6 git-log - Show commit logs
12 'git log' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...]
16 Shows the commit logs.
18 The command takes options applicable to the `git rev-list`
19 command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to
20 the `git diff-*` commands to control how the changes
21 each commit introduces are shown.
28 Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
29 (works only for a single file).
32 --decorate[=short|full|auto|no]::
33 Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If 'short' is
34 specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/', 'refs/tags/' and
35 'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is specified, the
36 full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. If 'auto' is
37 specified, then if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names
38 are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref names are
39 shown. The default option is 'short'.
41 --decorate-refs=<pattern>::
42 --decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>::
43 If no `--decorate-refs` is given, pretend as if all refs were
44 included. For each candidate, do not use it for decoration if it
45 matches any patterns given to `--decorate-refs-exclude` or if it
46 doesn't match any of the patterns given to `--decorate-refs`.
49 Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each
53 Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email
54 addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See
55 linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
58 Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that
59 touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified
60 paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch
61 the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only
62 commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits.
64 Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those
65 produced by `--stat`, etc.
68 Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit,
69 where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes.
70 Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log`
71 output by allowing them to allocate space in advance.
73 -L <start>,<end>:<file>::
74 -L :<funcname>:<file>::
75 Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>"
76 (or the function name regex <funcname>) within the <file>. You may
77 not give any pathspec limiters. This is currently limited to
78 a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only
79 give zero or one positive revision arguments.
80 You can specify this option more than once.
82 include::line-range-format.txt[]
85 Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no
86 <revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the
87 whole history leading to the current commit). `origin..HEAD`
88 specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit
89 (i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of
90 ways to spell <revision range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges'
91 section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7].
94 Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files
95 that match the specified paths came to be. See 'History
96 Simplification' below for details and other simplification
99 Paths may need to be prefixed with `--` to separate them from
100 options or the revision range, when confusion arises.
102 include::rev-list-options.txt[]
104 include::pretty-formats.txt[]
110 include::diff-options.txt[]
112 include::diff-generate-patch.txt[]
116 `git log --no-merges`::
118 Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges
120 `git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`::
122 Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file
123 in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories
125 `git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`::
127 Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'.
128 The `--` is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named
131 `git log --name-status release..test`::
133 Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet
134 in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths
135 each commit modifies.
137 `git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`::
139 Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including
140 those commits that occurred before the file was given its
143 `git log --branches --not --remotes=origin`::
145 Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in
146 any of remote-tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that
149 `git log master --not --remotes=*/master`::
151 Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote
152 repository master branches.
154 `git log -p -m --first-parent`::
156 Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the
157 ``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged
158 branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges.
159 This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all
160 topic branches when staying on a single integration branch.
162 `git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`::
164 Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved
169 Limits the number of commits to show to 3.
179 See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1]
180 for settings related to diff generation.
183 Default for the `--format` option. (See 'Pretty Formats' above.)
184 Defaults to `medium`.
186 i18n.logOutputEncoding::
187 Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See 'Discussion' above.)
188 Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8
192 Default format for human-readable dates. (Compare the
193 `--date` option.) Defaults to "default", which means to write
194 dates like `Sat May 8 19:35:34 2010 -0500`.
196 If the format is set to "auto:foo" and the pager is in use, format
197 "foo" will be the used for the date format. Otherwise "default" will
201 If `true`, `git log` will act as if the `--follow` option was used when
202 a single <path> is given. This has the same limitations as `--follow`,
203 i.e. it cannot be used to follow multiple files and does not work well
204 on non-linear history.
207 If `false`, `git log` and related commands will not treat the
208 initial commit as a big creation event. Any root commits in
209 `git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached.
210 The default is `true`.
213 If `true`, `git log` and related commands will act as if the
214 `--show-signature` option was passed to them.
217 See linkgit:git-shortlog[1].
220 Which refs, in addition to the default set by `core.notesRef`
221 or `GIT_NOTES_REF`, to read notes from when showing commit
222 messages with the `log` family of commands. See
223 linkgit:git-notes[1].
225 May be an unabbreviated ref name or a glob and may be specified
226 multiple times. A warning will be issued for refs that do not exist,
227 but a glob that does not match any refs is silently ignored.
229 This setting can be disabled by the `--no-notes` option,
230 overridden by the `GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF` environment variable,
231 and overridden by the `--notes=<ref>` option.
235 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite