4 The run-command API offers a versatile tool to run sub-processes with
5 redirected input and output as well as with a modified environment
6 and an alternate current directory.
8 A similar API offers the capability to run a function asynchronously,
9 which is primarily used to capture the output that the function
10 produces in the caller in order to process it.
18 Start a sub-process. Takes a pointer to a `struct child_process`
19 that specifies the details and returns pipe FDs (if requested).
20 See below for details.
24 Wait for the completion of a sub-process that was started with
29 A convenience function that encapsulates a sequence of
30 start_command() followed by finish_command(). Takes a pointer
31 to a `struct child_process` that specifies the details.
33 `run_command_v_opt`, `run_command_v_opt_dir`, `run_command_v_opt_cd_env`::
35 Convenience functions that encapsulate a sequence of
36 start_command() followed by finish_command(). The argument argv
37 specifies the program and its arguments. The argument opt is zero
38 or more of the flags `RUN_COMMAND_NO_STDIN`, `RUN_GIT_CMD`, or
39 `RUN_COMMAND_STDOUT_TO_STDERR` that correspond to the members
40 .no_stdin, .git_cmd, .stdout_to_stderr of `struct child_process`.
41 The argument dir corresponds the member .dir. The argument env
42 corresponds to the member .env.
46 Run a function asynchronously. Takes a pointer to a `struct
47 async` that specifies the details and returns a pipe FD
48 from which the caller reads. See below for details.
52 Wait for the completeion of an asynchronous function that was
53 started with start_async().
59 * `struct child_process`
61 This describes the arguments, redirections, and environment of a
62 command to run in a sub-process.
66 1. allocates and clears (memset(&chld, '0', sizeof(chld));) a
67 struct child_process variable;
68 2. initializes the members;
69 3. calls start_command();
70 4. processes the data;
71 5. closes file descriptors (if necessary; see below);
72 6. calls finish_command().
74 The .argv member is set up as an array of string pointers (NULL
75 terminated), of which .argv[0] is the program name to run (usually
76 without a path). If the command to run is a git command, set argv[0] to
77 the command name without the 'git-' prefix and set .git_cmd = 1.
79 The members .in, .out, .err are used to redirect stdin, stdout,
82 . Specify 0 to request no special redirection. No new file descriptor
83 is allocated. The child process simply inherits the channel from the
86 . Specify -1 to have a pipe allocated; start_command() replaces -1
87 by the pipe FD in the following way:
89 .in: Returns the writable pipe end into which the caller writes;
90 the readable end of the pipe becomes the child's stdin.
92 .out, .err: Returns the readable pipe end from which the caller
93 reads; the writable end of the pipe end becomes child's
96 The caller of start_command() must close the so returned FDs
97 after it has completed reading from/writing to it!
99 . Specify a file descriptor > 0 to be used by the child:
101 .in: The FD must be readable; it becomes child's stdin.
102 .out: The FD must be writable; it becomes child's stdout.
103 .err > 0 is not supported.
105 The specified FD is closed by start_command(), even if it fails to
108 . Special forms of redirection are available by setting these members
111 .no_stdin, .no_stdout, .no_stderr: The respective channel is
112 redirected to /dev/null.
114 .stdout_to_stderr: stdout of the child is redirected to the
115 parent's stderr (i.e. *not* to what .err or
118 To modify the environment of the sub-process, specify an array of
119 string pointers (NULL terminated) in .env:
121 . If the string is of the form "VAR=value", i.e. it contains '='
122 the variable is added to the child process's environment.
124 . If the string does not contain '=', it names an environement
125 variable that will be removed from the child process's envionment.
127 To specify a new initial working directory for the sub-process,
128 specify it in the .dir member.
133 This describes a function to run asynchronously, whose purpose is
134 to produce output that the caller reads.
138 1. allocates and clears (memset(&asy, '0', sizeof(asy));) a
139 struct async variable;
140 2. initializes .proc and .data;
141 3. calls start_async();
142 4. processes the data by reading from the fd in .out;
144 6. calls finish_async().
146 The function pointer in .proc has the following signature:
148 int proc(int fd, void *data);
150 . fd specifies a writable file descriptor to which the function must
151 write the data that it produces. The function *must* close this
152 descriptor before it returns.
154 . data is the value that the caller has specified in the .data member
157 . The return value of the function is 0 on success and non-zero
158 on failure. If the function indicates failure, finish_async() will
159 report failure as well.
162 There are serious restrictions on what the asynchronous function can do
163 because this facility is implemented by a pipe to a forked process on
164 UNIX, but by a thread in the same address space on Windows:
166 . It cannot change the program's state (global variables, environment,
167 etc.) in a way that the caller notices; in other words, .out is the
168 only communication channel to the caller.
170 . It must not change the program's state that the caller of the