1 git-interpret-trailers(1)
2 =========================
6 git-interpret-trailers - help add structured information into commit messages
11 'git interpret-trailers' [--in-place] [--trim-empty] [(--trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>])...] [<file>...]
15 Help adding 'trailers' lines, that look similar to RFC 822 e-mail
16 headers, at the end of the otherwise free-form part of a commit
19 This command reads some patches or commit messages from either the
20 <file> arguments or the standard input if no <file> is specified. Then
21 this command applies the arguments passed using the `--trailer`
22 option, if any, to the commit message part of each input file. The
23 result is emitted on the standard output.
25 Some configuration variables control the way the `--trailer` arguments
26 are applied to each commit message and the way any existing trailer in
27 the commit message is changed. They also make it possible to
28 automatically add some trailers.
30 By default, a '<token>=<value>' or '<token>:<value>' argument given
31 using `--trailer` will be appended after the existing trailers only if
32 the last trailer has a different (<token>, <value>) pair (or if there
33 is no existing trailer). The <token> and <value> parts will be trimmed
34 to remove starting and trailing whitespace, and the resulting trimmed
35 <token> and <value> will appear in the message like this:
37 ------------------------------------------------
39 ------------------------------------------------
41 This means that the trimmed <token> and <value> will be separated by
42 `': '` (one colon followed by one space).
44 By default the new trailer will appear at the end of all the existing
45 trailers. If there is no existing trailer, the new trailer will appear
46 after the commit message part of the output, and, if there is no line
47 with only spaces at the end of the commit message part, one blank line
48 will be added before the new trailer.
50 Existing trailers are extracted from the input message by looking for
51 a group of one or more lines that contain a colon (by default), where
52 the group is preceded by one or more empty (or whitespace-only) lines.
53 The group must either be at the end of the message or be the last
54 non-whitespace lines before a line that starts with '---'. Such three
55 minus signs start the patch part of the message.
57 When reading trailers, there can be whitespaces before and after the
58 token, the separator and the value. There can also be whitespaces
59 inside the token and the value.
61 Note that 'trailers' do not follow and are not intended to follow many
62 rules for RFC 822 headers. For example they do not follow the line
63 folding rules, the encoding rules and probably many other rules.
68 Edit the files in place.
71 If the <value> part of any trailer contains only whitespace,
72 the whole trailer will be removed from the resulting message.
73 This applies to existing trailers as well as new trailers.
75 --trailer <token>[(=|:)<value>]::
76 Specify a (<token>, <value>) pair that should be applied as a
77 trailer to the input messages. See the description of this
80 CONFIGURATION VARIABLES
81 -----------------------
84 This option tells which characters are recognized as trailer
85 separators. By default only ':' is recognized as a trailer
86 separator, except that '=' is always accepted on the command
87 line for compatibility with other git commands.
89 The first character given by this option will be the default character
90 used when another separator is not specified in the config for this
93 For example, if the value for this option is "%=$", then only lines
94 using the format '<token><sep><value>' with <sep> containing '%', '='
95 or '$' and then spaces will be considered trailers. And '%' will be
96 the default separator used, so by default trailers will appear like:
97 '<token>% <value>' (one percent sign and one space will appear between
98 the token and the value).
101 This option tells where a new trailer will be added.
103 This can be `end`, which is the default, `start`, `after` or `before`.
105 If it is `end`, then each new trailer will appear at the end of the
108 If it is `start`, then each new trailer will appear at the start,
109 instead of the end, of the existing trailers.
111 If it is `after`, then each new trailer will appear just after the
112 last trailer with the same <token>.
114 If it is `before`, then each new trailer will appear just before the
115 first trailer with the same <token>.
118 This option makes it possible to choose what action will be
119 performed when there is already at least one trailer with the
120 same <token> in the message.
122 The valid values for this option are: `addIfDifferentNeighbor` (this
123 is the default), `addIfDifferent`, `add`, `overwrite` or `doNothing`.
125 With `addIfDifferentNeighbor`, a new trailer will be added only if no
126 trailer with the same (<token>, <value>) pair is above or below the line
127 where the new trailer will be added.
129 With `addIfDifferent`, a new trailer will be added only if no trailer
130 with the same (<token>, <value>) pair is already in the message.
132 With `add`, a new trailer will be added, even if some trailers with
133 the same (<token>, <value>) pair are already in the message.
135 With `replace`, an existing trailer with the same <token> will be
136 deleted and the new trailer will be added. The deleted trailer will be
137 the closest one (with the same <token>) to the place where the new one
140 With `doNothing`, nothing will be done; that is no new trailer will be
141 added if there is already one with the same <token> in the message.
144 This option makes it possible to choose what action will be
145 performed when there is not yet any trailer with the same
146 <token> in the message.
148 The valid values for this option are: `add` (this is the default) and
151 With `add`, a new trailer will be added.
153 With `doNothing`, nothing will be done.
155 trailer.<token>.key::
156 This `key` will be used instead of <token> in the trailer. At
157 the end of this key, a separator can appear and then some
158 space characters. By default the only valid separator is ':',
159 but this can be changed using the `trailer.separators` config
162 If there is a separator, then the key will be used instead of both the
163 <token> and the default separator when adding the trailer.
165 trailer.<token>.where::
166 This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.where'
167 configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
168 that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
170 trailer.<token>.ifexist::
171 This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.ifexist'
172 configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
173 that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
175 trailer.<token>.ifmissing::
176 This option takes the same values as the 'trailer.ifmissing'
177 configuration variable and it overrides what is specified by
178 that option for trailers with the specified <token>.
180 trailer.<token>.command::
181 This option can be used to specify a shell command that will
182 be called to automatically add or modify a trailer with the
185 When this option is specified, the behavior is as if a special
186 '<token>=<value>' argument were added at the beginning of the command
187 line, where <value> is taken to be the standard output of the
188 specified command with any leading and trailing whitespace trimmed
191 If the command contains the `$ARG` string, this string will be
192 replaced with the <value> part of an existing trailer with the same
193 <token>, if any, before the command is launched.
195 If some '<token>=<value>' arguments are also passed on the command
196 line, when a 'trailer.<token>.command' is configured, the command will
197 also be executed for each of these arguments. And the <value> part of
198 these arguments, if any, will be used to replace the `$ARG` string in
204 * Configure a 'sign' trailer with a 'Signed-off-by' key, and then
205 add two of these trailers to a message:
208 $ git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by"
213 $ cat msg.txt | git interpret-trailers --trailer 'sign: Alice <alice@example.com>' --trailer 'sign: Bob <bob@example.com>'
218 Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
219 Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
222 * Use the `--in-place` option to edit a message file in place:
230 Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
231 $ git interpret-trailers --trailer 'Acked-by: Alice <alice@example.com>' --in-place msg.txt
237 Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
238 Acked-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
241 * Extract the last commit as a patch, and add a 'Cc' and a
242 'Reviewed-by' trailer to it:
245 $ git format-patch -1
247 $ git interpret-trailers --trailer 'Cc: Alice <alice@example.com>' --trailer 'Reviewed-by: Bob <bob@example.com>' 0001-foo.patch >0001-bar.patch
250 * Configure a 'sign' trailer with a command to automatically add a
251 'Signed-off-by: ' with the author information only if there is no
252 'Signed-off-by: ' already, and show how it works:
255 $ git config trailer.sign.key "Signed-off-by: "
256 $ git config trailer.sign.ifmissing add
257 $ git config trailer.sign.ifexists doNothing
258 $ git config trailer.sign.command 'echo "$(git config user.name) <$(git config user.email)>"'
259 $ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
262 Signed-off-by: Bob <bob@example.com>
263 $ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
264 > Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
267 Signed-off-by: Alice <alice@example.com>
270 * Configure a 'fix' trailer with a key that contains a '#' and no
271 space after this character, and show how it works:
274 $ git config trailer.separators ":#"
275 $ git config trailer.fix.key "Fix #"
276 $ echo "subject" | git interpret-trailers --trailer fix=42
282 * Configure a 'see' trailer with a command to show the subject of a
283 commit that is related, and show how it works:
286 $ git config trailer.see.key "See-also: "
287 $ git config trailer.see.ifExists "replace"
288 $ git config trailer.see.ifMissing "doNothing"
289 $ git config trailer.see.command "git log -1 --oneline --format=\"%h (%s)\" --abbrev-commit --abbrev=14 \$ARG"
290 $ git interpret-trailers <<EOF
301 See-also: fe3187489d69c4 (subject of related commit)
304 * Configure a commit template with some trailers with empty values
305 (using sed to show and keep the trailing spaces at the end of the
306 trailers), then configure a commit-msg hook that uses
307 'git interpret-trailers' to remove trailers with empty values and
308 to add a 'git-version' trailer:
311 $ sed -e 's/ Z$/ /' >commit_template.txt <<EOF
321 $ git config commit.template commit_template.txt
322 $ cat >.git/hooks/commit-msg <<EOF
324 > git interpret-trailers --trim-empty --trailer "git-version: \$(git describe)" "\$1" > "\$1.new"
327 $ chmod +x .git/hooks/commit-msg
332 linkgit:git-commit[1], linkgit:git-format-patch[1], linkgit:git-config[1]
336 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite