builtin/gc.c

   1 /*
   2  * git gc builtin command
   3  *
   4  * Cleanup unreachable files and optimize the repository.
   5  *
   6  * Copyright (c) 2007 James Bowes
   7  *
   8  * Based on git-gc.sh, which is
   9  *
  10  * Copyright (c) 2006 Shawn O. Pearce
  11  */
  12
  13 #include "builtin.h"
  14 #include "repository.h"
  15 #include "config.h"
  16 #include "tempfile.h"
  17 #include "lockfile.h"
  18 #include "parse-options.h"
  19 #include "run-command.h"
  20 #include "sigchain.h"
  21 #include "argv-array.h"
  22 #include "commit.h"
  23 #include "commit-graph.h"
  24 #include "packfile.h"
  25 #include "object-store.h"
  26 #include "pack.h"
  27 #include "pack-objects.h"
  28 #include "blob.h"
  29 #include "tree.h"
  30
  31 #define FAILED_RUN "failed to run %s"
  32
  33 static const char * const builtin_gc_usage[] = {
  34         N_("git gc [<options>]"),
  35         NULL
  36 };
  37
  38 static int pack_refs = 1;
  39 static int prune_reflogs = 1;
  40 static int aggressive_depth = 50;
  41 static int aggressive_window = 250;
  42 static int gc_auto_threshold = 6700;
  43 static int gc_auto_pack_limit = 50;
  44 static int gc_write_commit_graph;
  45 static int detach_auto = 1;
  46 static timestamp_t gc_log_expire_time;
  47 static const char *gc_log_expire = "1.day.ago";
  48 static const char *prune_expire = "2.weeks.ago";
  49 static const char *prune_worktrees_expire = "3.months.ago";
  50 static unsigned long big_pack_threshold;
  51 static unsigned long max_delta_cache_size = DEFAULT_DELTA_CACHE_SIZE;
  52
  53 static struct argv_array pack_refs_cmd = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
  54 static struct argv_array reflog = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
  55 static struct argv_array repack = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
  56 static struct argv_array prune = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
  57 static struct argv_array prune_worktrees = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
  58 static struct argv_array rerere = ARGV_ARRAY_INIT;
  59
  60 static struct tempfile *pidfile;
  61 static struct lock_file log_lock;
  62
  63 static struct string_list pack_garbage = STRING_LIST_INIT_DUP;
  64
  65 static void clean_pack_garbage(void)
  66 {
  67         int i;
  68         for (i = 0; i < pack_garbage.nr; i++)
  69                 unlink_or_warn(pack_garbage.items[i].string);
  70         string_list_clear(&pack_garbage, 0);
  71 }
  72
  73 static void report_pack_garbage(unsigned seen_bits, const char *path)
  74 {
  75         if (seen_bits == PACKDIR_FILE_IDX)
  76                 string_list_append(&pack_garbage, path);
  77 }
  78
  79 static void process_log_file(void)
  80 {
  81         struct stat st;
  82         if (fstat(get_lock_file_fd(&log_lock), &st)) {
  83                 /*
  84                  * Perhaps there was an i/o error or another
  85                  * unlikely situation.  Try to make a note of
  86                  * this in gc.log along with any existing
  87                  * messages.
  88                  */
  89                 int saved_errno = errno;
  90                 fprintf(stderr, _("Failed to fstat %s: %s"),
  91                         get_tempfile_path(log_lock.tempfile),
  92                         strerror(saved_errno));
  93                 fflush(stderr);
  94                 commit_lock_file(&log_lock);
  95                 errno = saved_errno;
  96         } else if (st.st_size) {
  97                 /* There was some error recorded in the lock file */
  98                 commit_lock_file(&log_lock);
  99         } else {
 100                 /* No error, clean up any old gc.log */
 101                 unlink(git_path("gc.log"));
 102                 rollback_lock_file(&log_lock);
 103         }
 104 }
 105
 106 static void process_log_file_at_exit(void)
 107 {
 108         fflush(stderr);
 109         process_log_file();
 110 }
 111
 112 static void process_log_file_on_signal(int signo)
 113 {
 114         process_log_file();
 115         sigchain_pop(signo);
 116         raise(signo);
 117 }
 118
 119 static void gc_config(void)
 120 {
 121         const char *value;
 122
 123         if (!git_config_get_value("gc.packrefs", &value)) {
 124                 if (value && !strcmp(value, "notbare"))
 125                         pack_refs = -1;
 126                 else
 127                         pack_refs = git_config_bool("gc.packrefs", value);
 128         }
 129
 130         git_config_get_int("gc.aggressivewindow", &aggressive_window);
 131         git_config_get_int("gc.aggressivedepth", &aggressive_depth);
 132         git_config_get_int("gc.auto", &gc_auto_threshold);
 133         git_config_get_int("gc.autopacklimit", &gc_auto_pack_limit);
 134         git_config_get_bool("gc.writecommitgraph", &gc_write_commit_graph);
 135         git_config_get_bool("gc.autodetach", &detach_auto);
 136         git_config_get_expiry("gc.pruneexpire", &prune_expire);
 137         git_config_get_expiry("gc.worktreepruneexpire", &prune_worktrees_expire);
 138         git_config_get_expiry("gc.logexpiry", &gc_log_expire);
 139
 140         git_config_get_ulong("gc.bigpackthreshold", &big_pack_threshold);
 141         git_config_get_ulong("pack.deltacachesize", &max_delta_cache_size);
 142
 143         git_config(git_default_config, NULL);
 144 }
 145
 146 static int too_many_loose_objects(void)
 147 {
 148         /*
 149          * Quickly check if a "gc" is needed, by estimating how
 150          * many loose objects there are.  Because SHA-1 is evenly
 151          * distributed, we can check only one and get a reasonable
 152          * estimate.
 153          */
 154         DIR *dir;
 155         struct dirent *ent;
 156         int auto_threshold;
 157         int num_loose = 0;
 158         int needed = 0;
 159
 160         if (gc_auto_threshold <= 0)
 161                 return 0;
 162
 163         dir = opendir(git_path("objects/17"));
 164         if (!dir)
 165                 return 0;
 166
 167         auto_threshold = DIV_ROUND_UP(gc_auto_threshold, 256);
 168         while ((ent = readdir(dir)) != NULL) {
 169                 if (strspn(ent->d_name, "0123456789abcdef") != 38 ||
 170                     ent->d_name[38] != '\0')
 171                         continue;
 172                 if (++num_loose > auto_threshold) {
 173                         needed = 1;
 174                         break;
 175                 }
 176         }
 177         closedir(dir);
 178         return needed;
 179 }
 180
 181 static struct packed_git *find_base_packs(struct string_list *packs,
 182                                           unsigned long limit)
 183 {
 184         struct packed_git *p, *base = NULL;
 185
 186         for (p = get_packed_git(the_repository); p; p = p->next) {
 187                 if (!p->pack_local)
 188                         continue;
 189                 if (limit) {
 190                         if (p->pack_size >= limit)
 191                                 string_list_append(packs, p->pack_name);
 192                 } else if (!base || base->pack_size < p->pack_size) {
 193                         base = p;
 194                 }
 195         }
 196
 197         if (base)
 198                 string_list_append(packs, base->pack_name);
 199
 200         return base;
 201 }
 202
 203 static int too_many_packs(void)
 204 {
 205         struct packed_git *p;
 206         int cnt;
 207
 208         if (gc_auto_pack_limit <= 0)
 209                 return 0;
 210
 211         for (cnt = 0, p = get_packed_git(the_repository); p; p = p->next) {
 212                 if (!p->pack_local)
 213                         continue;
 214                 if (p->pack_keep)
 215                         continue;
 216                 /*
 217                  * Perhaps check the size of the pack and count only
 218                  * very small ones here?
 219                  */
 220                 cnt++;
 221         }
 222         return gc_auto_pack_limit < cnt;
 223 }
 224
 225 static uint64_t total_ram(void)
 226 {
 227 #if defined(HAVE_SYSINFO)
 228         struct sysinfo si;
 229
 230         if (!sysinfo(&si))
 231                 return si.totalram;
 232 #elif defined(HAVE_BSD_SYSCTL) && (defined(HW_MEMSIZE) || defined(HW_PHYSMEM))
 233         int64_t physical_memory;
 234         int mib[2];
 235         size_t length;
 236
 237         mib[0] = CTL_HW;
 238 # if defined(HW_MEMSIZE)
 239         mib[1] = HW_MEMSIZE;
 240 # else
 241         mib[1] = HW_PHYSMEM;
 242 # endif
 243         length = sizeof(int64_t);
 244         if (!sysctl(mib, 2, &physical_memory, &length, NULL, 0))
 245                 return physical_memory;
 246 #elif defined(GIT_WINDOWS_NATIVE)
 247         MEMORYSTATUSEX memInfo;
 248
 249         memInfo.dwLength = sizeof(MEMORYSTATUSEX);
 250         if (GlobalMemoryStatusEx(&memInfo))
 251                 return memInfo.ullTotalPhys;
 252 #endif
 253         return 0;
 254 }
 255
 256 static uint64_t estimate_repack_memory(struct packed_git *pack)
 257 {
 258         unsigned long nr_objects = approximate_object_count();
 259         size_t os_cache, heap;
 260
 261         if (!pack || !nr_objects)
 262                 return 0;
 263
 264         /*
 265          * First we have to scan through at least one pack.
 266          * Assume enough room in OS file cache to keep the entire pack
 267          * or we may accidentally evict data of other processes from
 268          * the cache.
 269          */
 270         os_cache = pack->pack_size + pack->index_size;
 271         /* then pack-objects needs lots more for book keeping */
 272         heap = sizeof(struct object_entry) * nr_objects;
 273         /*
 274          * internal rev-list --all --objects takes up some memory too,
 275          * let's say half of it is for blobs
 276          */
 277         heap += sizeof(struct blob) * nr_objects / 2;
 278         /*
 279          * and the other half is for trees (commits and tags are
 280          * usually insignificant)
 281          */
 282         heap += sizeof(struct tree) * nr_objects / 2;
 283         /* and then obj_hash[], underestimated in fact */
 284         heap += sizeof(struct object *) * nr_objects;
 285         /* revindex is used also */
 286         heap += sizeof(struct revindex_entry) * nr_objects;
 287         /*
 288          * read_sha1_file() (either at delta calculation phase, or
 289          * writing phase) also fills up the delta base cache
 290          */
 291         heap += delta_base_cache_limit;
 292         /* and of course pack-objects has its own delta cache */
 293         heap += max_delta_cache_size;
 294
 295         return os_cache + heap;
 296 }
 297
 298 static int keep_one_pack(struct string_list_item *item, void *data)
 299 {
 300         argv_array_pushf(&repack, "--keep-pack=%s", basename(item->string));
 301         return 0;
 302 }
 303
 304 static void add_repack_all_option(struct string_list *keep_pack)
 305 {
 306         if (prune_expire && !strcmp(prune_expire, "now"))
 307                 argv_array_push(&repack, "-a");
 308         else {
 309                 argv_array_push(&repack, "-A");
 310                 if (prune_expire)
 311                         argv_array_pushf(&repack, "--unpack-unreachable=%s", prune_expire);
 312         }
 313
 314         if (keep_pack)
 315                 for_each_string_list(keep_pack, keep_one_pack, NULL);
 316 }
 317
 318 static void add_repack_incremental_option(void)
 319 {
 320        argv_array_push(&repack, "--no-write-bitmap-index");
 321 }
 322
 323 static int need_to_gc(void)
 324 {
 325         /*
 326          * Setting gc.auto to 0 or negative can disable the
 327          * automatic gc.
 328          */
 329         if (gc_auto_threshold <= 0)
 330                 return 0;
 331
 332         /*
 333          * If there are too many loose objects, but not too many
 334          * packs, we run "repack -d -l".  If there are too many packs,
 335          * we run "repack -A -d -l".  Otherwise we tell the caller
 336          * there is no need.
 337          */
 338         if (too_many_packs()) {
 339                 struct string_list keep_pack = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 340
 341                 if (big_pack_threshold) {
 342                         find_base_packs(&keep_pack, big_pack_threshold);
 343                         if (keep_pack.nr >= gc_auto_pack_limit) {
 344                                 big_pack_threshold = 0;
 345                                 string_list_clear(&keep_pack, 0);
 346                                 find_base_packs(&keep_pack, 0);
 347                         }
 348                 } else {
 349                         struct packed_git *p = find_base_packs(&keep_pack, 0);
 350                         uint64_t mem_have, mem_want;
 351
 352                         mem_have = total_ram();
 353                         mem_want = estimate_repack_memory(p);
 354
 355                         /*
 356                          * Only allow 1/2 of memory for pack-objects, leave
 357                          * the rest for the OS and other processes in the
 358                          * system.
 359                          */
 360                         if (!mem_have || mem_want < mem_have / 2)
 361                                 string_list_clear(&keep_pack, 0);
 362                 }
 363
 364                 add_repack_all_option(&keep_pack);
 365                 string_list_clear(&keep_pack, 0);
 366         } else if (too_many_loose_objects())
 367                 add_repack_incremental_option();
 368         else
 369                 return 0;
 370
 371         if (run_hook_le(NULL, "pre-auto-gc", NULL))
 372                 return 0;
 373         return 1;
 374 }
 375
 376 /* return NULL on success, else hostname running the gc */
 377 static const char *lock_repo_for_gc(int force, pid_t* ret_pid)
 378 {
 379         struct lock_file lock = LOCK_INIT;
 380         char my_host[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1];
 381         struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 382         struct stat st;
 383         uintmax_t pid;
 384         FILE *fp;
 385         int fd;
 386         char *pidfile_path;
 387
 388         if (is_tempfile_active(pidfile))
 389                 /* already locked */
 390                 return NULL;
 391
 392         if (xgethostname(my_host, sizeof(my_host)))
 393                 xsnprintf(my_host, sizeof(my_host), "unknown");
 394
 395         pidfile_path = git_pathdup("gc.pid");
 396         fd = hold_lock_file_for_update(&lock, pidfile_path,
 397                                        LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 398         if (!force) {
 399                 static char locking_host[HOST_NAME_MAX + 1];
 400                 static char *scan_fmt;
 401                 int should_exit;
 402
 403                 if (!scan_fmt)
 404                         scan_fmt = xstrfmt("%s %%%ds", "%"SCNuMAX, HOST_NAME_MAX);
 405                 fp = fopen(pidfile_path, "r");
 406                 memset(locking_host, 0, sizeof(locking_host));
 407                 should_exit =
 408                         fp != NULL &&
 409                         !fstat(fileno(fp), &st) &&
 410                         /*
 411                          * 12 hour limit is very generous as gc should
 412                          * never take that long. On the other hand we
 413                          * don't really need a strict limit here,
 414                          * running gc --auto one day late is not a big
 415                          * problem. --force can be used in manual gc
 416                          * after the user verifies that no gc is
 417                          * running.
 418                          */
 419                         time(NULL) - st.st_mtime <= 12 * 3600 &&
 420                         fscanf(fp, scan_fmt, &pid, locking_host) == 2 &&
 421                         /* be gentle to concurrent "gc" on remote hosts */
 422                         (strcmp(locking_host, my_host) || !kill(pid, 0) || errno == EPERM);
 423                 if (fp != NULL)
 424                         fclose(fp);
 425                 if (should_exit) {
 426                         if (fd >= 0)
 427                                 rollback_lock_file(&lock);
 428                         *ret_pid = pid;
 429                         free(pidfile_path);
 430                         return locking_host;
 431                 }
 432         }
 433
 434         strbuf_addf(&sb, "%"PRIuMAX" %s",
 435                     (uintmax_t) getpid(), my_host);
 436         write_in_full(fd, sb.buf, sb.len);
 437         strbuf_release(&sb);
 438         commit_lock_file(&lock);
 439         pidfile = register_tempfile(pidfile_path);
 440         free(pidfile_path);
 441         return NULL;
 442 }
 443
 444 static int report_last_gc_error(void)
 445 {
 446         struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
 447         int ret = 0;
 448         struct stat st;
 449         char *gc_log_path = git_pathdup("gc.log");
 450
 451         if (stat(gc_log_path, &st)) {
 452                 if (errno == ENOENT)
 453                         goto done;
 454
 455                 ret = error_errno(_("Can't stat %s"), gc_log_path);
 456                 goto done;
 457         }
 458
 459         if (st.st_mtime < gc_log_expire_time)
 460                 goto done;
 461
 462         ret = strbuf_read_file(&sb, gc_log_path, 0);
 463         if (ret > 0)
 464                 ret = error(_("The last gc run reported the following. "
 465                                "Please correct the root cause\n"
 466                                "and remove %s.\n"
 467                                "Automatic cleanup will not be performed "
 468                                "until the file is removed.\n\n"
 469                                "%s"),
 470                             gc_log_path, sb.buf);
 471         strbuf_release(&sb);
 472 done:
 473         free(gc_log_path);
 474         return ret;
 475 }
 476
 477 static int gc_before_repack(void)
 478 {
 479         if (pack_refs && run_command_v_opt(pack_refs_cmd.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
 480                 return error(FAILED_RUN, pack_refs_cmd.argv[0]);
 481
 482         if (prune_reflogs && run_command_v_opt(reflog.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
 483                 return error(FAILED_RUN, reflog.argv[0]);
 484
 485         pack_refs = 0;
 486         prune_reflogs = 0;
 487         return 0;
 488 }
 489
 490 int cmd_gc(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 491 {
 492         int aggressive = 0;
 493         int auto_gc = 0;
 494         int quiet = 0;
 495         int force = 0;
 496         const char *name;
 497         pid_t pid;
 498         int daemonized = 0;
 499         int keep_base_pack = -1;
 500         timestamp_t dummy;
 501
 502         struct option builtin_gc_options[] = {
 503                 OPT__QUIET(&quiet, N_("suppress progress reporting")),
 504                 { OPTION_STRING, 0, "prune", &prune_expire, N_("date"),
 505                         N_("prune unreferenced objects"),
 506                         PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, NULL, (intptr_t)prune_expire },
 507                 OPT_BOOL(0, "aggressive", &aggressive, N_("be more thorough (increased runtime)")),
 508                 OPT_BOOL_F(0, "auto", &auto_gc, N_("enable auto-gc mode"),
 509                            PARSE_OPT_NOCOMPLETE),
 510                 OPT_BOOL_F(0, "force", &force,
 511                            N_("force running gc even if there may be another gc running"),
 512                            PARSE_OPT_NOCOMPLETE),
 513                 OPT_BOOL(0, "keep-largest-pack", &keep_base_pack,
 514                          N_("repack all other packs except the largest pack")),
 515                 OPT_END()
 516         };
 517
 518         if (argc == 2 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-h"))
 519                 usage_with_options(builtin_gc_usage, builtin_gc_options);
 520
 521         argv_array_pushl(&pack_refs_cmd, "pack-refs", "--all", "--prune", NULL);
 522         argv_array_pushl(&reflog, "reflog", "expire", "--all", NULL);
 523         argv_array_pushl(&repack, "repack", "-d", "-l", NULL);
 524         argv_array_pushl(&prune, "prune", "--expire", NULL);
 525         argv_array_pushl(&prune_worktrees, "worktree", "prune", "--expire", NULL);
 526         argv_array_pushl(&rerere, "rerere", "gc", NULL);
 527
 528         /* default expiry time, overwritten in gc_config */
 529         gc_config();
 530         if (parse_expiry_date(gc_log_expire, &gc_log_expire_time))
 531                 die(_("failed to parse gc.logexpiry value %s"), gc_log_expire);
 532
 533         if (pack_refs < 0)
 534                 pack_refs = !is_bare_repository();
 535
 536         argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, builtin_gc_options,
 537                              builtin_gc_usage, 0);
 538         if (argc > 0)
 539                 usage_with_options(builtin_gc_usage, builtin_gc_options);
 540
 541         if (prune_expire && parse_expiry_date(prune_expire, &dummy))
 542                 die(_("failed to parse prune expiry value %s"), prune_expire);
 543
 544         if (aggressive) {
 545                 argv_array_push(&repack, "-f");
 546                 if (aggressive_depth > 0)
 547                         argv_array_pushf(&repack, "--depth=%d", aggressive_depth);
 548                 if (aggressive_window > 0)
 549                         argv_array_pushf(&repack, "--window=%d", aggressive_window);
 550         }
 551         if (quiet)
 552                 argv_array_push(&repack, "-q");
 553
 554         if (auto_gc) {
 555                 /*
 556                  * Auto-gc should be least intrusive as possible.
 557                  */
 558                 if (!need_to_gc())
 559                         return 0;
 560                 if (!quiet) {
 561                         if (detach_auto)
 562                                 fprintf(stderr, _("Auto packing the repository in background for optimum performance.\n"));
 563                         else
 564                                 fprintf(stderr, _("Auto packing the repository for optimum performance.\n"));
 565                         fprintf(stderr, _("See \"git help gc\" for manual housekeeping.\n"));
 566                 }
 567                 if (detach_auto) {
 568                         if (report_last_gc_error())
 569                                 return -1;
 570
 571                         if (lock_repo_for_gc(force, &pid))
 572                                 return 0;
 573                         if (gc_before_repack())
 574                                 return -1;
 575                         delete_tempfile(&pidfile);
 576
 577                         /*
 578                          * failure to daemonize is ok, we'll continue
 579                          * in foreground
 580                          */
 581                         daemonized = !daemonize();
 582                 }
 583         } else {
 584                 struct string_list keep_pack = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
 585
 586                 if (keep_base_pack != -1) {
 587                         if (keep_base_pack)
 588                                 find_base_packs(&keep_pack, 0);
 589                 } else if (big_pack_threshold) {
 590                         find_base_packs(&keep_pack, big_pack_threshold);
 591                 }
 592
 593                 add_repack_all_option(&keep_pack);
 594                 string_list_clear(&keep_pack, 0);
 595         }
 596
 597         name = lock_repo_for_gc(force, &pid);
 598         if (name) {
 599                 if (auto_gc)
 600                         return 0; /* be quiet on --auto */
 601                 die(_("gc is already running on machine '%s' pid %"PRIuMAX" (use --force if not)"),
 602                     name, (uintmax_t)pid);
 603         }
 604
 605         if (daemonized) {
 606                 hold_lock_file_for_update(&log_lock,
 607                                           git_path("gc.log"),
 608                                           LOCK_DIE_ON_ERROR);
 609                 dup2(get_lock_file_fd(&log_lock), 2);
 610                 sigchain_push_common(process_log_file_on_signal);
 611                 atexit(process_log_file_at_exit);
 612         }
 613
 614         if (gc_before_repack())
 615                 return -1;
 616
 617         if (!repository_format_precious_objects) {
 618                 close_all_packs(the_repository->objects);
 619                 if (run_command_v_opt(repack.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
 620                         return error(FAILED_RUN, repack.argv[0]);
 621
 622                 if (prune_expire) {
 623                         argv_array_push(&prune, prune_expire);
 624                         if (quiet)
 625                                 argv_array_push(&prune, "--no-progress");
 626                         if (repository_format_partial_clone)
 627                                 argv_array_push(&prune,
 628                                                 "--exclude-promisor-objects");
 629                         if (run_command_v_opt(prune.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
 630                                 return error(FAILED_RUN, prune.argv[0]);
 631                 }
 632         }
 633
 634         if (prune_worktrees_expire) {
 635                 argv_array_push(&prune_worktrees, prune_worktrees_expire);
 636                 if (run_command_v_opt(prune_worktrees.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
 637                         return error(FAILED_RUN, prune_worktrees.argv[0]);
 638         }
 639
 640         if (run_command_v_opt(rerere.argv, RUN_GIT_CMD))
 641                 return error(FAILED_RUN, rerere.argv[0]);
 642
 643         report_garbage = report_pack_garbage;
 644         reprepare_packed_git(the_repository);
 645         if (pack_garbage.nr > 0)
 646                 clean_pack_garbage();
 647
 648         if (gc_write_commit_graph)
 649                 write_commit_graph_reachable(get_object_directory(), 0);
 650
 651         if (auto_gc && too_many_loose_objects())
 652                 warning(_("There are too many unreachable loose objects; "
 653                         "run 'git prune' to remove them."));
 654
 655         if (!daemonized)
 656                 unlink(git_path("gc.log"));
 657
 658         return 0;
 659 }