compat/mingw.c

   1 #include "../git-compat-util.h"
   2 #include "win32.h"
   3 #include <conio.h>
   4 #include <wchar.h>
   5 #include "../strbuf.h"
   6 #include "../run-command.h"
   7 #include "../cache.h"
   8
   9 #define HCAST(type, handle) ((type)(intptr_t)handle)
  10
  11 static const int delay[] = { 0, 1, 10, 20, 40 };
  12
  13 int err_win_to_posix(DWORD winerr)
  14 {
  15         int error = ENOSYS;
  16         switch(winerr) {
  17         case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED: error = EACCES; break;
  18         case ERROR_ACCOUNT_DISABLED: error = EACCES; break;
  19         case ERROR_ACCOUNT_RESTRICTION: error = EACCES; break;
  20         case ERROR_ALREADY_ASSIGNED: error = EBUSY; break;
  21         case ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS: error = EEXIST; break;
  22         case ERROR_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW: error = ERANGE; break;
  23         case ERROR_BAD_COMMAND: error = EIO; break;
  24         case ERROR_BAD_DEVICE: error = ENODEV; break;
  25         case ERROR_BAD_DRIVER_LEVEL: error = ENXIO; break;
  26         case ERROR_BAD_EXE_FORMAT: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  27         case ERROR_BAD_FORMAT: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  28         case ERROR_BAD_LENGTH: error = EINVAL; break;
  29         case ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME: error = ENOENT; break;
  30         case ERROR_BAD_PIPE: error = EPIPE; break;
  31         case ERROR_BAD_UNIT: error = ENODEV; break;
  32         case ERROR_BAD_USERNAME: error = EINVAL; break;
  33         case ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE: error = EPIPE; break;
  34         case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW: error = ENAMETOOLONG; break;
  35         case ERROR_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
  36         case ERROR_BUSY_DRIVE: error = EBUSY; break;
  37         case ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED: error = ENOSYS; break;
  38         case ERROR_CANNOT_MAKE: error = EACCES; break;
  39         case ERROR_CANTOPEN: error = EIO; break;
  40         case ERROR_CANTREAD: error = EIO; break;
  41         case ERROR_CANTWRITE: error = EIO; break;
  42         case ERROR_CRC: error = EIO; break;
  43         case ERROR_CURRENT_DIRECTORY: error = EACCES; break;
  44         case ERROR_DEVICE_IN_USE: error = EBUSY; break;
  45         case ERROR_DEV_NOT_EXIST: error = ENODEV; break;
  46         case ERROR_DIRECTORY: error = EINVAL; break;
  47         case ERROR_DIR_NOT_EMPTY: error = ENOTEMPTY; break;
  48         case ERROR_DISK_CHANGE: error = EIO; break;
  49         case ERROR_DISK_FULL: error = ENOSPC; break;
  50         case ERROR_DRIVE_LOCKED: error = EBUSY; break;
  51         case ERROR_ENVVAR_NOT_FOUND: error = EINVAL; break;
  52         case ERROR_EXE_MARKED_INVALID: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  53         case ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE: error = ENAMETOOLONG; break;
  54         case ERROR_FILE_EXISTS: error = EEXIST; break;
  55         case ERROR_FILE_INVALID: error = ENODEV; break;
  56         case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND: error = ENOENT; break;
  57         case ERROR_GEN_FAILURE: error = EIO; break;
  58         case ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL: error = ENOSPC; break;
  59         case ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER: error = ENOMEM; break;
  60         case ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS: error = EACCES; break;
  61         case ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS: error = EFAULT; break;
  62         case ERROR_INVALID_BLOCK: error = EFAULT; break;
  63         case ERROR_INVALID_DATA: error = EINVAL; break;
  64         case ERROR_INVALID_DRIVE: error = ENODEV; break;
  65         case ERROR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  66         case ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS: error = EINVAL; break;
  67         case ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION: error = ENOSYS; break;
  68         case ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE: error = EBADF; break;
  69         case ERROR_INVALID_LOGON_HOURS: error = EACCES; break;
  70         case ERROR_INVALID_NAME: error = EINVAL; break;
  71         case ERROR_INVALID_OWNER: error = EINVAL; break;
  72         case ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER: error = EINVAL; break;
  73         case ERROR_INVALID_PASSWORD: error = EPERM; break;
  74         case ERROR_INVALID_PRIMARY_GROUP: error = EINVAL; break;
  75         case ERROR_INVALID_SIGNAL_NUMBER: error = EINVAL; break;
  76         case ERROR_INVALID_TARGET_HANDLE: error = EIO; break;
  77         case ERROR_INVALID_WORKSTATION: error = EACCES; break;
  78         case ERROR_IO_DEVICE: error = EIO; break;
  79         case ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE: error = EINTR; break;
  80         case ERROR_LOCKED: error = EBUSY; break;
  81         case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION: error = EACCES; break;
  82         case ERROR_LOGON_FAILURE: error = EACCES; break;
  83         case ERROR_MAPPED_ALIGNMENT: error = EINVAL; break;
  84         case ERROR_META_EXPANSION_TOO_LONG: error = E2BIG; break;
  85         case ERROR_MORE_DATA: error = EPIPE; break;
  86         case ERROR_NEGATIVE_SEEK: error = ESPIPE; break;
  87         case ERROR_NOACCESS: error = EFAULT; break;
  88         case ERROR_NONE_MAPPED: error = EINVAL; break;
  89         case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY: error = ENOMEM; break;
  90         case ERROR_NOT_READY: error = EAGAIN; break;
  91         case ERROR_NOT_SAME_DEVICE: error = EXDEV; break;
  92         case ERROR_NO_DATA: error = EPIPE; break;
  93         case ERROR_NO_MORE_SEARCH_HANDLES: error = EIO; break;
  94         case ERROR_NO_PROC_SLOTS: error = EAGAIN; break;
  95         case ERROR_NO_SUCH_PRIVILEGE: error = EACCES; break;
  96         case ERROR_OPEN_FAILED: error = EIO; break;
  97         case ERROR_OPEN_FILES: error = EBUSY; break;
  98         case ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED: error = EINTR; break;
  99         case ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY: error = ENOMEM; break;
 100         case ERROR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED: error = EACCES; break;
 101         case ERROR_PATH_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
 102         case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND: error = ENOENT; break;
 103         case ERROR_PIPE_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
 104         case ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED: error = EPIPE; break;
 105         case ERROR_PIPE_LISTENING: error = EPIPE; break;
 106         case ERROR_PIPE_NOT_CONNECTED: error = EPIPE; break;
 107         case ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD: error = EACCES; break;
 108         case ERROR_READ_FAULT: error = EIO; break;
 109         case ERROR_SEEK: error = EIO; break;
 110         case ERROR_SEEK_ON_DEVICE: error = ESPIPE; break;
 111         case ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED: error = ENFILE; break;
 112         case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION: error = EACCES; break;
 113         case ERROR_STACK_OVERFLOW: error = ENOMEM; break;
 114         case ERROR_SWAPERROR: error = ENOENT; break;
 115         case ERROR_TOO_MANY_MODULES: error = EMFILE; break;
 116         case ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES: error = EMFILE; break;
 117         case ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_MEDIA: error = ENXIO; break;
 118         case ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_VOLUME: error = ENODEV; break;
 119         case ERROR_WAIT_NO_CHILDREN: error = ECHILD; break;
 120         case ERROR_WRITE_FAULT: error = EIO; break;
 121         case ERROR_WRITE_PROTECT: error = EROFS; break;
 122         }
 123         return error;
 124 }
 125
 126 static inline int is_file_in_use_error(DWORD errcode)
 127 {
 128         switch (errcode) {
 129         case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION:
 130         case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
 131                 return 1;
 132         }
 133
 134         return 0;
 135 }
 136
 137 static int read_yes_no_answer(void)
 138 {
 139         char answer[1024];
 140
 141         if (fgets(answer, sizeof(answer), stdin)) {
 142                 size_t answer_len = strlen(answer);
 143                 int got_full_line = 0, c;
 144
 145                 /* remove the newline */
 146                 if (answer_len >= 2 && answer[answer_len-2] == '\r') {
 147                         answer[answer_len-2] = '\0';
 148                         got_full_line = 1;
 149                 } else if (answer_len >= 1 && answer[answer_len-1] == '\n') {
 150                         answer[answer_len-1] = '\0';
 151                         got_full_line = 1;
 152                 }
 153                 /* flush the buffer in case we did not get the full line */
 154                 if (!got_full_line)
 155                         while ((c = getchar()) != EOF && c != '\n')
 156                                 ;
 157         } else
 158                 /* we could not read, return the
 159                  * default answer which is no */
 160                 return 0;
 161
 162         if (tolower(answer[0]) == 'y' && !answer[1])
 163                 return 1;
 164         if (!strncasecmp(answer, "yes", sizeof(answer)))
 165                 return 1;
 166         if (tolower(answer[0]) == 'n' && !answer[1])
 167                 return 0;
 168         if (!strncasecmp(answer, "no", sizeof(answer)))
 169                 return 0;
 170
 171         /* did not find an answer we understand */
 172         return -1;
 173 }
 174
 175 static int ask_yes_no_if_possible(const char *format, ...)
 176 {
 177         char question[4096];
 178         const char *retry_hook[] = { NULL, NULL, NULL };
 179         va_list args;
 180
 181         va_start(args, format);
 182         vsnprintf(question, sizeof(question), format, args);
 183         va_end(args);
 184
 185         if ((retry_hook[0] = mingw_getenv("GIT_ASK_YESNO"))) {
 186                 retry_hook[1] = question;
 187                 return !run_command_v_opt(retry_hook, 0);
 188         }
 189
 190         if (!isatty(_fileno(stdin)) || !isatty(_fileno(stderr)))
 191                 return 0;
 192
 193         while (1) {
 194                 int answer;
 195                 fprintf(stderr, "%s (y/n) ", question);
 196
 197                 if ((answer = read_yes_no_answer()) >= 0)
 198                         return answer;
 199
 200                 fprintf(stderr, "Sorry, I did not understand your answer. "
 201                                 "Please type 'y' or 'n'\n");
 202         }
 203 }
 204
 205 int mingw_unlink(const char *pathname)
 206 {
 207         int ret, tries = 0;
 208         wchar_t wpathname[MAX_PATH];
 209         if (xutftowcs_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
 210                 return -1;
 211
 212         /* read-only files cannot be removed */
 213         _wchmod(wpathname, 0666);
 214         while ((ret = _wunlink(wpathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
 215                 if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
 216                         break;
 217                 /*
 218                  * We assume that some other process had the source or
 219                  * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
 220                  * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
 221                  * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
 222                  * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
 223                  */
 224                 Sleep(delay[tries]);
 225                 tries++;
 226         }
 227         while (ret == -1 && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
 228                ask_yes_no_if_possible("Unlink of file '%s' failed. "
 229                         "Should I try again?", pathname))
 230                ret = _wunlink(wpathname);
 231         return ret;
 232 }
 233
 234 static int is_dir_empty(const wchar_t *wpath)
 235 {
 236         WIN32_FIND_DATAW findbuf;
 237         HANDLE handle;
 238         wchar_t wbuf[MAX_PATH + 2];
 239         wcscpy(wbuf, wpath);
 240         wcscat(wbuf, L"\\*");
 241         handle = FindFirstFileW(wbuf, &findbuf);
 242         if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 243                 return GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
 244
 245         while (!wcscmp(findbuf.cFileName, L".") ||
 246                         !wcscmp(findbuf.cFileName, L".."))
 247                 if (!FindNextFileW(handle, &findbuf)) {
 248                         DWORD err = GetLastError();
 249                         FindClose(handle);
 250                         return err == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
 251                 }
 252         FindClose(handle);
 253         return 0;
 254 }
 255
 256 int mingw_rmdir(const char *pathname)
 257 {
 258         int ret, tries = 0;
 259         wchar_t wpathname[MAX_PATH];
 260         if (xutftowcs_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
 261                 return -1;
 262
 263         while ((ret = _wrmdir(wpathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
 264                 if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
 265                         errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 266                 if (errno != EACCES)
 267                         break;
 268                 if (!is_dir_empty(wpathname)) {
 269                         errno = ENOTEMPTY;
 270                         break;
 271                 }
 272                 /*
 273                  * We assume that some other process had the source or
 274                  * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
 275                  * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
 276                  * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
 277                  * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
 278                  */
 279                 Sleep(delay[tries]);
 280                 tries++;
 281         }
 282         while (ret == -1 && errno == EACCES && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
 283                ask_yes_no_if_possible("Deletion of directory '%s' failed. "
 284                         "Should I try again?", pathname))
 285                ret = _wrmdir(wpathname);
 286         return ret;
 287 }
 288
 289 static inline int needs_hiding(const char *path)
 290 {
 291         const char *basename;
 292
 293         if (hide_dotfiles == HIDE_DOTFILES_FALSE)
 294                 return 0;
 295
 296         /* We cannot use basename(), as it would remove trailing slashes */
 297         mingw_skip_dos_drive_prefix((char **)&path);
 298         if (!*path)
 299                 return 0;
 300
 301         for (basename = path; *path; path++)
 302                 if (is_dir_sep(*path)) {
 303                         do {
 304                                 path++;
 305                         } while (is_dir_sep(*path));
 306                         /* ignore trailing slashes */
 307                         if (*path)
 308                                 basename = path;
 309                 }
 310
 311         if (hide_dotfiles == HIDE_DOTFILES_TRUE)
 312                 return *basename == '.';
 313
 314         assert(hide_dotfiles == HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY);
 315         return !strncasecmp(".git", basename, 4) &&
 316                 (!basename[4] || is_dir_sep(basename[4]));
 317 }
 318
 319 static int set_hidden_flag(const wchar_t *path, int set)
 320 {
 321         DWORD original = GetFileAttributesW(path), modified;
 322         if (set)
 323                 modified = original | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
 324         else
 325                 modified = original & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
 326         if (original == modified || SetFileAttributesW(path, modified))
 327                 return 0;
 328         errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 329         return -1;
 330 }
 331
 332 int mingw_mkdir(const char *path, int mode)
 333 {
 334         int ret;
 335         wchar_t wpath[MAX_PATH];
 336         if (xutftowcs_path(wpath, path) < 0)
 337                 return -1;
 338         ret = _wmkdir(wpath);
 339         if (!ret && needs_hiding(path))
 340                 return set_hidden_flag(wpath, 1);
 341         return ret;
 342 }
 343
 344 int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...)
 345 {
 346         va_list args;
 347         unsigned mode;
 348         int fd;
 349         wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 350
 351         va_start(args, oflags);
 352         mode = va_arg(args, int);
 353         va_end(args);
 354
 355         if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 356                 filename = "nul";
 357
 358         if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
 359                 return -1;
 360         fd = _wopen(wfilename, oflags, mode);
 361
 362         if (fd < 0 && (oflags & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDONLY && errno == EACCES) {
 363                 DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wfilename);
 364                 if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
 365                         errno = EISDIR;
 366         }
 367         if ((oflags & O_CREAT) && needs_hiding(filename)) {
 368                 /*
 369                  * Internally, _wopen() uses the CreateFile() API which errors
 370                  * out with an ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED if CREATE_ALWAYS was
 371                  * specified and an already existing file's attributes do not
 372                  * match *exactly*. As there is no mode or flag we can set that
 373                  * would correspond to FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN, let's just try
 374                  * again *without* the O_CREAT flag (that corresponds to the
 375                  * CREATE_ALWAYS flag of CreateFile()).
 376                  */
 377                 if (fd < 0 && errno == EACCES)
 378                         fd = _wopen(wfilename, oflags & ~O_CREAT, mode);
 379                 if (fd >= 0 && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 1))
 380                         warning("could not mark '%s' as hidden.", filename);
 381         }
 382         return fd;
 383 }
 384
 385 static BOOL WINAPI ctrl_ignore(DWORD type)
 386 {
 387         return TRUE;
 388 }
 389
 390 #undef fgetc
 391 int mingw_fgetc(FILE *stream)
 392 {
 393         int ch;
 394         if (!isatty(_fileno(stream)))
 395                 return fgetc(stream);
 396
 397         SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_ignore, TRUE);
 398         while (1) {
 399                 ch = fgetc(stream);
 400                 if (ch != EOF || GetLastError() != ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED)
 401                         break;
 402
 403                 /* Ctrl+C was pressed, simulate SIGINT and retry */
 404                 mingw_raise(SIGINT);
 405         }
 406         SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_ignore, FALSE);
 407         return ch;
 408 }
 409
 410 #undef fopen
 411 FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype)
 412 {
 413         int hide = needs_hiding(filename);
 414         FILE *file;
 415         wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH], wotype[4];
 416         if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 417                 filename = "nul";
 418         if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0 ||
 419                 xutftowcs(wotype, otype, ARRAY_SIZE(wotype)) < 0)
 420                 return NULL;
 421         if (hide && !access(filename, F_OK) && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 0)) {
 422                 error("could not unhide %s", filename);
 423                 return NULL;
 424         }
 425         file = _wfopen(wfilename, wotype);
 426         if (file && hide && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 1))
 427                 warning("could not mark '%s' as hidden.", filename);
 428         return file;
 429 }
 430
 431 FILE *mingw_freopen (const char *filename, const char *otype, FILE *stream)
 432 {
 433         int hide = needs_hiding(filename);
 434         FILE *file;
 435         wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH], wotype[4];
 436         if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 437                 filename = "nul";
 438         if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0 ||
 439                 xutftowcs(wotype, otype, ARRAY_SIZE(wotype)) < 0)
 440                 return NULL;
 441         if (hide && !access(filename, F_OK) && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 0)) {
 442                 error("could not unhide %s", filename);
 443                 return NULL;
 444         }
 445         file = _wfreopen(wfilename, wotype, stream);
 446         if (file && hide && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 1))
 447                 warning("could not mark '%s' as hidden.", filename);
 448         return file;
 449 }
 450
 451 #undef fflush
 452 int mingw_fflush(FILE *stream)
 453 {
 454         int ret = fflush(stream);
 455
 456         /*
 457          * write() is used behind the scenes of stdio output functions.
 458          * Since git code does not check for errors after each stdio write
 459          * operation, it can happen that write() is called by a later
 460          * stdio function even if an earlier write() call failed. In the
 461          * case of a pipe whose readable end was closed, only the first
 462          * call to write() reports EPIPE on Windows. Subsequent write()
 463          * calls report EINVAL. It is impossible to notice whether this
 464          * fflush invocation triggered such a case, therefore, we have to
 465          * catch all EINVAL errors whole-sale.
 466          */
 467         if (ret && errno == EINVAL)
 468                 errno = EPIPE;
 469
 470         return ret;
 471 }
 472
 473 #undef write
 474 ssize_t mingw_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
 475 {
 476         ssize_t result = write(fd, buf, len);
 477
 478         if (result < 0 && errno == EINVAL && buf) {
 479                 /* check if fd is a pipe */
 480                 HANDLE h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fd);
 481                 if (GetFileType(h) == FILE_TYPE_PIPE)
 482                         errno = EPIPE;
 483                 else
 484                         errno = EINVAL;
 485         }
 486
 487         return result;
 488 }
 489
 490 int mingw_access(const char *filename, int mode)
 491 {
 492         wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 493         if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
 494                 return -1;
 495         /* X_OK is not supported by the MSVCRT version */
 496         return _waccess(wfilename, mode & ~X_OK);
 497 }
 498
 499 int mingw_chdir(const char *dirname)
 500 {
 501         wchar_t wdirname[MAX_PATH];
 502         if (xutftowcs_path(wdirname, dirname) < 0)
 503                 return -1;
 504         return _wchdir(wdirname);
 505 }
 506
 507 int mingw_chmod(const char *filename, int mode)
 508 {
 509         wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 510         if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
 511                 return -1;
 512         return _wchmod(wfilename, mode);
 513 }
 514
 515 /*
 516  * The unit of FILETIME is 100-nanoseconds since January 1, 1601, UTC.
 517  * Returns the 100-nanoseconds ("hekto nanoseconds") since the epoch.
 518  */
 519 static inline long long filetime_to_hnsec(const FILETIME *ft)
 520 {
 521         long long winTime = ((long long)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) + ft->dwLowDateTime;
 522         /* Windows to Unix Epoch conversion */
 523         return winTime - 116444736000000000LL;
 524 }
 525
 526 static inline time_t filetime_to_time_t(const FILETIME *ft)
 527 {
 528         return (time_t)(filetime_to_hnsec(ft) / 10000000);
 529 }
 530
 531 /**
 532  * Verifies that safe_create_leading_directories() would succeed.
 533  */
 534 static int has_valid_directory_prefix(wchar_t *wfilename)
 535 {
 536         int n = wcslen(wfilename);
 537
 538         while (n > 0) {
 539                 wchar_t c = wfilename[--n];
 540                 DWORD attributes;
 541
 542                 if (!is_dir_sep(c))
 543                         continue;
 544
 545                 wfilename[n] = L'\0';
 546                 attributes = GetFileAttributesW(wfilename);
 547                 wfilename[n] = c;
 548                 if (attributes == FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY ||
 549                                 attributes == FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE)
 550                         return 1;
 551                 if (attributes == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
 552                         switch (GetLastError()) {
 553                         case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND:
 554                                 continue;
 555                         case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND:
 556                                 /* This implies parent directory exists. */
 557                                 return 1;
 558                         }
 559                 return 0;
 560         }
 561         return 1;
 562 }
 563
 564 /* We keep the do_lstat code in a separate function to avoid recursion.
 565  * When a path ends with a slash, the stat will fail with ENOENT. In
 566  * this case, we strip the trailing slashes and stat again.
 567  *
 568  * If follow is true then act like stat() and report on the link
 569  * target. Otherwise report on the link itself.
 570  */
 571 static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 572 {
 573         WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
 574         wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 575         if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, file_name) < 0)
 576                 return -1;
 577
 578         if (GetFileAttributesExW(wfilename, GetFileExInfoStandard, &fdata)) {
 579                 buf->st_ino = 0;
 580                 buf->st_gid = 0;
 581                 buf->st_uid = 0;
 582                 buf->st_nlink = 1;
 583                 buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
 584                 buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
 585                         (((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
 586                 buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
 587                 buf->st_atime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
 588                 buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
 589                 buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
 590                 if (fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
 591                         WIN32_FIND_DATAW findbuf;
 592                         HANDLE handle = FindFirstFileW(wfilename, &findbuf);
 593                         if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 594                                 if ((findbuf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) &&
 595                                                 (findbuf.dwReserved0 == IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK)) {
 596                                         if (follow) {
 597                                                 char buffer[MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE];
 598                                                 buf->st_size = readlink(file_name, buffer, MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE);
 599                                         } else {
 600                                                 buf->st_mode = S_IFLNK;
 601                                         }
 602                                         buf->st_mode |= S_IREAD;
 603                                         if (!(findbuf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY))
 604                                                 buf->st_mode |= S_IWRITE;
 605                                 }
 606                                 FindClose(handle);
 607                         }
 608                 }
 609                 return 0;
 610         }
 611         switch (GetLastError()) {
 612         case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
 613         case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION:
 614         case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION:
 615         case ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED:
 616                 errno = EACCES;
 617                 break;
 618         case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW:
 619                 errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
 620                 break;
 621         case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
 622                 errno = ENOMEM;
 623                 break;
 624         case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND:
 625                 if (!has_valid_directory_prefix(wfilename)) {
 626                         errno = ENOTDIR;
 627                         break;
 628                 }
 629                 /* fallthru */
 630         default:
 631                 errno = ENOENT;
 632                 break;
 633         }
 634         return -1;
 635 }
 636
 637 /* We provide our own lstat/fstat functions, since the provided
 638  * lstat/fstat functions are so slow. These stat functions are
 639  * tailored for Git's usage (read: fast), and are not meant to be
 640  * complete. Note that Git stat()s are redirected to mingw_lstat()
 641  * too, since Windows doesn't really handle symlinks that well.
 642  */
 643 static int do_stat_internal(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 644 {
 645         int namelen;
 646         char alt_name[PATH_MAX];
 647
 648         if (!do_lstat(follow, file_name, buf))
 649                 return 0;
 650
 651         /* if file_name ended in a '/', Windows returned ENOENT;
 652          * try again without trailing slashes
 653          */
 654         if (errno != ENOENT)
 655                 return -1;
 656
 657         namelen = strlen(file_name);
 658         if (namelen && file_name[namelen-1] != '/')
 659                 return -1;
 660         while (namelen && file_name[namelen-1] == '/')
 661                 --namelen;
 662         if (!namelen || namelen >= PATH_MAX)
 663                 return -1;
 664
 665         memcpy(alt_name, file_name, namelen);
 666         alt_name[namelen] = 0;
 667         return do_lstat(follow, alt_name, buf);
 668 }
 669
 670 int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 671 {
 672         return do_stat_internal(0, file_name, buf);
 673 }
 674 int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 675 {
 676         return do_stat_internal(1, file_name, buf);
 677 }
 678
 679 int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf)
 680 {
 681         HANDLE fh = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
 682         BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fdata;
 683
 684         if (fh == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 685                 errno = EBADF;
 686                 return -1;
 687         }
 688         /* direct non-file handles to MS's fstat() */
 689         if (GetFileType(fh) != FILE_TYPE_DISK)
 690                 return _fstati64(fd, buf);
 691
 692         if (GetFileInformationByHandle(fh, &fdata)) {
 693                 buf->st_ino = 0;
 694                 buf->st_gid = 0;
 695                 buf->st_uid = 0;
 696                 buf->st_nlink = 1;
 697                 buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
 698                 buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
 699                         (((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
 700                 buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
 701                 buf->st_atime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime));
 702                 buf->st_mtime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime));
 703                 buf->st_ctime = filetime_to_time_t(&(fdata.ftCreationTime));
 704                 return 0;
 705         }
 706         errno = EBADF;
 707         return -1;
 708 }
 709
 710 static inline void time_t_to_filetime(time_t t, FILETIME *ft)
 711 {
 712         long long winTime = t * 10000000LL + 116444736000000000LL;
 713         ft->dwLowDateTime = winTime;
 714         ft->dwHighDateTime = winTime >> 32;
 715 }
 716
 717 int mingw_utime (const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times)
 718 {
 719         FILETIME mft, aft;
 720         int fh, rc;
 721         DWORD attrs;
 722         wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 723         if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, file_name) < 0)
 724                 return -1;
 725
 726         /* must have write permission */
 727         attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wfilename);
 728         if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
 729             (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
 730                 /* ignore errors here; open() will report them */
 731                 SetFileAttributesW(wfilename, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY);
 732         }
 733
 734         if ((fh = _wopen(wfilename, O_RDWR | O_BINARY)) < 0) {
 735                 rc = -1;
 736                 goto revert_attrs;
 737         }
 738
 739         if (times) {
 740                 time_t_to_filetime(times->modtime, &mft);
 741                 time_t_to_filetime(times->actime, &aft);
 742         } else {
 743                 GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&mft);
 744                 aft = mft;
 745         }
 746         if (!SetFileTime((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fh), NULL, &aft, &mft)) {
 747                 errno = EINVAL;
 748                 rc = -1;
 749         } else
 750                 rc = 0;
 751         close(fh);
 752
 753 revert_attrs:
 754         if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
 755             (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
 756                 /* ignore errors again */
 757                 SetFileAttributesW(wfilename, attrs);
 758         }
 759         return rc;
 760 }
 761
 762 unsigned int sleep (unsigned int seconds)
 763 {
 764         Sleep(seconds*1000);
 765         return 0;
 766 }
 767
 768 char *mingw_mktemp(char *template)
 769 {
 770         wchar_t wtemplate[MAX_PATH];
 771         if (xutftowcs_path(wtemplate, template) < 0)
 772                 return NULL;
 773         if (!_wmktemp(wtemplate))
 774                 return NULL;
 775         if (xwcstoutf(template, wtemplate, strlen(template) + 1) < 0)
 776                 return NULL;
 777         return template;
 778 }
 779
 780 int mkstemp(char *template)
 781 {
 782         char *filename = mktemp(template);
 783         if (filename == NULL)
 784                 return -1;
 785         return open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600);
 786 }
 787
 788 int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, void *tz)
 789 {
 790         FILETIME ft;
 791         long long hnsec;
 792
 793         GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);
 794         hnsec = filetime_to_hnsec(&ft);
 795         tv->tv_sec = hnsec / 10000000;
 796         tv->tv_usec = (hnsec % 10000000) / 10;
 797         return 0;
 798 }
 799
 800 int pipe(int filedes[2])
 801 {
 802         HANDLE h[2];
 803
 804         /* this creates non-inheritable handles */
 805         if (!CreatePipe(&h[0], &h[1], NULL, 8192)) {
 806                 errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 807                 return -1;
 808         }
 809         filedes[0] = _open_osfhandle(HCAST(int, h[0]), O_NOINHERIT);
 810         if (filedes[0] < 0) {
 811                 CloseHandle(h[0]);
 812                 CloseHandle(h[1]);
 813                 return -1;
 814         }
 815         filedes[1] = _open_osfhandle(HCAST(int, h[1]), O_NOINHERIT);
 816         if (filedes[1] < 0) {
 817                 close(filedes[0]);
 818                 CloseHandle(h[1]);
 819                 return -1;
 820         }
 821         return 0;
 822 }
 823
 824 struct tm *gmtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
 825 {
 826         /* gmtime() in MSVCRT.DLL is thread-safe, but not reentrant */
 827         memcpy(result, gmtime(timep), sizeof(struct tm));
 828         return result;
 829 }
 830
 831 struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
 832 {
 833         /* localtime() in MSVCRT.DLL is thread-safe, but not reentrant */
 834         memcpy(result, localtime(timep), sizeof(struct tm));
 835         return result;
 836 }
 837
 838 char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len)
 839 {
 840         wchar_t wpointer[MAX_PATH];
 841         if (!_wgetcwd(wpointer, ARRAY_SIZE(wpointer)))
 842                 return NULL;
 843         if (xwcstoutf(pointer, wpointer, len) < 0)
 844                 return NULL;
 845         convert_slashes(pointer);
 846         return pointer;
 847 }
 848
 849 /*
 850  * See http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/17w5ykft(vs.71).aspx
 851  * (Parsing C++ Command-Line Arguments)
 852  */
 853 static const char *quote_arg(const char *arg)
 854 {
 855         /* count chars to quote */
 856         int len = 0, n = 0;
 857         int force_quotes = 0;
 858         char *q, *d;
 859         const char *p = arg;
 860         if (!*p) force_quotes = 1;
 861         while (*p) {
 862                 if (isspace(*p) || *p == '*' || *p == '?' || *p == '{' || *p == '\'')
 863                         force_quotes = 1;
 864                 else if (*p == '"')
 865                         n++;
 866                 else if (*p == '\\') {
 867                         int count = 0;
 868                         while (*p == '\\') {
 869                                 count++;
 870                                 p++;
 871                                 len++;
 872                         }
 873                         if (*p == '"')
 874                                 n += count*2 + 1;
 875                         continue;
 876                 }
 877                 len++;
 878                 p++;
 879         }
 880         if (!force_quotes && n == 0)
 881                 return arg;
 882
 883         /* insert \ where necessary */
 884         d = q = xmalloc(st_add3(len, n, 3));
 885         *d++ = '"';
 886         while (*arg) {
 887                 if (*arg == '"')
 888                         *d++ = '\\';
 889                 else if (*arg == '\\') {
 890                         int count = 0;
 891                         while (*arg == '\\') {
 892                                 count++;
 893                                 *d++ = *arg++;
 894                         }
 895                         if (*arg == '"') {
 896                                 while (count-- > 0)
 897                                         *d++ = '\\';
 898                                 *d++ = '\\';
 899                         }
 900                 }
 901                 *d++ = *arg++;
 902         }
 903         *d++ = '"';
 904         *d++ = 0;
 905         return q;
 906 }
 907
 908 static const char *parse_interpreter(const char *cmd)
 909 {
 910         static char buf[100];
 911         char *p, *opt;
 912         int n, fd;
 913
 914         /* don't even try a .exe */
 915         n = strlen(cmd);
 916         if (n >= 4 && !strcasecmp(cmd+n-4, ".exe"))
 917                 return NULL;
 918
 919         fd = open(cmd, O_RDONLY);
 920         if (fd < 0)
 921                 return NULL;
 922         n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
 923         close(fd);
 924         if (n < 4)      /* at least '#!/x' and not error */
 925                 return NULL;
 926
 927         if (buf[0] != '#' || buf[1] != '!')
 928                 return NULL;
 929         buf[n] = '\0';
 930         p = buf + strcspn(buf, "\r\n");
 931         if (!*p)
 932                 return NULL;
 933
 934         *p = '\0';
 935         if (!(p = strrchr(buf+2, '/')) && !(p = strrchr(buf+2, '\\')))
 936                 return NULL;
 937         /* strip options */
 938         if ((opt = strchr(p+1, ' ')))
 939                 *opt = '\0';
 940         return p+1;
 941 }
 942
 943 /*
 944  * exe_only means that we only want to detect .exe files, but not scripts
 945  * (which do not have an extension)
 946  */
 947 static char *lookup_prog(const char *dir, int dirlen, const char *cmd,
 948                          int isexe, int exe_only)
 949 {
 950         char path[MAX_PATH];
 951         snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%.*s\\%s.exe", dirlen, dir, cmd);
 952
 953         if (!isexe && access(path, F_OK) == 0)
 954                 return xstrdup(path);
 955         path[strlen(path)-4] = '\0';
 956         if ((!exe_only || isexe) && access(path, F_OK) == 0)
 957                 if (!(GetFileAttributes(path) & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
 958                         return xstrdup(path);
 959         return NULL;
 960 }
 961
 962 /*
 963  * Determines the absolute path of cmd using the split path in path.
 964  * If cmd contains a slash or backslash, no lookup is performed.
 965  */
 966 static char *path_lookup(const char *cmd, int exe_only)
 967 {
 968         const char *path;
 969         char *prog = NULL;
 970         int len = strlen(cmd);
 971         int isexe = len >= 4 && !strcasecmp(cmd+len-4, ".exe");
 972
 973         if (strchr(cmd, '/') || strchr(cmd, '\\'))
 974                 return xstrdup(cmd);
 975
 976         path = mingw_getenv("PATH");
 977         if (!path)
 978                 return NULL;
 979
 980         while (!prog) {
 981                 const char *sep = strchrnul(path, ';');
 982                 int dirlen = sep - path;
 983                 if (dirlen)
 984                         prog = lookup_prog(path, dirlen, cmd, isexe, exe_only);
 985                 if (!*sep)
 986                         break;
 987                 path = sep + 1;
 988         }
 989
 990         return prog;
 991 }
 992
 993 static int do_putenv(char **env, const char *name, int size, int free_old);
 994
 995 /* used number of elements of environ array, including terminating NULL */
 996 static int environ_size = 0;
 997 /* allocated size of environ array, in bytes */
 998 static int environ_alloc = 0;
 999
1000 /*
1001  * Create environment block suitable for CreateProcess. Merges current
1002  * process environment and the supplied environment changes.
1003  */
1004 static wchar_t *make_environment_block(char **deltaenv)
1005 {
1006         wchar_t *wenvblk = NULL;
1007         char **tmpenv;
1008         int i = 0, size = environ_size, wenvsz = 0, wenvpos = 0;
1009
1010         while (deltaenv && deltaenv[i])
1011                 i++;
1012
1013         /* copy the environment, leaving space for changes */
1014         ALLOC_ARRAY(tmpenv, size + i);
1015         memcpy(tmpenv, environ, size * sizeof(char*));
1016
1017         /* merge supplied environment changes into the temporary environment */
1018         for (i = 0; deltaenv && deltaenv[i]; i++)
1019                 size = do_putenv(tmpenv, deltaenv[i], size, 0);
1020
1021         /* create environment block from temporary environment */
1022         for (i = 0; tmpenv[i]; i++) {
1023                 size = 2 * strlen(tmpenv[i]) + 2; /* +2 for final \0 */
1024                 ALLOC_GROW(wenvblk, (wenvpos + size) * sizeof(wchar_t), wenvsz);
1025                 wenvpos += xutftowcs(&wenvblk[wenvpos], tmpenv[i], size) + 1;
1026         }
1027         /* add final \0 terminator */
1028         wenvblk[wenvpos] = 0;
1029         free(tmpenv);
1030         return wenvblk;
1031 }
1032
1033 struct pinfo_t {
1034         struct pinfo_t *next;
1035         pid_t pid;
1036         HANDLE proc;
1037 };
1038 static struct pinfo_t *pinfo = NULL;
1039 CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs;
1040
1041 static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **deltaenv,
1042                               const char *dir,
1043                               int prepend_cmd, int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
1044 {
1045         STARTUPINFOW si;
1046         PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
1047         struct strbuf args;
1048         wchar_t wcmd[MAX_PATH], wdir[MAX_PATH], *wargs, *wenvblk = NULL;
1049         unsigned flags = CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT;
1050         BOOL ret;
1051
1052         /* Determine whether or not we are associated to a console */
1053         HANDLE cons = CreateFile("CONOUT$", GENERIC_WRITE,
1054                         FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
1055                         FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
1056         if (cons == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
1057                 /* There is no console associated with this process.
1058                  * Since the child is a console process, Windows
1059                  * would normally create a console window. But
1060                  * since we'll be redirecting std streams, we do
1061                  * not need the console.
1062                  * It is necessary to use DETACHED_PROCESS
1063                  * instead of CREATE_NO_WINDOW to make ssh
1064                  * recognize that it has no console.
1065                  */
1066                 flags |= DETACHED_PROCESS;
1067         } else {
1068                 /* There is already a console. If we specified
1069                  * DETACHED_PROCESS here, too, Windows would
1070                  * disassociate the child from the console.
1071                  * The same is true for CREATE_NO_WINDOW.
1072                  * Go figure!
1073                  */
1074                 CloseHandle(cons);
1075         }
1076         memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
1077         si.cb = sizeof(si);
1078         si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
1079         si.hStdInput = winansi_get_osfhandle(fhin);
1080         si.hStdOutput = winansi_get_osfhandle(fhout);
1081         si.hStdError = winansi_get_osfhandle(fherr);
1082
1083         if (xutftowcs_path(wcmd, cmd) < 0)
1084                 return -1;
1085         if (dir && xutftowcs_path(wdir, dir) < 0)
1086                 return -1;
1087
1088         /* concatenate argv, quoting args as we go */
1089         strbuf_init(&args, 0);
1090         if (prepend_cmd) {
1091                 char *quoted = (char *)quote_arg(cmd);
1092                 strbuf_addstr(&args, quoted);
1093                 if (quoted != cmd)
1094                         free(quoted);
1095         }
1096         for (; *argv; argv++) {
1097                 char *quoted = (char *)quote_arg(*argv);
1098                 if (*args.buf)
1099                         strbuf_addch(&args, ' ');
1100                 strbuf_addstr(&args, quoted);
1101                 if (quoted != *argv)
1102                         free(quoted);
1103         }
1104
1105         ALLOC_ARRAY(wargs, st_add(st_mult(2, args.len), 1));
1106         xutftowcs(wargs, args.buf, 2 * args.len + 1);
1107         strbuf_release(&args);
1108
1109         wenvblk = make_environment_block(deltaenv);
1110
1111         memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
1112         ret = CreateProcessW(wcmd, wargs, NULL, NULL, TRUE, flags,
1113                 wenvblk, dir ? wdir : NULL, &si, &pi);
1114
1115         free(wenvblk);
1116         free(wargs);
1117
1118         if (!ret) {
1119                 errno = ENOENT;
1120                 return -1;
1121         }
1122         CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
1123
1124         /*
1125          * The process ID is the human-readable identifier of the process
1126          * that we want to present in log and error messages. The handle
1127          * is not useful for this purpose. But we cannot close it, either,
1128          * because it is not possible to turn a process ID into a process
1129          * handle after the process terminated.
1130          * Keep the handle in a list for waitpid.
1131          */
1132         EnterCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
1133         {
1134                 struct pinfo_t *info = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pinfo_t));
1135                 info->pid = pi.dwProcessId;
1136                 info->proc = pi.hProcess;
1137                 info->next = pinfo;
1138                 pinfo = info;
1139         }
1140         LeaveCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
1141
1142         return (pid_t)pi.dwProcessId;
1143 }
1144
1145 static pid_t mingw_spawnv(const char *cmd, const char **argv, int prepend_cmd)
1146 {
1147         return mingw_spawnve_fd(cmd, argv, NULL, NULL, prepend_cmd, 0, 1, 2);
1148 }
1149
1150 pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **deltaenv,
1151                      const char *dir,
1152                      int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
1153 {
1154         pid_t pid;
1155         char *prog = path_lookup(cmd, 0);
1156
1157         if (!prog) {
1158                 errno = ENOENT;
1159                 pid = -1;
1160         }
1161         else {
1162                 const char *interpr = parse_interpreter(prog);
1163
1164                 if (interpr) {
1165                         const char *argv0 = argv[0];
1166                         char *iprog = path_lookup(interpr, 1);
1167                         argv[0] = prog;
1168                         if (!iprog) {
1169                                 errno = ENOENT;
1170                                 pid = -1;
1171                         }
1172                         else {
1173                                 pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(iprog, argv, deltaenv, dir, 1,
1174                                                        fhin, fhout, fherr);
1175                                 free(iprog);
1176                         }
1177                         argv[0] = argv0;
1178                 }
1179                 else
1180                         pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(prog, argv, deltaenv, dir, 0,
1181                                                fhin, fhout, fherr);
1182                 free(prog);
1183         }
1184         return pid;
1185 }
1186
1187 static int try_shell_exec(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
1188 {
1189         const char *interpr = parse_interpreter(cmd);
1190         char *prog;
1191         int pid = 0;
1192
1193         if (!interpr)
1194                 return 0;
1195         prog = path_lookup(interpr, 1);
1196         if (prog) {
1197                 int argc = 0;
1198                 const char **argv2;
1199                 while (argv[argc]) argc++;
1200                 ALLOC_ARRAY(argv2, argc + 1);
1201                 argv2[0] = (char *)cmd; /* full path to the script file */
1202                 memcpy(&argv2[1], &argv[1], sizeof(*argv) * argc);
1203                 pid = mingw_spawnv(prog, argv2, 1);
1204                 if (pid >= 0) {
1205                         int status;
1206                         if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
1207                                 status = 255;
1208                         exit(status);
1209                 }
1210                 pid = 1;        /* indicate that we tried but failed */
1211                 free(prog);
1212                 free(argv2);
1213         }
1214         return pid;
1215 }
1216
1217 int mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
1218 {
1219         /* check if git_command is a shell script */
1220         if (!try_shell_exec(cmd, argv)) {
1221                 int pid, status;
1222
1223                 pid = mingw_spawnv(cmd, (const char **)argv, 0);
1224                 if (pid < 0)
1225                         return -1;
1226                 if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
1227                         status = 255;
1228                 exit(status);
1229         }
1230         return -1;
1231 }
1232
1233 int mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
1234 {
1235         char *prog = path_lookup(cmd, 0);
1236
1237         if (prog) {
1238                 mingw_execv(prog, argv);
1239                 free(prog);
1240         } else
1241                 errno = ENOENT;
1242
1243         return -1;
1244 }
1245
1246 int mingw_kill(pid_t pid, int sig)
1247 {
1248         if (pid > 0 && sig == SIGTERM) {
1249                 HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_TERMINATE, FALSE, pid);
1250
1251                 if (TerminateProcess(h, -1)) {
1252                         CloseHandle(h);
1253                         return 0;
1254                 }
1255
1256                 errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
1257                 CloseHandle(h);
1258                 return -1;
1259         } else if (pid > 0 && sig == 0) {
1260                 HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, FALSE, pid);
1261                 if (h) {
1262                         CloseHandle(h);
1263                         return 0;
1264                 }
1265         }
1266
1267         errno = EINVAL;
1268         return -1;
1269 }
1270
1271 /*
1272  * Compare environment entries by key (i.e. stopping at '=' or '\0').
1273  */
1274 static int compareenv(const void *v1, const void *v2)
1275 {
1276         const char *e1 = *(const char**)v1;
1277         const char *e2 = *(const char**)v2;
1278
1279         for (;;) {
1280                 int c1 = *e1++;
1281                 int c2 = *e2++;
1282                 c1 = (c1 == '=') ? 0 : tolower(c1);
1283                 c2 = (c2 == '=') ? 0 : tolower(c2);
1284                 if (c1 > c2)
1285                         return 1;
1286                 if (c1 < c2)
1287                         return -1;
1288                 if (c1 == 0)
1289                         return 0;
1290         }
1291 }
1292
1293 static int bsearchenv(char **env, const char *name, size_t size)
1294 {
1295         unsigned low = 0, high = size;
1296         while (low < high) {
1297                 unsigned mid = low + ((high - low) >> 1);
1298                 int cmp = compareenv(&env[mid], &name);
1299                 if (cmp < 0)
1300                         low = mid + 1;
1301                 else if (cmp > 0)
1302                         high = mid;
1303                 else
1304                         return mid;
1305         }
1306         return ~low; /* not found, return 1's complement of insert position */
1307 }
1308
1309 /*
1310  * If name contains '=', then sets the variable, otherwise it unsets it
1311  * Size includes the terminating NULL. Env must have room for size + 1 entries
1312  * (in case of insert). Returns the new size. Optionally frees removed entries.
1313  */
1314 static int do_putenv(char **env, const char *name, int size, int free_old)
1315 {
1316         int i = bsearchenv(env, name, size - 1);
1317
1318         /* optionally free removed / replaced entry */
1319         if (i >= 0 && free_old)
1320                 free(env[i]);
1321
1322         if (strchr(name, '=')) {
1323                 /* if new value ('key=value') is specified, insert or replace entry */
1324                 if (i < 0) {
1325                         i = ~i;
1326                         memmove(&env[i + 1], &env[i], (size - i) * sizeof(char*));
1327                         size++;
1328                 }
1329                 env[i] = (char*) name;
1330         } else if (i >= 0) {
1331                 /* otherwise ('key') remove existing entry */
1332                 size--;
1333                 memmove(&env[i], &env[i + 1], (size - i) * sizeof(char*));
1334         }
1335         return size;
1336 }
1337
1338 char *mingw_getenv(const char *name)
1339 {
1340         char *value;
1341         int pos = bsearchenv(environ, name, environ_size - 1);
1342         if (pos < 0)
1343                 return NULL;
1344         value = strchr(environ[pos], '=');
1345         return value ? &value[1] : NULL;
1346 }
1347
1348 int mingw_putenv(const char *namevalue)
1349 {
1350         ALLOC_GROW(environ, (environ_size + 1) * sizeof(char*), environ_alloc);
1351         environ_size = do_putenv(environ, namevalue, environ_size, 1);
1352         return 0;
1353 }
1354
1355 /*
1356  * Note, this isn't a complete replacement for getaddrinfo. It assumes
1357  * that service contains a numerical port, or that it is null. It
1358  * does a simple search using gethostbyname, and returns one IPv4 host
1359  * if one was found.
1360  */
1361 static int WSAAPI getaddrinfo_stub(const char *node, const char *service,
1362                                    const struct addrinfo *hints,
1363                                    struct addrinfo **res)
1364 {
1365         struct hostent *h = NULL;
1366         struct addrinfo *ai;
1367         struct sockaddr_in *sin;
1368
1369         if (node) {
1370                 h = gethostbyname(node);
1371                 if (!h)
1372                         return WSAGetLastError();
1373         }
1374
1375         ai = xmalloc(sizeof(struct addrinfo));
1376         *res = ai;
1377         ai->ai_flags = 0;
1378         ai->ai_family = AF_INET;
1379         ai->ai_socktype = hints ? hints->ai_socktype : 0;
1380         switch (ai->ai_socktype) {
1381         case SOCK_STREAM:
1382                 ai->ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
1383                 break;
1384         case SOCK_DGRAM:
1385                 ai->ai_protocol = IPPROTO_UDP;
1386                 break;
1387         default:
1388                 ai->ai_protocol = 0;
1389                 break;
1390         }
1391         ai->ai_addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
1392         if (hints && (hints->ai_flags & AI_CANONNAME))
1393                 ai->ai_canonname = h ? xstrdup(h->h_name) : NULL;
1394         else
1395                 ai->ai_canonname = NULL;
1396
1397         sin = xcalloc(1, ai->ai_addrlen);
1398         sin->sin_family = AF_INET;
1399         /* Note: getaddrinfo is supposed to allow service to be a string,
1400          * which should be looked up using getservbyname. This is
1401          * currently not implemented */
1402         if (service)
1403                 sin->sin_port = htons(atoi(service));
1404         if (h)
1405                 sin->sin_addr = *(struct in_addr *)h->h_addr;
1406         else if (hints && (hints->ai_flags & AI_PASSIVE))
1407                 sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
1408         else
1409                 sin->sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_LOOPBACK;
1410         ai->ai_addr = (struct sockaddr *)sin;
1411         ai->ai_next = NULL;
1412         return 0;
1413 }
1414
1415 static void WSAAPI freeaddrinfo_stub(struct addrinfo *res)
1416 {
1417         free(res->ai_canonname);
1418         free(res->ai_addr);
1419         free(res);
1420 }
1421
1422 static int WSAAPI getnameinfo_stub(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
1423                                    char *host, DWORD hostlen,
1424                                    char *serv, DWORD servlen, int flags)
1425 {
1426         const struct sockaddr_in *sin = (const struct sockaddr_in *)sa;
1427         if (sa->sa_family != AF_INET)
1428                 return EAI_FAMILY;
1429         if (!host && !serv)
1430                 return EAI_NONAME;
1431
1432         if (host && hostlen > 0) {
1433                 struct hostent *ent = NULL;
1434                 if (!(flags & NI_NUMERICHOST))
1435                         ent = gethostbyaddr((const char *)&sin->sin_addr,
1436                                             sizeof(sin->sin_addr), AF_INET);
1437
1438                 if (ent)
1439                         snprintf(host, hostlen, "%s", ent->h_name);
1440                 else if (flags & NI_NAMEREQD)
1441                         return EAI_NONAME;
1442                 else
1443                         snprintf(host, hostlen, "%s", inet_ntoa(sin->sin_addr));
1444         }
1445
1446         if (serv && servlen > 0) {
1447                 struct servent *ent = NULL;
1448                 if (!(flags & NI_NUMERICSERV))
1449                         ent = getservbyport(sin->sin_port,
1450                                             flags & NI_DGRAM ? "udp" : "tcp");
1451
1452                 if (ent)
1453                         snprintf(serv, servlen, "%s", ent->s_name);
1454                 else
1455                         snprintf(serv, servlen, "%d", ntohs(sin->sin_port));
1456         }
1457
1458         return 0;
1459 }
1460
1461 static HMODULE ipv6_dll = NULL;
1462 static void (WSAAPI *ipv6_freeaddrinfo)(struct addrinfo *res);
1463 static int (WSAAPI *ipv6_getaddrinfo)(const char *node, const char *service,
1464                                       const struct addrinfo *hints,
1465                                       struct addrinfo **res);
1466 static int (WSAAPI *ipv6_getnameinfo)(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
1467                                       char *host, DWORD hostlen,
1468                                       char *serv, DWORD servlen, int flags);
1469 /*
1470  * gai_strerror is an inline function in the ws2tcpip.h header, so we
1471  * don't need to try to load that one dynamically.
1472  */
1473
1474 static void socket_cleanup(void)
1475 {
1476         WSACleanup();
1477         if (ipv6_dll)
1478                 FreeLibrary(ipv6_dll);
1479         ipv6_dll = NULL;
1480         ipv6_freeaddrinfo = freeaddrinfo_stub;
1481         ipv6_getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_stub;
1482         ipv6_getnameinfo = getnameinfo_stub;
1483 }
1484
1485 static void ensure_socket_initialization(void)
1486 {
1487         WSADATA wsa;
1488         static int initialized = 0;
1489         const char *libraries[] = { "ws2_32.dll", "wship6.dll", NULL };
1490         const char **name;
1491
1492         if (initialized)
1493                 return;
1494
1495         if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsa))
1496                 die("unable to initialize winsock subsystem, error %d",
1497                         WSAGetLastError());
1498
1499         for (name = libraries; *name; name++) {
1500                 ipv6_dll = LoadLibrary(*name);
1501                 if (!ipv6_dll)
1502                         continue;
1503
1504                 ipv6_freeaddrinfo = (void (WSAAPI *)(struct addrinfo *))
1505                         GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "freeaddrinfo");
1506                 ipv6_getaddrinfo = (int (WSAAPI *)(const char *, const char *,
1507                                                    const struct addrinfo *,
1508                                                    struct addrinfo **))
1509                         GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "getaddrinfo");
1510                 ipv6_getnameinfo = (int (WSAAPI *)(const struct sockaddr *,
1511                                                    socklen_t, char *, DWORD,
1512                                                    char *, DWORD, int))
1513                         GetProcAddress(ipv6_dll, "getnameinfo");
1514                 if (!ipv6_freeaddrinfo || !ipv6_getaddrinfo || !ipv6_getnameinfo) {
1515                         FreeLibrary(ipv6_dll);
1516                         ipv6_dll = NULL;
1517                 } else
1518                         break;
1519         }
1520         if (!ipv6_freeaddrinfo || !ipv6_getaddrinfo || !ipv6_getnameinfo) {
1521                 ipv6_freeaddrinfo = freeaddrinfo_stub;
1522                 ipv6_getaddrinfo = getaddrinfo_stub;
1523                 ipv6_getnameinfo = getnameinfo_stub;
1524         }
1525
1526         atexit(socket_cleanup);
1527         initialized = 1;
1528 }
1529
1530 #undef gethostname
1531 int mingw_gethostname(char *name, int namelen)
1532 {
1533     ensure_socket_initialization();
1534     return gethostname(name, namelen);
1535 }
1536
1537 #undef gethostbyname
1538 struct hostent *mingw_gethostbyname(const char *host)
1539 {
1540         ensure_socket_initialization();
1541         return gethostbyname(host);
1542 }
1543
1544 void mingw_freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *res)
1545 {
1546         ipv6_freeaddrinfo(res);
1547 }
1548
1549 int mingw_getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service,
1550                       const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res)
1551 {
1552         ensure_socket_initialization();
1553         return ipv6_getaddrinfo(node, service, hints, res);
1554 }
1555
1556 int mingw_getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen,
1557                       char *host, DWORD hostlen, char *serv, DWORD servlen,
1558                       int flags)
1559 {
1560         ensure_socket_initialization();
1561         return ipv6_getnameinfo(sa, salen, host, hostlen, serv, servlen, flags);
1562 }
1563
1564 int mingw_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol)
1565 {
1566         int sockfd;
1567         SOCKET s;
1568
1569         ensure_socket_initialization();
1570         s = WSASocket(domain, type, protocol, NULL, 0, 0);
1571         if (s == INVALID_SOCKET) {
1572                 /*
1573                  * WSAGetLastError() values are regular BSD error codes
1574                  * biased by WSABASEERR.
1575                  * However, strerror() does not know about networking
1576                  * specific errors, which are values beginning at 38 or so.
1577                  * Therefore, we choose to leave the biased error code
1578                  * in errno so that _if_ someone looks up the code somewhere,
1579                  * then it is at least the number that are usually listed.
1580                  */
1581                 errno = WSAGetLastError();
1582                 return -1;
1583         }
1584         /* convert into a file descriptor */
1585         if ((sockfd = _open_osfhandle(s, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
1586                 closesocket(s);
1587                 return error("unable to make a socket file descriptor: %s",
1588                         strerror(errno));
1589         }
1590         return sockfd;
1591 }
1592
1593 #undef connect
1594 int mingw_connect(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz)
1595 {
1596         SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1597         return connect(s, sa, sz);
1598 }
1599
1600 #undef bind
1601 int mingw_bind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz)
1602 {
1603         SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1604         return bind(s, sa, sz);
1605 }
1606
1607 #undef setsockopt
1608 int mingw_setsockopt(int sockfd, int lvl, int optname, void *optval, int optlen)
1609 {
1610         SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1611         return setsockopt(s, lvl, optname, (const char*)optval, optlen);
1612 }
1613
1614 #undef shutdown
1615 int mingw_shutdown(int sockfd, int how)
1616 {
1617         SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1618         return shutdown(s, how);
1619 }
1620
1621 #undef listen
1622 int mingw_listen(int sockfd, int backlog)
1623 {
1624         SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1625         return listen(s, backlog);
1626 }
1627
1628 #undef accept
1629 int mingw_accept(int sockfd1, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *sz)
1630 {
1631         int sockfd2;
1632
1633         SOCKET s1 = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd1);
1634         SOCKET s2 = accept(s1, sa, sz);
1635
1636         /* convert into a file descriptor */
1637         if ((sockfd2 = _open_osfhandle(s2, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
1638                 int err = errno;
1639                 closesocket(s2);
1640                 return error("unable to make a socket file descriptor: %s",
1641                         strerror(err));
1642         }
1643         return sockfd2;
1644 }
1645
1646 #undef rename
1647 int mingw_rename(const char *pold, const char *pnew)
1648 {
1649         DWORD attrs, gle;
1650         int tries = 0;
1651         wchar_t wpold[MAX_PATH], wpnew[MAX_PATH];
1652         if (xutftowcs_path(wpold, pold) < 0 || xutftowcs_path(wpnew, pnew) < 0)
1653                 return -1;
1654
1655         /*
1656          * Try native rename() first to get errno right.
1657          * It is based on MoveFile(), which cannot overwrite existing files.
1658          */
1659         if (!_wrename(wpold, wpnew))
1660                 return 0;
1661         if (errno != EEXIST)
1662                 return -1;
1663 repeat:
1664         if (MoveFileExW(wpold, wpnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
1665                 return 0;
1666         /* TODO: translate more errors */
1667         gle = GetLastError();
1668         if (gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED &&
1669             (attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wpnew)) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
1670                 if (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
1671                         DWORD attrsold = GetFileAttributesW(wpold);
1672                         if (attrsold == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES ||
1673                             !(attrsold & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
1674                                 errno = EISDIR;
1675                         else if (!_wrmdir(wpnew))
1676                                 goto repeat;
1677                         return -1;
1678                 }
1679                 if ((attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY) &&
1680                     SetFileAttributesW(wpnew, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
1681                         if (MoveFileExW(wpold, wpnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
1682                                 return 0;
1683                         gle = GetLastError();
1684                         /* revert file attributes on failure */
1685                         SetFileAttributesW(wpnew, attrs);
1686                 }
1687         }
1688         if (tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay) && gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
1689                 /*
1690                  * We assume that some other process had the source or
1691                  * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
1692                  * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
1693                  * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
1694                  * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
1695                  */
1696                 Sleep(delay[tries]);
1697                 tries++;
1698                 goto repeat;
1699         }
1700         if (gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED &&
1701                ask_yes_no_if_possible("Rename from '%s' to '%s' failed. "
1702                        "Should I try again?", pold, pnew))
1703                 goto repeat;
1704
1705         errno = EACCES;
1706         return -1;
1707 }
1708
1709 /*
1710  * Note that this doesn't return the actual pagesize, but
1711  * the allocation granularity. If future Windows specific git code
1712  * needs the real getpagesize function, we need to find another solution.
1713  */
1714 int mingw_getpagesize(void)
1715 {
1716         SYSTEM_INFO si;
1717         GetSystemInfo(&si);
1718         return si.dwAllocationGranularity;
1719 }
1720
1721 struct passwd *getpwuid(int uid)
1722 {
1723         static char user_name[100];
1724         static struct passwd p;
1725
1726         DWORD len = sizeof(user_name);
1727         if (!GetUserName(user_name, &len))
1728                 return NULL;
1729         p.pw_name = user_name;
1730         p.pw_gecos = "unknown";
1731         p.pw_dir = NULL;
1732         return &p;
1733 }
1734
1735 static HANDLE timer_event;
1736 static HANDLE timer_thread;
1737 static int timer_interval;
1738 static int one_shot;
1739 static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL, sigint_fn = SIG_DFL;
1740
1741 /* The timer works like this:
1742  * The thread, ticktack(), is a trivial routine that most of the time
1743  * only waits to receive the signal to terminate. The main thread tells
1744  * the thread to terminate by setting the timer_event to the signalled
1745  * state.
1746  * But ticktack() interrupts the wait state after the timer's interval
1747  * length to call the signal handler.
1748  */
1749
1750 static unsigned __stdcall ticktack(void *dummy)
1751 {
1752         while (WaitForSingleObject(timer_event, timer_interval) == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
1753                 mingw_raise(SIGALRM);
1754                 if (one_shot)
1755                         break;
1756         }
1757         return 0;
1758 }
1759
1760 static int start_timer_thread(void)
1761 {
1762         timer_event = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
1763         if (timer_event) {
1764                 timer_thread = (HANDLE) _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, ticktack, NULL, 0, NULL);
1765                 if (!timer_thread )
1766                         return errno = ENOMEM,
1767                                 error("cannot start timer thread");
1768         } else
1769                 return errno = ENOMEM,
1770                         error("cannot allocate resources for timer");
1771         return 0;
1772 }
1773
1774 static void stop_timer_thread(void)
1775 {
1776         if (timer_event)
1777                 SetEvent(timer_event);  /* tell thread to terminate */
1778         if (timer_thread) {
1779                 int rc = WaitForSingleObject(timer_thread, 1000);
1780                 if (rc == WAIT_TIMEOUT)
1781                         error("timer thread did not terminate timely");
1782                 else if (rc != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
1783                         error("waiting for timer thread failed: %lu",
1784                               GetLastError());
1785                 CloseHandle(timer_thread);
1786         }
1787         if (timer_event)
1788                 CloseHandle(timer_event);
1789         timer_event = NULL;
1790         timer_thread = NULL;
1791 }
1792
1793 static inline int is_timeval_eq(const struct timeval *i1, const struct timeval *i2)
1794 {
1795         return i1->tv_sec == i2->tv_sec && i1->tv_usec == i2->tv_usec;
1796 }
1797
1798 int setitimer(int type, struct itimerval *in, struct itimerval *out)
1799 {
1800         static const struct timeval zero;
1801         static int atexit_done;
1802
1803         if (out != NULL)
1804                 return errno = EINVAL,
1805                         error("setitimer param 3 != NULL not implemented");
1806         if (!is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero) &&
1807             !is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &in->it_value))
1808                 return errno = EINVAL,
1809                         error("setitimer: it_interval must be zero or eq it_value");
1810
1811         if (timer_thread)
1812                 stop_timer_thread();
1813
1814         if (is_timeval_eq(&in->it_value, &zero) &&
1815             is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero))
1816                 return 0;
1817
1818         timer_interval = in->it_value.tv_sec * 1000 + in->it_value.tv_usec / 1000;
1819         one_shot = is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero);
1820         if (!atexit_done) {
1821                 atexit(stop_timer_thread);
1822                 atexit_done = 1;
1823         }
1824         return start_timer_thread();
1825 }
1826
1827 int sigaction(int sig, struct sigaction *in, struct sigaction *out)
1828 {
1829         if (sig != SIGALRM)
1830                 return errno = EINVAL,
1831                         error("sigaction only implemented for SIGALRM");
1832         if (out != NULL)
1833                 return errno = EINVAL,
1834                         error("sigaction: param 3 != NULL not implemented");
1835
1836         timer_fn = in->sa_handler;
1837         return 0;
1838 }
1839
1840 #undef signal
1841 sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler)
1842 {
1843         sig_handler_t old;
1844
1845         switch (sig) {
1846         case SIGALRM:
1847                 old = timer_fn;
1848                 timer_fn = handler;
1849                 break;
1850
1851         case SIGINT:
1852                 old = sigint_fn;
1853                 sigint_fn = handler;
1854                 break;
1855
1856         default:
1857                 return signal(sig, handler);
1858         }
1859
1860         return old;
1861 }
1862
1863 #undef raise
1864 int mingw_raise(int sig)
1865 {
1866         switch (sig) {
1867         case SIGALRM:
1868                 if (timer_fn == SIG_DFL) {
1869                         if (isatty(STDERR_FILENO))
1870                                 fputs("Alarm clock\n", stderr);
1871                         exit(128 + SIGALRM);
1872                 } else if (timer_fn != SIG_IGN)
1873                         timer_fn(SIGALRM);
1874                 return 0;
1875
1876         case SIGINT:
1877                 if (sigint_fn == SIG_DFL)
1878                         exit(128 + SIGINT);
1879                 else if (sigint_fn != SIG_IGN)
1880                         sigint_fn(SIGINT);
1881                 return 0;
1882
1883         default:
1884                 return raise(sig);
1885         }
1886 }
1887
1888 int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
1889 {
1890         typedef BOOL (WINAPI *T)(LPCWSTR, LPCWSTR, LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES);
1891         static T create_hard_link = NULL;
1892         wchar_t woldpath[MAX_PATH], wnewpath[MAX_PATH];
1893         if (xutftowcs_path(woldpath, oldpath) < 0 ||
1894                 xutftowcs_path(wnewpath, newpath) < 0)
1895                 return -1;
1896
1897         if (!create_hard_link) {
1898                 create_hard_link = (T) GetProcAddress(
1899                         GetModuleHandle("kernel32.dll"), "CreateHardLinkW");
1900                 if (!create_hard_link)
1901                         create_hard_link = (T)-1;
1902         }
1903         if (create_hard_link == (T)-1) {
1904                 errno = ENOSYS;
1905                 return -1;
1906         }
1907         if (!create_hard_link(wnewpath, woldpath, NULL)) {
1908                 errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
1909                 return -1;
1910         }
1911         return 0;
1912 }
1913
1914 pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int options)
1915 {
1916         HANDLE h = OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE | PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION,
1917             FALSE, pid);
1918         if (!h) {
1919                 errno = ECHILD;
1920                 return -1;
1921         }
1922
1923         if (pid > 0 && options & WNOHANG) {
1924                 if (WAIT_OBJECT_0 != WaitForSingleObject(h, 0)) {
1925                         CloseHandle(h);
1926                         return 0;
1927                 }
1928                 options &= ~WNOHANG;
1929         }
1930
1931         if (options == 0) {
1932                 struct pinfo_t **ppinfo;
1933                 if (WaitForSingleObject(h, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
1934                         CloseHandle(h);
1935                         return 0;
1936                 }
1937
1938                 if (status)
1939                         GetExitCodeProcess(h, (LPDWORD)status);
1940
1941                 EnterCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
1942
1943                 ppinfo = &pinfo;
1944                 while (*ppinfo) {
1945                         struct pinfo_t *info = *ppinfo;
1946                         if (info->pid == pid) {
1947                                 CloseHandle(info->proc);
1948                                 *ppinfo = info->next;
1949                                 free(info);
1950                                 break;
1951                         }
1952                         ppinfo = &info->next;
1953                 }
1954
1955                 LeaveCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
1956
1957                 CloseHandle(h);
1958                 return pid;
1959         }
1960         CloseHandle(h);
1961
1962         errno = EINVAL;
1963         return -1;
1964 }
1965
1966 int mingw_skip_dos_drive_prefix(char **path)
1967 {
1968         int ret = has_dos_drive_prefix(*path);
1969         *path += ret;
1970         return ret;
1971 }
1972
1973 int mingw_offset_1st_component(const char *path)
1974 {
1975         char *pos = (char *)path;
1976
1977         /* unc paths */
1978         if (!skip_dos_drive_prefix(&pos) &&
1979                         is_dir_sep(pos[0]) && is_dir_sep(pos[1])) {
1980                 /* skip server name */
1981                 pos = strpbrk(pos + 2, "\\/");
1982                 if (!pos)
1983                         return 0; /* Error: malformed unc path */
1984
1985                 do {
1986                         pos++;
1987                 } while (*pos && !is_dir_sep(*pos));
1988         }
1989
1990         return pos + is_dir_sep(*pos) - path;
1991 }
1992
1993 int xutftowcsn(wchar_t *wcs, const char *utfs, size_t wcslen, int utflen)
1994 {
1995         int upos = 0, wpos = 0;
1996         const unsigned char *utf = (const unsigned char*) utfs;
1997         if (!utf || !wcs || wcslen < 1) {
1998                 errno = EINVAL;
1999                 return -1;
2000         }
2001         /* reserve space for \0 */
2002         wcslen--;
2003         if (utflen < 0)
2004                 utflen = INT_MAX;
2005
2006         while (upos < utflen) {
2007                 int c = utf[upos++] & 0xff;
2008                 if (utflen == INT_MAX && c == 0)
2009                         break;
2010
2011                 if (wpos >= wcslen) {
2012                         wcs[wpos] = 0;
2013                         errno = ERANGE;
2014                         return -1;
2015                 }
2016
2017                 if (c < 0x80) {
2018                         /* ASCII */
2019                         wcs[wpos++] = c;
2020                 } else if (c >= 0xc2 && c < 0xe0 && upos < utflen &&
2021                                 (utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
2022                         /* 2-byte utf-8 */
2023                         c = ((c & 0x1f) << 6);
2024                         c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
2025                         wcs[wpos++] = c;
2026                 } else if (c >= 0xe0 && c < 0xf0 && upos + 1 < utflen &&
2027                                 !(c == 0xe0 && utf[upos] < 0xa0) && /* over-long encoding */
2028                                 (utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
2029                                 (utf[upos + 1] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
2030                         /* 3-byte utf-8 */
2031                         c = ((c & 0x0f) << 12);
2032                         c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 6);
2033                         c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
2034                         wcs[wpos++] = c;
2035                 } else if (c >= 0xf0 && c < 0xf5 && upos + 2 < utflen &&
2036                                 wpos + 1 < wcslen &&
2037                                 !(c == 0xf0 && utf[upos] < 0x90) && /* over-long encoding */
2038                                 !(c == 0xf4 && utf[upos] >= 0x90) && /* > \u10ffff */
2039                                 (utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
2040                                 (utf[upos + 1] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
2041                                 (utf[upos + 2] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
2042                         /* 4-byte utf-8: convert to \ud8xx \udcxx surrogate pair */
2043                         c = ((c & 0x07) << 18);
2044                         c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 12);
2045                         c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 6);
2046                         c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
2047                         c -= 0x10000;
2048                         wcs[wpos++] = 0xd800 | (c >> 10);
2049                         wcs[wpos++] = 0xdc00 | (c & 0x3ff);
2050                 } else if (c >= 0xa0) {
2051                         /* invalid utf-8 byte, printable unicode char: convert 1:1 */
2052                         wcs[wpos++] = c;
2053                 } else {
2054                         /* invalid utf-8 byte, non-printable unicode: convert to hex */
2055                         static const char *hex = "0123456789abcdef";
2056                         wcs[wpos++] = hex[c >> 4];
2057                         if (wpos < wcslen)
2058                                 wcs[wpos++] = hex[c & 0x0f];
2059                 }
2060         }
2061         wcs[wpos] = 0;
2062         return wpos;
2063 }
2064
2065 int xwcstoutf(char *utf, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t utflen)
2066 {
2067         if (!wcs || !utf || utflen < 1) {
2068                 errno = EINVAL;
2069                 return -1;
2070         }
2071         utflen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wcs, -1, utf, utflen, NULL, NULL);
2072         if (utflen)
2073                 return utflen - 1;
2074         errno = ERANGE;
2075         return -1;
2076 }
2077
2078 static void setup_windows_environment(void)
2079 {
2080         char *tmp = getenv("TMPDIR");
2081
2082         /* on Windows it is TMP and TEMP */
2083         if (!tmp) {
2084                 if (!(tmp = getenv("TMP")))
2085                         tmp = getenv("TEMP");
2086                 if (tmp) {
2087                         setenv("TMPDIR", tmp, 1);
2088                         tmp = getenv("TMPDIR");
2089                 }
2090         }
2091
2092         if (tmp) {
2093                 /*
2094                  * Convert all dir separators to forward slashes,
2095                  * to help shell commands called from the Git
2096                  * executable (by not mistaking the dir separators
2097                  * for escape characters).
2098                  */
2099                 convert_slashes(tmp);
2100         }
2101
2102         /* simulate TERM to enable auto-color (see color.c) */
2103         if (!getenv("TERM"))
2104                 setenv("TERM", "cygwin", 1);
2105 }
2106
2107 /*
2108  * Disable MSVCRT command line wildcard expansion (__getmainargs called from
2109  * mingw startup code, see init.c in mingw runtime).
2110  */
2111 int _CRT_glob = 0;
2112
2113 typedef struct {
2114         int newmode;
2115 } _startupinfo;
2116
2117 extern int __wgetmainargs(int *argc, wchar_t ***argv, wchar_t ***env, int glob,
2118                 _startupinfo *si);
2119
2120 static NORETURN void die_startup(void)
2121 {
2122         fputs("fatal: not enough memory for initialization", stderr);
2123         exit(128);
2124 }
2125
2126 static void *malloc_startup(size_t size)
2127 {
2128         void *result = malloc(size);
2129         if (!result)
2130                 die_startup();
2131         return result;
2132 }
2133
2134 static char *wcstoutfdup_startup(char *buffer, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t len)
2135 {
2136         len = xwcstoutf(buffer, wcs, len) + 1;
2137         return memcpy(malloc_startup(len), buffer, len);
2138 }
2139
2140 void mingw_startup(void)
2141 {
2142         int i, maxlen, argc;
2143         char *buffer;
2144         wchar_t **wenv, **wargv;
2145         _startupinfo si;
2146
2147         /* get wide char arguments and environment */
2148         si.newmode = 0;
2149         if (__wgetmainargs(&argc, &wargv, &wenv, _CRT_glob, &si) < 0)
2150                 die_startup();
2151
2152         /* determine size of argv and environ conversion buffer */
2153         maxlen = wcslen(_wpgmptr);
2154         for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
2155                 maxlen = max(maxlen, wcslen(wargv[i]));
2156         for (i = 0; wenv[i]; i++)
2157                 maxlen = max(maxlen, wcslen(wenv[i]));
2158
2159         /*
2160          * nedmalloc can't free CRT memory, allocate resizable environment
2161          * list. Note that xmalloc / xmemdupz etc. call getenv, so we cannot
2162          * use it while initializing the environment itself.
2163          */
2164         environ_size = i + 1;
2165         environ_alloc = alloc_nr(environ_size * sizeof(char*));
2166         environ = malloc_startup(environ_alloc);
2167
2168         /* allocate buffer (wchar_t encodes to max 3 UTF-8 bytes) */
2169         maxlen = 3 * maxlen + 1;
2170         buffer = malloc_startup(maxlen);
2171
2172         /* convert command line arguments and environment to UTF-8 */
2173         __argv[0] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, _wpgmptr, maxlen);
2174         for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
2175                 __argv[i] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, wargv[i], maxlen);
2176         for (i = 0; wenv[i]; i++)
2177                 environ[i] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, wenv[i], maxlen);
2178         environ[i] = NULL;
2179         free(buffer);
2180
2181         /* sort environment for O(log n) getenv / putenv */
2182         qsort(environ, i, sizeof(char*), compareenv);
2183
2184         /* fix Windows specific environment settings */
2185         setup_windows_environment();
2186
2187         /* initialize critical section for waitpid pinfo_t list */
2188         InitializeCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
2189
2190         /* set up default file mode and file modes for stdin/out/err */
2191         _fmode = _O_BINARY;
2192         _setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY);
2193         _setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY);
2194         _setmode(_fileno(stderr), _O_BINARY);
2195
2196         /* initialize Unicode console */
2197         winansi_init();
2198 }
2199
2200 int uname(struct utsname *buf)
2201 {
2202         unsigned v = (unsigned)GetVersion();
2203         memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
2204         xsnprintf(buf->sysname, sizeof(buf->sysname), "Windows");
2205         xsnprintf(buf->release, sizeof(buf->release),
2206                  "%u.%u", v & 0xff, (v >> 8) & 0xff);
2207         /* assuming NT variants only.. */
2208         xsnprintf(buf->version, sizeof(buf->version),
2209                   "%u", (v >> 16) & 0x7fff);
2210         return 0;
2211 }