimmed
194 If the command contains the `$ARG` string, this string will be
195 replaced with the <value> part of an existing trailer with the same
196 <token>, if any, before the command is launched.
198 If some '<token>=<value>' arguments are also passed on the command
199 line, when a 'trailer.<token>.command' is configured, the command will
200 also be executed for each of these arguments. And the <value> part of
201 these arguments, if any, will be used to replace the `$ARG` string in
207 * Configure a 'sign' trailer with a 'Signed-off-by' key, and then
208 add two of these trailers to a message:
211 $ git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by"
216 $ cat msg.txt | git interpret-trailers --trailer 'sign: Alice <alice@example.com>' --trailer 'sign: Bob <bob@example.com>'
221 Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
222 Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
225 * Use the `--in-place` option to edit a message file in place:
233 Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
234 $ git interpret-trailers --trailer 'Acked-by: Alice <alice@example.com>' --in-place msg.txt
240 Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
241 Acked-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
244 * Extract the last commit as a patch, and add a 'Cc' and a
245 'Reviewed-by' trailer to it:
248 $ git format-patch -1
250 $ git interpret-trailers --trailer 'Cc: Alice <alice@example.com>' --trailer 'Reviewed-by: Bob <bob@example.com>' 0001-foo.patch >0001-bar.patch
253 * Configure a 'sign' trailer with a command to automatically add a
254 'Signed-off-by: ' with the author information only if there is no
255 'Signed-off-by: ' already, and show how it works:
258 $ git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by: "
259 $ git config trailer.sign.ifmissing add
260 $ git config trailer.sign.ifexists doNothing
261 $ git config trailer.sign.command 'echo "$(git config user.name) <$(git config user.email)>"'
262 $ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
265 Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
266 $ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
267 > Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
270 Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
273 * Configure a 'fix' trailer with a key that contains a '#' and no
274 space after this character, and show how it works:
277 $ git config trailer.separators ":#"
278 $ git config trailer.fix.key "Fix #"
279 $ echo "subject" | git interpret-trailers --trailer fix=42
285 * Configure a 'see' trailer with a command to show the subject of a
286 commit that is related, and show how it works:
289 $ git config trailer.see.key "See-also: "
290 $ git config trailer.see.ifExists "replace"
291 $ git config trailer.see.ifMissing "doNothing"
292 $ git config trailer.see.command "git log -1 --oneline --format=\"%h (%s)\" --abbrev-commit --abbrev=14 \$ARG"
293 $ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
304 See-also: fe3187489d69c4 (subject of related commit)
307 * Configure a commit template with some trailers with empty values
308 (using sed to show and keep the trailing spaces at the end of the
309 trailers), then configure a commit-msg hook that uses
310 'git interpret-trailers' to remove trailers with empty values and
311 to add a 'git-version' trailer:
314 $ sed -e 's/ Z$/ /' >commit_template.txt <<EOF
324 $ git config commit.template commit_template.txt
325 $ cat >.git/hooks/commit-msg <<EOF
327 > git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "git-version: \$(git describe)" "\$1" > "\$1.new"
330 $ chmod +x .git/hooks/commit-msg
335 linkgit:git-commit[1], linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
339 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite