6 git-bundle - Move objects and refs by archive
12 'git bundle' create [-q | --quiet | --progress | --all-progress] [--all-progress-implied] <file> <git-rev-list-args>
13 'git bundle' verify [-q | --quiet] <file>
14 'git bundle' list-heads <file> [<refname>...]
15 'git bundle' unbundle <file> [<refname>...]
20 Some workflows require that one or more branches of development on one
21 machine be replicated on another machine, but the two machines cannot
22 be directly connected, and therefore the interactive Git protocols (git,
23 ssh, http) cannot be used.
25 The 'git bundle' command packages objects and references in an archive
26 at the originating machine, which can then be imported into another
27 repository using 'git fetch', 'git pull', or 'git clone',
28 after moving the archive by some means (e.g., by sneakernet).
31 direct connection between the repositories exists, the user must specify a
32 basis for the bundle that is held by the destination repository: the
33 bundle assumes that all objects in the basis are already in the
34 destination repository.
39 create [options] <file> <git-rev-list-args>::
40 Used to create a bundle named 'file'. This requires the
41 '<git-rev-list-args>' arguments to define the bundle contents.
42 'options' contains the options specific to the 'git bundle create'
46 Used to check that a bundle file is valid and will apply
47 cleanly to the current repository. This includes checks on the
48 bundle format itself as well as checking that the prerequisite
49 commits exist and are fully linked in the current repository.
50 'git bundle' prints a list of missing commits, if any, and exits
51 with a non-zero status.
54 Lists the references defined in the bundle. If followed by a
55 list of references, only references matching those given are
59 Passes the objects in the bundle to 'git index-pack'
60 for storage in the repository, then prints the names of all
61 defined references. If a list of references is given, only
62 references matching those in the list are printed. This command is
63 really plumbing, intended to be called only by 'git fetch'.
66 A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
67 'git rev-list' (and containing a named ref, see SPECIFYING REFERENCES
68 below), that specifies the specific objects and references
69 to transport. For example, `master~10..master` causes the
70 current master reference to be packaged along with all objects
71 added since its 10th ancestor commit. There is no explicit
72 limit to the number of references and objects that may be
77 A list of references used to limit the references reported as
78 available. This is principally of use to 'git fetch', which
79 expects to receive only those references asked for and not
80 necessarily everything in the pack (in this case, 'git bundle' acts
81 like 'git fetch-pack').
84 Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
85 by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
86 is specified. This flag forces progress status even if
87 the standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
90 When --stdout is specified then progress report is
91 displayed during the object count and compression phases
92 but inhibited during the write-out phase. The reason is
93 that in some cases the output stream is directly linked
94 to another command which may wish to display progress
95 status of its own as it processes incoming pack data.
96 This flag is like --progress except that it forces progress
97 report for the write-out phase as well even if --stdout is
100 --all-progress-implied::
101 This is used to imply --all-progress whenever progress display
102 is activated. Unlike --all-progress this flag doesn't actually
103 force any progress display by itself.
107 This flag makes the command not to report its progress
108 on the standard error stream.
110 SPECIFYING REFERENCES
111 ---------------------
113 'git bundle' will only package references that are shown by
114 'git show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads. References
115 such as `master~1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for
116 defining the basis. More than one reference may be packaged, and more
117 than one basis can be specified. The objects packaged are those not
118 contained in the union of the given bases. Each basis can be
119 specified explicitly (e.g. `^master~10`), or implicitly (e.g.
120 `master~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`).
122 It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination.
123 It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file
124 to contain objects already in the destination, as these are ignored
125 when unpacking at the destination.
127 `git clone` can use any bundle created without negative refspecs
128 (e.g., `new`, but not `old..new`).
129 If you want to match `git clone --mirror`, which would include your
130 refs such as `refs/remotes/*`, use `--all`.
131 If you want to provide the same set of refs that a clone directly
132 from the source repository would get, use `--branches --tags` for
133 the `<git-rev-list-args>`.
138 Assume you want to transfer the history from a repository R1 on machine A
139 to another repository R2 on machine B.
140 For whatever reason, direct connection between A and B is not allowed,
141 but we can move data from A to B via some mechanism (CD, email, etc.).
142 We want to update R2 with development made on the branch master in R1.
144 To bootstrap the process, you can first create a bundle that does not have
145 any basis. You can use a tag to remember up to what commit you last
146 processed, in order to make it easy to later update the other repository
147 with an incremental bundle:
151 machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle master
152 machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
155 Then you transfer file.bundle to the target machine B. Because this
156 bundle does not require any existing object to be extracted, you can
157 create a new repository on machine B by cloning from it:
160 machineB$ git clone -b master /home/me/tmp/file.bundle R2
163 This will define a remote called "origin" in the resulting repository that
164 lets you fetch and pull from the bundle. The $GIT_DIR/config file in R2 will
165 have an entry like this:
167 ------------------------
169 url = /home/me/tmp/file.bundle
170 fetch = refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
171 ------------------------
173 To update the resulting mine.git repository, you can fetch or pull after
174 replacing the bundle stored at /home/me/tmp/file.bundle with incremental
177 After working some more in the original repository, you can create an
178 incremental bundle to update the other repository:
182 machineA$ git bundle create file.bundle lastR2bundle..master
183 machineA$ git tag -f lastR2bundle master
186 You then transfer the bundle to the other machine to replace
187 /home/me/tmp/file.bundle, and pull from it.
194 If you know up to what commit the intended recipient repository should
195 have the necessary objects, you can use that knowledge to specify the
196 basis, giving a cut-off point to limit the revisions and objects that go
197 in the resulting bundle. The previous example used the lastR2bundle tag
198 for this purpose, but you can use any other options that you would give to
199 the linkgit:git-log[1] command. Here are more examples:
201 You can use a tag that is present in both:
204 $ git bundle create mybundle v1.0.0..master
207 You can use a basis based on time:
210 $ git bundle create mybundle --since=10.days master
213 You can use the number of commits:
216 $ git bundle create mybundle -10 master
219 You can run `git-bundle verify` to see if you can extract from a bundle
220 that was created with a basis:
223 $ git bundle verify mybundle
226 This will list what commits you must have in order to extract from the
227 bundle and will error out if you do not have them.
229 A bundle from a recipient repository's point of view is just like a
230 regular repository which it fetches or pulls from. You can, for example, map
231 references when fetching:
234 $ git fetch mybundle master:localRef
237 You can also see what references it offers:
240 $ git ls-remote mybundle
245 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite