6 git - the stupid content tracker
12 'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [-p|--paginate]
13 [--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
17 Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
18 unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
19 and full access to internals.
21 See this link:tutorial.html[tutorial] to get started, then see
22 link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
23 "man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
24 also want to read link:cvs-migration.html[CVS migration].
25 link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] is still work in
26 progress, but when finished hopefully it will guide a new user
27 in a coherent way to git enlightenment ;-).
29 The COMMAND is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
30 as defined in the configuration file (see gitlink:git-config[1]).
35 You are reading the documentation for the latest version of git.
36 Documentation for older releases are available here:
38 * link:v1.5.0.1/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.1]
40 * link:v1.5.0.1/RelNotes-1.5.0.1.txt[release notes for 1.5.0.1]
42 * link:v1.5.0/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0]
44 * link:v1.5.0/RelNotes-1.5.0.txt[release notes for 1.5.0]
46 * link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.4.4.4]
48 * link:v1.3.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.3.3]
50 * link:v1.2.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.2.6]
52 * link:v1.0.13/git.html[documentation for release 1.0.13]
61 Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
64 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
65 commands. If a git command is named this option will bring up
66 the man-page for that command. If the option '--all' or '-a' is
67 given then all available commands are printed.
70 Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
71 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
72 environment variable. If no path is given 'git' will print
73 the current setting and then exit.
76 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER).
79 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
80 setting the GIT_DIR environment variable.
83 Same as --git-dir=`pwd`.
88 See the references above to get started using git. The following is
89 probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
91 The <<Discussion,Discussion>> section below and the
92 link:core-tutorial.html[Core tutorial] both provide introductions to the
93 underlying git architecture.
95 See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
101 We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
102 ("plumbing") commands.
104 High-level commands (porcelain)
105 -------------------------------
107 We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
108 ancillary user utilities.
110 Main porcelain commands
111 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
113 include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
119 include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
123 include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
126 Interacting with Others
127 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
129 These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
130 people via patch over e-mail.
132 include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
135 Low-level commands (plumbing)
136 -----------------------------
138 Although git includes its
139 own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
140 development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
141 might start by reading about gitlink:git-update-index[1] and
142 gitlink:git-read-tree[1].
144 The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
145 to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
146 than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
147 primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
148 on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
151 The following description divides
152 the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
153 the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
154 compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
158 Manipulation commands
159 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
161 include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
164 Interrogation commands
165 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
167 include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
169 In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
173 Synching repositories
174 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
176 include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
178 The following are helper programs used by the above; end users
179 typically do not use them directly.
181 include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
184 Internal helper commands
185 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
187 These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
188 users typically do not use them directly.
190 include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
193 Configuration Mechanism
194 -----------------------
196 Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
197 is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
198 simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
199 people. Here is an example:
203 # A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
208 ; Don't trust file modes
213 name = "Junio C Hamano"
214 email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
218 Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
219 their operation accordingly.
222 Identifier Terminology
223 ----------------------
225 Indicates the object name for any type of object.
228 Indicates a blob object name.
231 Indicates a tree object name.
234 Indicates a commit object name.
237 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A
238 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to
239 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences
240 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>.
243 Indicates that an object type is required.
244 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`.
247 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the
248 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes.
252 Any git command accepting any <object> can also use the following
256 indicates the head of the current branch (i.e. the
257 contents of `$GIT_DIR/HEAD`).
261 (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/tags/<tag>`).
265 (i.e. the contents of `$GIT_DIR/refs/heads/<head>`).
267 For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see
268 "SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in gitlink:git-rev-parse[1].
271 File/Directory Structure
272 ------------------------
274 Please see link:repository-layout.html[repository layout] document.
276 Read link:hooks.html[hooks] for more details about each hook.
278 Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the
284 Please see link:glossary.html[glossary] document.
287 Environment Variables
288 ---------------------
289 Various git commands use the following environment variables:
293 These environment variables apply to 'all' core git commands. Nb: it
294 is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above
295 git so take care if using Cogito etc.
298 This environment allows the specification of an alternate
299 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index`
302 'GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY'::
303 If the object storage directory is specified via this
304 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created
305 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects`
308 'GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES'::
309 Due to the immutable nature of git objects, old objects can be
310 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable
311 specifies a ":" separated list of git object directories which
312 can be used to search for git objects. New objects will not be
313 written to these directories.
316 If the 'GIT_DIR' environment variable is set then it
317 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git`
318 for the base of the repository.
325 'GIT_COMMITTER_NAME'::
326 'GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL'::
327 see gitlink:git-commit-tree[1]
332 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the
333 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created.
334 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option
335 value passed on the git diff command line.
337 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF'::
338 When the environment variable 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is set, the
339 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation
340 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified,
341 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 7 parameters:
343 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode
347 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the
348 contents of <old|new>,
349 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA1 hashes,
350 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes.
353 The file parameters can point at the user's working file
354 (e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file`
355 when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the
356 index). 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' should not worry about unlinking the
357 temporary file --- it is removed when 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' exits.
359 For a path that is unmerged, 'GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF' is called with 1
365 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`.
368 If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison
369 is case insensitive), git will print `trace:` messages on
370 stderr telling about alias expansion, built-in command
371 execution and external command execution.
372 If this variable is set to an integer value greater than 1
373 and lower than 10 (strictly) then git will interpret this
374 value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the
375 trace messages into this file descriptor.
376 Alternatively, if this variable is set to an absolute path
377 (starting with a '/' character), git will interpret this
378 as a file path and will try to write the trace messages
381 Discussion[[Discussion]]
382 ------------------------
383 include::core-intro.txt[]
387 * git's founding father is Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>.
388 * The current git nurse is Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net>.
389 * The git potty was written by Andres Ericsson <ae@op5.se>.
390 * General upbringing is handled by the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
394 The documentation for git suite was started by David Greaves
395 <david@dgreaves.com>, and later enhanced greatly by the
396 contributors on the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
400 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite