6 git-send-email - Send a collection of patches as emails
12 'git send-email' [options] <file|directory|rev-list options>...
17 Takes the patches given on the command line and emails them out.
18 Patches can be specified as files, directories (which will send all
19 files in the directory), or directly as a revision list. In the
20 last case, any format accepted by linkgit:git-format-patch[1] can
21 be passed to git send-email.
23 The header of the email is configurable by command line options. If not
24 specified on the command line, the user will be prompted with a ReadLine
25 enabled interface to provide the necessary information.
27 There are two formats accepted for patch files:
31 This is what linkgit:git-format-patch[1] generates. Most headers and MIME
32 formatting are ignored.
34 2. The original format used by Greg Kroah-Hartman's 'send_lots_of_email.pl'
37 This format expects the first line of the file to contain the "Cc:" value
38 and the "Subject:" of the message as the second line.
48 Review and edit each patch you're about to send. See the
49 CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
52 Specify a "Bcc:" value for each email. Default is the value of
55 The --bcc option must be repeated for each user you want on the bcc list.
58 Specify a starting "Cc:" value for each email.
59 Default is the value of 'sendemail.cc'.
61 The --cc option must be repeated for each user you want on the cc list.
64 Invoke a text editor (see GIT_EDITOR in linkgit:git-var[1])
65 to edit an introductory message for the patch series.
67 When '--compose' is used, git send-email will use the From, Subject, and
68 In-Reply-To headers specified in the message. If the body of the message
69 (what you type after the headers and a blank line) only contains blank
70 (or GIT: prefixed) lines the summary won't be sent, but From, Subject,
71 and In-Reply-To headers will be used unless they are removed.
73 Missing From or In-Reply-To headers will be prompted for.
75 See the CONFIGURATION section for 'sendemail.multiedit'.
78 Specify the sender of the emails. If not specified on the command line,
79 the value of the 'sendemail.from' configuration option is used. If
80 neither the command line option nor 'sendemail.from' are set, then the
81 user will be prompted for the value. The default for the prompt will be
82 the value of GIT_AUTHOR_IDENT, or GIT_COMMITTER_IDENT if that is not
83 set, as returned by "git var -l".
85 --in-reply-to=<identifier>::
86 Make the first mail (or all the mails with `--no-thread`) appear as a
87 reply to the given Message-Id, which avoids breaking threads to
88 provide a new patch series.
89 The second and subsequent emails will be sent as replies according to
90 the `--[no]-chain-reply-to` setting.
92 So for example when `--thread` and `--no-chain-reply-to` are specified, the
93 second and subsequent patches will be replies to the first one like in the
94 illustration below where `[PATCH v2 0/3]` is in reply to `[PATCH 0/2]`:
96 [PATCH 0/2] Here is what I did...
97 [PATCH 1/2] Clean up and tests
98 [PATCH 2/2] Implementation
99 [PATCH v2 0/3] Here is a reroll
100 [PATCH v2 1/3] Clean up
101 [PATCH v2 2/3] New tests
102 [PATCH v2 3/3] Implementation
104 Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
105 is not set, this will be prompted for.
108 Specify the initial subject of the email thread.
109 Only necessary if --compose is also set. If --compose
110 is not set, this will be prompted for.
113 Specify the primary recipient of the emails generated. Generally, this
114 will be the upstream maintainer of the project involved. Default is the
115 value of the 'sendemail.to' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
116 and --to-cmd is not specified, this will be prompted for.
118 The --to option must be repeated for each user you want on the to list.
120 --8bit-encoding=<encoding>::
121 When encountering a non-ASCII message or subject that does not
122 declare its encoding, add headers/quoting to indicate it is
123 encoded in <encoding>. Default is the value of the
124 'sendemail.assume8bitEncoding'; if that is unspecified, this
125 will be prompted for if any non-ASCII files are encountered.
127 Note that no attempts whatsoever are made to validate the encoding.
129 --compose-encoding=<encoding>::
130 Specify encoding of compose message. Default is the value of the
131 'sendemail.composeencoding'; if that is unspecified, UTF-8 is assumed.
137 --envelope-sender=<address>::
138 Specify the envelope sender used to send the emails.
139 This is useful if your default address is not the address that is
140 subscribed to a list. In order to use the 'From' address, set the
141 value to "auto". If you use the sendmail binary, you must have
142 suitable privileges for the -f parameter. Default is the value of the
143 'sendemail.envelopesender' configuration variable; if that is
144 unspecified, choosing the envelope sender is left to your MTA.
146 --smtp-encryption=<encryption>::
147 Specify the encryption to use, either 'ssl' or 'tls'. Any other
148 value reverts to plain SMTP. Default is the value of
149 'sendemail.smtpencryption'.
151 --smtp-domain=<FQDN>::
152 Specifies the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) used in the
153 HELO/EHLO command to the SMTP server. Some servers require the
154 FQDN to match your IP address. If not set, git send-email attempts
155 to determine your FQDN automatically. Default is the value of
156 'sendemail.smtpdomain'.
158 --smtp-pass[=<password>]::
159 Password for SMTP-AUTH. The argument is optional: If no
160 argument is specified, then the empty string is used as
161 the password. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtppass',
162 however '--smtp-pass' always overrides this value.
164 Furthermore, passwords need not be specified in configuration files
165 or on the command line. If a username has been specified (with
166 '--smtp-user' or a 'sendemail.smtpuser'), but no password has been
167 specified (with '--smtp-pass' or 'sendemail.smtppass'), then the
168 user is prompted for a password while the input is masked for privacy.
170 --smtp-server=<host>::
171 If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server to use (e.g.
172 `smtp.example.com` or a raw IP address). Alternatively it can
173 specify a full pathname of a sendmail-like program instead;
174 the program must support the `-i` option. Default value can
175 be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserver' configuration
176 option; the built-in default is `/usr/sbin/sendmail` or
177 `/usr/lib/sendmail` if such program is available, or
178 `localhost` otherwise.
180 --smtp-server-port=<port>::
181 Specifies a port different from the default port (SMTP
182 servers typically listen to smtp port 25, but may also listen to
183 submission port 587, or the common SSL smtp port 465);
184 symbolic port names (e.g. "submission" instead of 587)
185 are also accepted. The port can also be set with the
186 'sendemail.smtpserverport' configuration variable.
188 --smtp-server-option=<option>::
189 If set, specifies the outgoing SMTP server option to use.
190 Default value can be specified by the 'sendemail.smtpserveroption'
191 configuration option.
193 The --smtp-server-option option must be repeated for each option you want
194 to pass to the server. Likewise, different lines in the configuration files
195 must be used for each option.
198 Legacy alias for '--smtp-encryption ssl'.
201 Username for SMTP-AUTH. Default is the value of 'sendemail.smtpuser';
202 if a username is not specified (with '--smtp-user' or 'sendemail.smtpuser'),
203 then authentication is not attempted.
206 Enable (1) or disable (0) debug output. If enabled, SMTP
207 commands and replies will be printed. Useful to debug TLS
208 connection and authentication problems.
214 Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
215 should generate patch file specific "To:" entries.
216 Output of this command must be single email address per line.
217 Default is the value of 'sendemail.tocmd' configuration value.
220 Specify a command to execute once per patch file which
221 should generate patch file specific "Cc:" entries.
222 Output of this command must be single email address per line.
223 Default is the value of 'sendemail.cccmd' configuration value.
225 --[no-]chain-reply-to::
226 If this is set, each email will be sent as a reply to the previous
227 email sent. If disabled with "--no-chain-reply-to", all emails after
228 the first will be sent as replies to the first email sent. When using
229 this, it is recommended that the first file given be an overview of the
230 entire patch series. Disabled by default, but the 'sendemail.chainreplyto'
231 configuration variable can be used to enable it.
233 --identity=<identity>::
234 A configuration identity. When given, causes values in the
235 'sendemail.<identity>' subsection to take precedence over
236 values in the 'sendemail' section. The default identity is
237 the value of 'sendemail.identity'.
239 --[no-]signed-off-by-cc::
240 If this is set, add emails found in Signed-off-by: or Cc: lines to the
241 cc list. Default is the value of 'sendemail.signedoffbycc' configuration
242 value; if that is unspecified, default to --signed-off-by-cc.
244 --suppress-cc=<category>::
245 Specify an additional category of recipients to suppress the
249 - 'author' will avoid including the patch author
250 - 'self' will avoid including the sender
251 - 'cc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the patch header
252 except for self (use 'self' for that).
253 - 'bodycc' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Cc lines in the
254 patch body (commit message) except for self (use 'self' for that).
255 - 'sob' will avoid including anyone mentioned in Signed-off-by lines except
256 for self (use 'self' for that).
257 - 'cccmd' will avoid running the --cc-cmd.
258 - 'body' is equivalent to 'sob' + 'bodycc'
259 - 'all' will suppress all auto cc values.
262 Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppresscc' configuration value; if
263 that is unspecified, default to 'self' if --suppress-from is
264 specified, as well as 'body' if --no-signed-off-cc is specified.
266 --[no-]suppress-from::
267 If this is set, do not add the From: address to the cc: list.
268 Default is the value of 'sendemail.suppressfrom' configuration
269 value; if that is unspecified, default to --no-suppress-from.
272 If this is set, the In-Reply-To and References headers will be
273 added to each email sent. Whether each mail refers to the
274 previous email (`deep` threading per 'git format-patch'
275 wording) or to the first email (`shallow` threading) is
276 governed by "--[no-]chain-reply-to".
278 If disabled with "--no-thread", those headers will not be added
279 (unless specified with --in-reply-to). Default is the value of the
280 'sendemail.thread' configuration value; if that is unspecified,
283 It is up to the user to ensure that no In-Reply-To header already
284 exists when 'git send-email' is asked to add it (especially note that
285 'git format-patch' can be configured to do the threading itself).
286 Failure to do so may not produce the expected result in the
294 Confirm just before sending:
297 - 'always' will always confirm before sending
298 - 'never' will never confirm before sending
299 - 'cc' will confirm before sending when send-email has automatically
300 added addresses from the patch to the Cc list
301 - 'compose' will confirm before sending the first message when using --compose.
302 - 'auto' is equivalent to 'cc' + 'compose'
305 Default is the value of 'sendemail.confirm' configuration value; if that
306 is unspecified, default to 'auto' unless any of the suppress options
307 have been specified, in which case default to 'compose'.
310 Do everything except actually send the emails.
312 --[no-]format-patch::
313 When an argument may be understood either as a reference or as a file name,
314 choose to understand it as a format-patch argument ('--format-patch')
315 or as a file name ('--no-format-patch'). By default, when such a conflict
316 occurs, git send-email will fail.
319 Make git-send-email less verbose. One line per email should be
323 Perform sanity checks on patches.
324 Currently, validation means the following:
327 * Warn of patches that contain lines longer than 998 characters; this
328 is due to SMTP limits as described by http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2821.txt.
331 Default is the value of 'sendemail.validate'; if this is not set,
332 default to '--validate'.
335 Send emails even if safety checks would prevent it.
341 sendemail.aliasesfile::
342 To avoid typing long email addresses, point this to one or more
343 email aliases files. You must also supply 'sendemail.aliasfiletype'.
345 sendemail.aliasfiletype::
346 Format of the file(s) specified in sendemail.aliasesfile. Must be
347 one of 'mutt', 'mailrc', 'pine', 'elm', or 'gnus'.
349 sendemail.multiedit::
350 If true (default), a single editor instance will be spawned to edit
351 files you have to edit (patches when '--annotate' is used, and the
352 summary when '--compose' is used). If false, files will be edited one
353 after the other, spawning a new editor each time.
356 Sets the default for whether to confirm before sending. Must be
357 one of 'always', 'never', 'cc', 'compose', or 'auto'. See '--confirm'
358 in the previous section for the meaning of these values.
362 Use gmail as the smtp server
363 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
364 To use 'git send-email' to send your patches through the GMail SMTP server,
365 edit ~/.gitconfig to specify your account settings:
369 smtpserver = smtp.gmail.com
370 smtpuser = yourname@gmail.com
373 Once your commits are ready to be sent to the mailing list, run the
376 $ git format-patch --cover-letter -M origin/master -o outgoing/
377 $ edit outgoing/0000-*
378 $ git send-email outgoing/*
380 Note: the following perl modules are required
381 Net::SMTP::SSL, MIME::Base64 and Authen::SASL
385 linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-imap-send[1], mbox(5)
389 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite