6 git-bisect - Find the change that introduced a bug by binary search
11 'git bisect' <subcommand> <options>
15 The command takes various subcommands, and different options depending
18 git bisect start [<bad> [<good>...]] [--] [<paths>...]
21 git bisect reset [<branch>]
23 git bisect replay <logfile>
25 git bisect run <cmd>...
27 This command uses 'git-rev-list --bisect' option to help drive the
28 binary search process to find which change introduced a bug, given an
29 old "good" commit object name and a later "bad" commit object name.
31 Basic bisect commands: start, bad, good
32 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
34 The way you use it is:
36 ------------------------------------------------
38 $ git bisect bad # Current version is bad
39 $ git bisect good v2.6.13-rc2 # v2.6.13-rc2 was the last version
40 # tested that was good
41 ------------------------------------------------
43 When you give at least one bad and one good versions, it will bisect
44 the revision tree and say something like:
46 ------------------------------------------------
47 Bisecting: 675 revisions left to test after this
48 ------------------------------------------------
50 and check out the state in the middle. Now, compile that kernel, and
51 boot it. Now, let's say that this booted kernel works fine, then just
54 ------------------------------------------------
55 $ git bisect good # this one is good
56 ------------------------------------------------
60 ------------------------------------------------
61 Bisecting: 337 revisions left to test after this
62 ------------------------------------------------
64 and you continue along, compiling that one, testing it, and depending
65 on whether it is good or bad, you say "git bisect good" or "git bisect
66 bad", and ask for the next bisection.
68 Until you have no more left, and you'll have been left with the first
69 bad kernel rev in "refs/bisect/bad".
74 Oh, and then after you want to reset to the original head, do a
76 ------------------------------------------------
78 ------------------------------------------------
80 to get back to the master branch, instead of being in one of the
81 bisection branches ("git bisect start" will do that for you too,
82 actually: it will reset the bisection state, and before it does that
83 it checks that you're not using some old bisection branch).
88 During the bisection process, you can say
91 $ git bisect visualize
94 to see the currently remaining suspects in `gitk`.
96 Bisect log and bisect replay
97 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
99 The good/bad input is logged, and
105 shows what you have done so far. You can truncate its output somewhere
106 and save it in a file, and run
109 $ git bisect replay that-file
112 if you find later you made a mistake telling good/bad about a
115 Avoiding to test a commit
116 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
118 If in a middle of bisect session, you know what the bisect suggested
119 to try next is not a good one to test (e.g. the change the commit
120 introduces is known not to work in your environment and you know it
121 does not have anything to do with the bug you are chasing), you may
122 want to find a near-by commit and try that instead.
124 It goes something like this:
127 $ git bisect good/bad # previous round was good/bad.
128 Bisecting: 337 revisions left to test after this
129 $ git bisect visualize # oops, that is uninteresting.
130 $ git reset --hard HEAD~3 # try 3 revs before what
134 Then compile and test the one you chose to try. After that, tell
135 bisect what the result was as usual.
137 Cutting down bisection by giving more parameters to bisect start
138 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
140 You can further cut down the number of trials if you know what part of
141 the tree is involved in the problem you are tracking down, by giving
142 paths parameters when you say `bisect start`, like this:
145 $ git bisect start -- arch/i386 include/asm-i386
148 If you know beforehand more than one good commits, you can narrow the
149 bisect space down without doing the whole tree checkout every time you
150 give good commits. You give the bad revision immediately after `start`
151 and then you give all the good revisions you have:
154 $ git bisect start v2.6.20-rc6 v2.6.20-rc4 v2.6.20-rc1 --
156 # v2.6.20-rc4 and v2.6.20-rc1 are good
162 If you have a script that can tell if the current source code is good
163 or bad, you can automatically bisect using:
166 $ git bisect run my_script
169 Note that the "run" script (`my_script` in the above example) should
170 exit with code 0 in case the current source code is good and with a
171 code between 1 and 127 (included) in case the current source code is
174 Any other exit code will abort the automatic bisect process. (A
175 program that does "exit(-1)" leaves $? = 255, see exit(3) manual page,
176 the value is chopped with "& 0377".)
178 You may often find that during bisect you want to have near-constant
179 tweaks (e.g., s/#define DEBUG 0/#define DEBUG 1/ in a header file, or
180 "revision that does not have this commit needs this patch applied to
181 work around other problem this bisection is not interested in")
182 applied to the revision being tested.
184 To cope with such a situation, after the inner git-bisect finds the
185 next revision to test, with the "run" script, you can apply that tweak
186 before compiling, run the real test, and after the test decides if the
187 revision (possibly with the needed tweaks) passed the test, rewind the
188 tree to the pristine state. Finally the "run" script can exit with
189 the status of the real test to let "git bisect run" command loop to
194 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
198 Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
202 Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite