doc: move author and committer information to git-commit(1)

[git.git] / blame.c

#include "cache.h"
#include "refs.h"
#include "object-store.h"
#include "cache-tree.h"
#include "mergesort.h"
#include "diff.h"
#include "diffcore.h"
#include "tag.h"
#include "blame.h"
#include "alloc.h"
#include "commit-slab.h"

define_commit_slab(blame_suspects, struct blame_origin *);
static struct blame_suspects blame_suspects;

struct blame_origin *get_blame_suspects(struct commit *commit)
{
        struct blame_origin **result;

        result = blame_suspects_peek(&blame_suspects, commit);

        return result ? *result : NULL;
}

static void set_blame_suspects(struct commit *commit, struct blame_origin *origin)
{
        *blame_suspects_at(&blame_suspects, commit) = origin;
}

void blame_origin_decref(struct blame_origin *o)
{
        if (o && --o->refcnt <= 0) {
                struct blame_origin *p, *l = NULL;
                if (o->previous)
                        blame_origin_decref(o->previous);
                free(o->file.ptr);
                /* Should be present exactly once in commit chain */
                for (p = get_blame_suspects(o->commit); p; l = p, p = p->next) {
                        if (p == o) {
                                if (l)
                                        l->next = p->next;
                                else
                                        set_blame_suspects(o->commit, p->next);
                                free(o);
                                return;
                        }
                }
                die("internal error in blame_origin_decref");
        }
}

/*
 * Given a commit and a path in it, create a new origin structure.
 * The callers that add blame to the scoreboard should use
 * get_origin() to obtain shared, refcounted copy instead of calling
 * this function directly.
 */
static struct blame_origin *make_origin(struct commit *commit, const char *path)
{
        struct blame_origin *o;
        FLEX_ALLOC_STR(o, path, path);
        o->commit = commit;
        o->refcnt = 1;
        o->next = get_blame_suspects(commit);
        set_blame_suspects(commit, o);
        return o;
}

/*
 * Locate an existing origin or create a new one.
 * This moves the origin to front position in the commit util list.
 */
static struct blame_origin *get_origin(struct commit *commit, const char *path)
{
        struct blame_origin *o, *l;

        for (o = get_blame_suspects(commit), l = NULL; o; l = o, o = o->next) {
                if (!strcmp(o->path, path)) {
                        /* bump to front */
                        if (l) {
                                l->next = o->next;
                                o->next = get_blame_suspects(commit);
                                set_blame_suspects(commit, o);
                        }
                        return blame_origin_incref(o);
                }
        }
        return make_origin(commit, path);
}



static void verify_working_tree_path(struct repository *r,
                                     struct commit *work_tree, const char *path)
{
        struct commit_list *parents;
        int pos;

        for (parents = work_tree->parents; parents; parents = parents->next) {
                const struct object_id *commit_oid = &parents->item->object.oid;
                struct object_id blob_oid;
                unsigned short mode;

                if (!get_tree_entry(r, commit_oid, path, &blob_oid, &mode) &&
                    oid_object_info(r, &blob_oid, NULL) == OBJ_BLOB)
                        return;
        }

        pos = index_name_pos(r->index, path, strlen(path));
        if (pos >= 0)
                ; /* path is in the index */
        else if (-1 - pos < r->index->cache_nr &&
                 !strcmp(r->index->cache[-1 - pos]->name, path))
                ; /* path is in the index, unmerged */
        else
                die("no such path '%s' in HEAD", path);
}

static struct commit_list **append_parent(struct repository *r,
                                          struct commit_list **tail,
                                          const struct object_id *oid)
{
        struct commit *parent;

        parent = lookup_commit_reference(r, oid);
        if (!parent)
                die("no such commit %s", oid_to_hex(oid));
        return &commit_list_insert(parent, tail)->next;
}

static void append_merge_parents(struct repository *r,
                                 struct commit_list **tail)
{
        int merge_head;
        struct strbuf line = STRBUF_INIT;

        merge_head = open(git_path_merge_head(r), O_RDONLY);
        if (merge_head < 0) {
                if (errno == ENOENT)
                        return;
                die("cannot open '%s' for reading",
                    git_path_merge_head(r));
        }

        while (!strbuf_getwholeline_fd(&line, merge_head, '\n')) {
                struct object_id oid;
                if (get_oid_hex(line.buf, &oid))
                        die("unknown line in '%s': %s",
                            git_path_merge_head(r), line.buf);
                tail = append_parent(r, tail, &oid);
        }
        close(merge_head);
        strbuf_release(&line);
}

/*
 * This isn't as simple as passing sb->buf and sb->len, because we
 * want to transfer ownership of the buffer to the commit (so we
 * must use detach).
 */
static void set_commit_buffer_from_strbuf(struct repository *r,
                                          struct commit *c,
                                          struct strbuf *sb)
{
        size_t len;
        void *buf = strbuf_detach(sb, &len);
        set_commit_buffer(r, c, buf, len);
}

/*
 * Prepare a dummy commit that represents the work tree (or staged) item.
 * Note that annotating work tree item never works in the reverse.
 */
static struct commit *fake_working_tree_commit(struct repository *r,
                                               struct diff_options *opt,
                                               const char *path,
                                               const char *contents_from)
{
        struct commit *commit;
        struct blame_origin *origin;
        struct commit_list **parent_tail, *parent;
        struct object_id head_oid;
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *ident;
        time_t now;
        int len;
        struct cache_entry *ce;
        unsigned mode;
        struct strbuf msg = STRBUF_INIT;

        repo_read_index(r);
        time(&now);
        commit = alloc_commit_node(r);
        commit->object.parsed = 1;
        commit->date = now;
        parent_tail = &commit->parents;

        if (!resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING, &head_oid, NULL))
                die("no such ref: HEAD");

        parent_tail = append_parent(r, parent_tail, &head_oid);
        append_merge_parents(r, parent_tail);
        verify_working_tree_path(r, commit, path);

        origin = make_origin(commit, path);

        ident = fmt_ident("Not Committed Yet", "not.committed.yet",
                        WANT_BLANK_IDENT, NULL, 0);
        strbuf_addstr(&msg, "tree 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000\n");
        for (parent = commit->parents; parent; parent = parent->next)
                strbuf_addf(&msg, "parent %s\n",
                            oid_to_hex(&parent->item->object.oid));
        strbuf_addf(&msg,
                    "author %s\n"
                    "committer %s\n\n"
                    "Version of %s from %s\n",
                    ident, ident, path,
                    (!contents_from ? path :
                     (!strcmp(contents_from, "-") ? "standard input" : contents_from)));
        set_commit_buffer_from_strbuf(r, commit, &msg);

        if (!contents_from || strcmp("-", contents_from)) {
                struct stat st;
                const char *read_from;
                char *buf_ptr;
                unsigned long buf_len;

                if (contents_from) {
                        if (stat(contents_from, &st) < 0)
                                die_errno("Cannot stat '%s'", contents_from);
                        read_from = contents_from;
                }
                else {
                        if (lstat(path, &st) < 0)
                                die_errno("Cannot lstat '%s'", path);
                        read_from = path;
                }
                mode = canon_mode(st.st_mode);

                switch (st.st_mode & S_IFMT) {
                case S_IFREG:
                        if (opt->flags.allow_textconv &&
                            textconv_object(r, read_from, mode, &null_oid, 0, &buf_ptr, &buf_len))
                                strbuf_attach(&buf, buf_ptr, buf_len, buf_len + 1);
                        else if (strbuf_read_file(&buf, read_from, st.st_size) != st.st_size)
                                die_errno("cannot open or read '%s'", read_from);
                        break;
                case S_IFLNK:
                        if (strbuf_readlink(&buf, read_from, st.st_size) < 0)
                                die_errno("cannot readlink '%s'", read_from);
                        break;
                default:
                        die("unsupported file type %s", read_from);
                }
        }
        else {
                /* Reading from stdin */
                mode = 0;
                if (strbuf_read(&buf, 0, 0) < 0)
                        die_errno("failed to read from stdin");
        }
        convert_to_git(r->index, path, buf.buf, buf.len, &buf, 0);
        origin->file.ptr = buf.buf;
        origin->file.size = buf.len;
        pretend_object_file(buf.buf, buf.len, OBJ_BLOB, &origin->blob_oid);

        /*
         * Read the current index, replace the path entry with
         * origin->blob_sha1 without mucking with its mode or type
         * bits; we are not going to write this index out -- we just
         * want to run "diff-index --cached".
         */
        discard_index(r->index);
        repo_read_index(r);

        len = strlen(path);
        if (!mode) {
                int pos = index_name_pos(r->index, path, len);
                if (0 <= pos)
                        mode = r->index->cache[pos]->ce_mode;
                else
                        /* Let's not bother reading from HEAD tree */
                        mode = S_IFREG | 0644;
        }
        ce = make_empty_cache_entry(r->index, len);
        oidcpy(&ce->oid, &origin->blob_oid);
        memcpy(ce->name, path, len);
        ce->ce_flags = create_ce_flags(0);
        ce->ce_namelen = len;
        ce->ce_mode = create_ce_mode(mode);
        add_index_entry(r->index, ce,
                        ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_ADD | ADD_CACHE_OK_TO_REPLACE);

        cache_tree_invalidate_path(r->index, path);

        return commit;
}



static int diff_hunks(mmfile_t *file_a, mmfile_t *file_b,
                      xdl_emit_hunk_consume_func_t hunk_func, void *cb_data, int xdl_opts)
{
        xpparam_t xpp = {0};
        xdemitconf_t xecfg = {0};
        xdemitcb_t ecb = {NULL};

        xpp.flags = xdl_opts;
        xecfg.hunk_func = hunk_func;
        ecb.priv = cb_data;
        return xdi_diff(file_a, file_b, &xpp, &xecfg, &ecb);
}

static const char *get_next_line(const char *start, const char *end)
{
        const char *nl = memchr(start, '\n', end - start);

        return nl ? nl + 1 : end;
}

static int find_line_starts(int **line_starts, const char *buf,
                            unsigned long len)
{
        const char *end = buf + len;
        const char *p;
        int *lineno;
        int num = 0;

        for (p = buf; p < end; p = get_next_line(p, end))
                num++;

        ALLOC_ARRAY(*line_starts, num + 1);
        lineno = *line_starts;

        for (p = buf; p < end; p = get_next_line(p, end))
                *lineno++ = p - buf;

        *lineno = len;

        return num;
}

struct fingerprint_entry;

/* A fingerprint is intended to loosely represent a string, such that two
 * fingerprints can be quickly compared to give an indication of the similarity
 * of the strings that they represent.
 *
 * A fingerprint is represented as a multiset of the lower-cased byte pairs in
 * the string that it represents. Whitespace is added at each end of the
 * string. Whitespace pairs are ignored. Whitespace is converted to '\0'.
 * For example, the string "Darth   Radar" will be converted to the following
 * fingerprint:
 * {"\0d", "da", "da", "ar", "ar", "rt", "th", "h\0", "\0r", "ra", "ad", "r\0"}
 *
 * The similarity between two fingerprints is the size of the intersection of
 * their multisets, including repeated elements. See fingerprint_similarity for
 * examples.
 *
 * For ease of implementation, the fingerprint is implemented as a map
 * of byte pairs to the count of that byte pair in the string, instead of
 * allowing repeated elements in a set.
 */
struct fingerprint {
        struct hashmap map;
        /* As we know the maximum number of entries in advance, it's
         * convenient to store the entries in a single array instead of having
         * the hashmap manage the memory.
         */
        struct fingerprint_entry *entries;
};

/* A byte pair in a fingerprint. Stores the number of times the byte pair
 * occurs in the string that the fingerprint represents.
 */
struct fingerprint_entry {
        /* The hashmap entry - the hash represents the byte pair in its
         * entirety so we don't need to store the byte pair separately.
         */
        struct hashmap_entry entry;
        /* The number of times the byte pair occurs in the string that the
         * fingerprint represents.
         */
        int count;
};

/* See `struct fingerprint` for an explanation of what a fingerprint is.
 * \param result the fingerprint of the string is stored here. This must be
 *               freed later using free_fingerprint.
 * \param line_begin the start of the string
 * \param line_end the end of the string
 */
static void get_fingerprint(struct fingerprint *result,
                            const char *line_begin,
                            const char *line_end)
{
        unsigned int hash, c0 = 0, c1;
        const char *p;
        int max_map_entry_count = 1 + line_end - line_begin;
        struct fingerprint_entry *entry = xcalloc(max_map_entry_count,
                sizeof(struct fingerprint_entry));
        struct fingerprint_entry *found_entry;

        hashmap_init(&result->map, NULL, NULL, max_map_entry_count);
        result->entries = entry;
        for (p = line_begin; p <= line_end; ++p, c0 = c1) {
                /* Always terminate the string with whitespace.
                 * Normalise whitespace to 0, and normalise letters to
                 * lower case. This won't work for multibyte characters but at
                 * worst will match some unrelated characters.
                 */
                if ((p == line_end) || isspace(*p))
                        c1 = 0;
                else
                        c1 = tolower(*p);
                hash = c0 | (c1 << 8);
                /* Ignore whitespace pairs */
                if (hash == 0)
                        continue;
                hashmap_entry_init(&entry->entry, hash);

                found_entry = hashmap_get_entry(&result->map, entry,
                                                /* member name */ entry, NULL);
                if (found_entry) {
                        found_entry->count += 1;
                } else {
                        entry->count = 1;
                        hashmap_add(&result->map, &entry->entry);
                        ++entry;
                }
        }
}

static void free_fingerprint(struct fingerprint *f)
{
        hashmap_free(&f->map);
        free(f->entries);
}

/* Calculates the similarity between two fingerprints as the size of the
 * intersection of their multisets, including repeated elements. See
 * `struct fingerprint` for an explanation of the fingerprint representation.
 * The similarity between "cat mat" and "father rather" is 2 because "at" is
 * present twice in both strings while the similarity between "tim" and "mit"
 * is 0.
 */
static int fingerprint_similarity(struct fingerprint *a, struct fingerprint *b)
{
        int intersection = 0;
        struct hashmap_iter iter;
        const struct fingerprint_entry *entry_a, *entry_b;

        hashmap_for_each_entry(&b->map, &iter, entry_b,
                                entry /* member name */) {
                entry_a = hashmap_get_entry(&a->map, entry_b, entry, NULL);
                if (entry_a) {
                        intersection += entry_a->count < entry_b->count ?
                                        entry_a->count : entry_b->count;
                }
        }
        return intersection;
}

/* Subtracts byte-pair elements in B from A, modifying A in place.
 */
static void fingerprint_subtract(struct fingerprint *a, struct fingerprint *b)
{
        struct hashmap_iter iter;
        struct fingerprint_entry *entry_a;
        const struct fingerprint_entry *entry_b;

        hashmap_iter_init(&b->map, &iter);

        hashmap_for_each_entry(&b->map, &iter, entry_b,
                                entry /* member name */) {
                entry_a = hashmap_get_entry(&a->map, entry_b, entry, NULL);
                if (entry_a) {
                        if (entry_a->count <= entry_b->count)
                                hashmap_remove(&a->map, &entry_b->entry, NULL);
                        else
                                entry_a->count -= entry_b->count;
                }
        }
}

/* Calculate fingerprints for a series of lines.
 * Puts the fingerprints in the fingerprints array, which must have been
 * preallocated to allow storing line_count elements.
 */
static void get_line_fingerprints(struct fingerprint *fingerprints,
                                  const char *content, const int *line_starts,
                                  long first_line, long line_count)
{
        int i;
        const char *linestart, *lineend;

        line_starts += first_line;
        for (i = 0; i < line_count; ++i) {
                linestart = content + line_starts[i];
                lineend = content + line_starts[i + 1];
                get_fingerprint(fingerprints + i, linestart, lineend);
        }
}

static void free_line_fingerprints(struct fingerprint *fingerprints,
                                   int nr_fingerprints)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < nr_fingerprints; i++)
                free_fingerprint(&fingerprints[i]);
}

/* This contains the data necessary to linearly map a line number in one half
 * of a diff chunk to the line in the other half of the diff chunk that is
 * closest in terms of its position as a fraction of the length of the chunk.
 */
struct line_number_mapping {
        int destination_start, destination_length,
                source_start, source_length;
};

/* Given a line number in one range, offset and scale it to map it onto the
 * other range.
 * Essentially this mapping is a simple linear equation but the calculation is
 * more complicated to allow performing it with integer operations.
 * Another complication is that if a line could map onto many lines in the
 * destination range then we want to choose the line at the center of those
 * possibilities.
 * Example: if the chunk is 2 lines long in A and 10 lines long in B then the
 * first 5 lines in B will map onto the first line in the A chunk, while the
 * last 5 lines will all map onto the second line in the A chunk.
 * Example: if the chunk is 10 lines long in A and 2 lines long in B then line
 * 0 in B will map onto line 2 in A, and line 1 in B will map onto line 7 in A.
 */
static int map_line_number(int line_number,
        const struct line_number_mapping *mapping)
{
        return ((line_number - mapping->source_start) * 2 + 1) *
               mapping->destination_length /
               (mapping->source_length * 2) +
               mapping->destination_start;
}

/* Get a pointer to the element storing the similarity between a line in A
 * and a line in B.
 *
 * The similarities are stored in a 2-dimensional array. Each "row" in the
 * array contains the similarities for a line in B. The similarities stored in
 * a row are the similarities between the line in B and the nearby lines in A.
 * To keep the length of each row the same, it is padded out with values of -1
 * where the search range extends beyond the lines in A.
 * For example, if max_search_distance_a is 2 and the two sides of a diff chunk
 * look like this:
 * a | m
 * b | n
 * c | o
 * d | p
 * e | q
 * Then the similarity array will contain:
 * [-1, -1, am, bm, cm,
 *  -1, an, bn, cn, dn,
 *  ao, bo, co, do, eo,
 *  bp, cp, dp, ep, -1,
 *  cq, dq, eq, -1, -1]
 * Where similarities are denoted either by -1 for invalid, or the
 * concatenation of the two lines in the diff being compared.
 *
 * \param similarities array of similarities between lines in A and B
 * \param line_a the index of the line in A, in the same frame of reference as
 *      closest_line_a.
 * \param local_line_b the index of the line in B, relative to the first line
 *                     in B that similarities represents.
 * \param closest_line_a the index of the line in A that is deemed to be
 *                       closest to local_line_b. This must be in the same
 *                       frame of reference as line_a. This value defines
 *                       where similarities is centered for the line in B.
 * \param max_search_distance_a maximum distance in lines from the closest line
 *                              in A for other lines in A for which
 *                              similarities may be calculated.
 */
static int *get_similarity(int *similarities,
                           int line_a, int local_line_b,
                           int closest_line_a, int max_search_distance_a)
{
        assert(abs(line_a - closest_line_a) <=
               max_search_distance_a);
        return similarities + line_a - closest_line_a +
               max_search_distance_a +
               local_line_b * (max_search_distance_a * 2 + 1);
}

#define CERTAIN_NOTHING_MATCHES -2
#define CERTAINTY_NOT_CALCULATED -1

/* Given a line in B, first calculate its similarities with nearby lines in A
 * if not already calculated, then identify the most similar and second most
 * similar lines. The "certainty" is calculated based on those two
 * similarities.
 *
 * \param start_a the index of the first line of the chunk in A
 * \param length_a the length in lines of the chunk in A
 * \param local_line_b the index of the line in B, relative to the first line
 *                     in the chunk.
 * \param fingerprints_a array of fingerprints for the chunk in A
 * \param fingerprints_b array of fingerprints for the chunk in B
 * \param similarities 2-dimensional array of similarities between lines in A
 *                     and B. See get_similarity() for more details.
 * \param certainties array of values indicating how strongly a line in B is
 *                    matched with some line in A.
 * \param second_best_result array of absolute indices in A for the second
 *                           closest match of a line in B.
 * \param result array of absolute indices in A for the closest match of a line
 *               in B.
 * \param max_search_distance_a maximum distance in lines from the closest line
 *                              in A for other lines in A for which
 *                              similarities may be calculated.
 * \param map_line_number_in_b_to_a parameter to map_line_number().
 */
static void find_best_line_matches(
        int start_a,
        int length_a,
        int start_b,
        int local_line_b,
        struct fingerprint *fingerprints_a,
        struct fingerprint *fingerprints_b,
        int *similarities,
        int *certainties,
        int *second_best_result,
        int *result,
        const int max_search_distance_a,
        const struct line_number_mapping *map_line_number_in_b_to_a)
{

        int i, search_start, search_end, closest_local_line_a, *similarity,
                best_similarity = 0, second_best_similarity = 0,
                best_similarity_index = 0, second_best_similarity_index = 0;

        /* certainty has already been calculated so no need to redo the work */
        if (certainties[local_line_b] != CERTAINTY_NOT_CALCULATED)
                return;

        closest_local_line_a = map_line_number(
                local_line_b + start_b, map_line_number_in_b_to_a) - start_a;

        search_start = closest_local_line_a - max_search_distance_a;
        if (search_start < 0)
                search_start = 0;

        search_end = closest_local_line_a + max_search_distance_a + 1;
        if (search_end > length_a)
                search_end = length_a;

        for (i = search_start; i < search_end; ++i) {
                similarity = get_similarity(similarities,
                                            i, local_line_b,
                                            closest_local_line_a,
                                            max_search_distance_a);
                if (*similarity == -1) {
                        /* This value will never exceed 10 but assert just in
                         * case
                         */
                        assert(abs(i - closest_local_line_a) < 1000);
                        /* scale the similarity by (1000 - distance from
                         * closest line) to act as a tie break between lines
                         * that otherwise are equally similar.
                         */
                        *similarity = fingerprint_similarity(
                                fingerprints_b + local_line_b,
                                fingerprints_a + i) *
                                (1000 - abs(i - closest_local_line_a));
                }
                if (*similarity > best_similarity) {
                        second_best_similarity = best_similarity;
                        second_best_similarity_index = best_similarity_index;
                        best_similarity = *similarity;
                        best_similarity_index = i;
                } else if (*similarity > second_best_similarity) {
                        second_best_similarity = *similarity;
                        second_best_similarity_index = i;
                }
        }

        if (best_similarity == 0) {
                /* this line definitely doesn't match with anything. Mark it
                 * with this special value so it doesn't get invalidated and
                 * won't be recalculated.
                 */
                certainties[local_line_b] = CERTAIN_NOTHING_MATCHES;
                result[local_line_b] = -1;
        } else {
                /* Calculate the certainty with which this line matches.
                 * If the line matches well with two lines then that reduces
                 * the certainty. However we still want to prioritise matching
                 * a line that matches very well with two lines over matching a
                 * line that matches poorly with one line, hence doubling
                 * best_similarity.
                 * This means that if we have
                 * line X that matches only one line with a score of 3,
                 * line Y that matches two lines equally with a score of 5,
                 * and line Z that matches only one line with a score or 2,
                 * then the lines in order of certainty are X, Y, Z.
                 */
                certainties[local_line_b] = best_similarity * 2 -
                        second_best_similarity;

                /* We keep both the best and second best results to allow us to
                 * check at a later stage of the matching process whether the
                 * result needs to be invalidated.
                 */
                result[local_line_b] = start_a + best_similarity_index;
                second_best_result[local_line_b] =
                        start_a + second_best_similarity_index;
        }
}

/*
 * This finds the line that we can match with the most confidence, and
 * uses it as a partition. It then calls itself on the lines on either side of
 * that partition. In this way we avoid lines appearing out of order, and
 * retain a sensible line ordering.
 * \param start_a index of the first line in A with which lines in B may be
 *                compared.
 * \param start_b index of the first line in B for which matching should be
 *                done.
 * \param length_a number of lines in A with which lines in B may be compared.
 * \param length_b number of lines in B for which matching should be done.
 * \param fingerprints_a mutable array of fingerprints in A. The first element
 *                       corresponds to the line at start_a.
 * \param fingerprints_b array of fingerprints in B. The first element
 *                       corresponds to the line at start_b.
 * \param similarities 2-dimensional array of similarities between lines in A
 *                     and B. See get_similarity() for more details.
 * \param certainties array of values indicating how strongly a line in B is
 *                    matched with some line in A.
 * \param second_best_result array of absolute indices in A for the second
 *                           closest match of a line in B.
 * \param result array of absolute indices in A for the closest match of a line
 *               in B.
 * \param max_search_distance_a maximum distance in lines from the closest line
 *                            in A for other lines in A for which
 *                            similarities may be calculated.
 * \param max_search_distance_b an upper bound on the greatest possible
 *                            distance between lines in B such that they will
 *                              both be compared with the same line in A
 *                            according to max_search_distance_a.
 * \param map_line_number_in_b_to_a parameter to map_line_number().
 */
static void fuzzy_find_matching_lines_recurse(
        int start_a, int start_b,
        int length_a, int length_b,
        struct fingerprint *fingerprints_a,
        struct fingerprint *fingerprints_b,
        int *similarities,
        int *certainties,
        int *second_best_result,
        int *result,
        int max_search_distance_a,
        int max_search_distance_b,
        const struct line_number_mapping *map_line_number_in_b_to_a)
{
        int i, invalidate_min, invalidate_max, offset_b,
                second_half_start_a, second_half_start_b,
                second_half_length_a, second_half_length_b,
                most_certain_line_a, most_certain_local_line_b = -1,
                most_certain_line_certainty = -1,
                closest_local_line_a;

        for (i = 0; i < length_b; ++i) {
                find_best_line_matches(start_a,
                                       length_a,
                                       start_b,
                                       i,
                                       fingerprints_a,
                                       fingerprints_b,
                                       similarities,
                                       certainties,
                                       second_best_result,
                                       result,
                                       max_search_distance_a,
                                       map_line_number_in_b_to_a);

                if (certainties[i] > most_certain_line_certainty) {
                        most_certain_line_certainty = certainties[i];
                        most_certain_local_line_b = i;
                }
        }

        /* No matches. */
        if (most_certain_local_line_b == -1)
                return;

        most_certain_line_a = result[most_certain_local_line_b];

        /*
         * Subtract the most certain line's fingerprint in B from the matched
         * fingerprint in A. This means that other lines in B can't also match
         * the same parts of the line in A.
         */
        fingerprint_subtract(fingerprints_a + most_certain_line_a - start_a,
                             fingerprints_b + most_certain_local_line_b);

        /* Invalidate results that may be affected by the choice of most
         * certain line.
         */
        invalidate_min = most_certain_local_line_b - max_search_distance_b;
        invalidate_max = most_certain_local_line_b + max_search_distance_b + 1;
        if (invalidate_min < 0)
                invalidate_min = 0;
        if (invalidate_max > length_b)
                invalidate_max = length_b;

        /* As the fingerprint in A has changed, discard previously calculated
         * similarity values with that fingerprint.
         */
        for (i = invalidate_min; i < invalidate_max; ++i) {
                closest_local_line_a = map_line_number(
                        i + start_b, map_line_number_in_b_to_a) - start_a;

                /* Check that the lines in A and B are close enough that there
                 * is a similarity value for them.
                 */
                if (abs(most_certain_line_a - start_a - closest_local_line_a) >
                        max_search_distance_a) {
                        continue;
                }

                *get_similarity(similarities, most_certain_line_a - start_a,
                                i, closest_local_line_a,
                                max_search_distance_a) = -1;
        }

        /* More invalidating of results that may be affected by the choice of
         * most certain line.
         * Discard the matches for lines in B that are currently matched with a
         * line in A such that their ordering contradicts the ordering imposed
         * by the choice of most certain line.
         */
        for (i = most_certain_local_line_b - 1; i >= invalidate_min; --i) {
                /* In this loop we discard results for lines in B that are
                 * before most-certain-line-B but are matched with a line in A
                 * that is after most-certain-line-A.
                 */
                if (certainties[i] >= 0 &&
                    (result[i] >= most_certain_line_a ||
                     second_best_result[i] >= most_certain_line_a)) {
                        certainties[i] = CERTAINTY_NOT_CALCULATED;
                }
        }
        for (i = most_certain_local_line_b + 1; i < invalidate_max; ++i) {
                /* In this loop we discard results for lines in B that are
                 * after most-certain-line-B but are matched with a line in A
                 * that is before most-certain-line-A.
                 */
                if (certainties[i] >= 0 &&
                    (result[i] <= most_certain_line_a ||
                     second_best_result[i] <= most_certain_line_a)) {
                        certainties[i] = CERTAINTY_NOT_CALCULATED;
                }
        }

        /* Repeat the matching process for lines before the most certain line.
         */
        if (most_certain_local_line_b > 0) {
                fuzzy_find_matching_lines_recurse(
                        start_a, start_b,
                        most_certain_line_a + 1 - start_a,
                        most_certain_local_line_b,
                        fingerprints_a, fingerprints_b, similarities,
                        certainties, second_best_result, result,
                        max_search_distance_a,
                        max_search_distance_b,
                        map_line_number_in_b_to_a);
        }
        /* Repeat the matching process for lines after the most certain line.
         */
        if (most_certain_local_line_b + 1 < length_b) {
                second_half_start_a = most_certain_line_a;
                offset_b = most_certain_local_line_b + 1;
                second_half_start_b = start_b + offset_b;
                second_half_length_a =
                        length_a + start_a - second_half_start_a;
                second_half_length_b =
                        length_b + start_b - second_half_start_b;
                fuzzy_find_matching_lines_recurse(
                        second_half_start_a, second_half_start_b,
                        second_half_length_a, second_half_length_b,
                        fingerprints_a + second_half_start_a - start_a,
                        fingerprints_b + offset_b,
                        similarities +
                                offset_b * (max_search_distance_a * 2 + 1),
                        certainties + offset_b,
                        second_best_result + offset_b, result + offset_b,
                        max_search_distance_a,
                        max_search_distance_b,
                        map_line_number_in_b_to_a);
        }
}

/* Find the lines in the parent line range that most closely match the lines in
 * the target line range. This is accomplished by matching fingerprints in each
 * blame_origin, and choosing the best matches that preserve the line ordering.
 * See struct fingerprint for details of fingerprint matching, and
 * fuzzy_find_matching_lines_recurse for details of preserving line ordering.
 *
 * The performance is believed to be O(n log n) in the typical case and O(n^2)
 * in a pathological case, where n is the number of lines in the target range.
 */
static int *fuzzy_find_matching_lines(struct blame_origin *parent,
                                      struct blame_origin *target,
                                      int tlno, int parent_slno, int same,
                                      int parent_len)
{
        /* We use the terminology "A" for the left hand side of the diff AKA
         * parent, and "B" for the right hand side of the diff AKA target. */
        int start_a = parent_slno;
        int length_a = parent_len;
        int start_b = tlno;
        int length_b = same - tlno;

        struct line_number_mapping map_line_number_in_b_to_a = {
                start_a, length_a, start_b, length_b
        };

        struct fingerprint *fingerprints_a = parent->fingerprints;
        struct fingerprint *fingerprints_b = target->fingerprints;

        int i, *result, *second_best_result,
                *certainties, *similarities, similarity_count;

        /*
         * max_search_distance_a means that given a line in B, compare it to
         * the line in A that is closest to its position, and the lines in A
         * that are no greater than max_search_distance_a lines away from the
         * closest line in A.
         *
         * max_search_distance_b is an upper bound on the greatest possible
         * distance between lines in B such that they will both be compared
         * with the same line in A according to max_search_distance_a.
         */
        int max_search_distance_a = 10, max_search_distance_b;

        if (length_a <= 0)
                return NULL;

        if (max_search_distance_a >= length_a)
                max_search_distance_a = length_a ? length_a - 1 : 0;

        max_search_distance_b = ((2 * max_search_distance_a + 1) * length_b
                                 - 1) / length_a;

        result = xcalloc(sizeof(int), length_b);
        second_best_result = xcalloc(sizeof(int), length_b);
        certainties = xcalloc(sizeof(int), length_b);

        /* See get_similarity() for details of similarities. */
        similarity_count = length_b * (max_search_distance_a * 2 + 1);
        similarities = xcalloc(sizeof(int), similarity_count);

        for (i = 0; i < length_b; ++i) {
                result[i] = -1;
                second_best_result[i] = -1;
                certainties[i] = CERTAINTY_NOT_CALCULATED;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < similarity_count; ++i)
                similarities[i] = -1;

        fuzzy_find_matching_lines_recurse(start_a, start_b,
                                          length_a, length_b,
                                          fingerprints_a + start_a,
                                          fingerprints_b + start_b,
                                          similarities,
                                          certainties,
                                          second_best_result,
                                          result,
                                          max_search_distance_a,
                                          max_search_distance_b,
                                          &map_line_number_in_b_to_a);

        free(similarities);
        free(certainties);
        free(second_best_result);

        return result;
}

static void fill_origin_fingerprints(struct blame_origin *o)
{
        int *line_starts;

        if (o->fingerprints)
                return;
        o->num_lines = find_line_starts(&line_starts, o->file.ptr,
                                        o->file.size);
        o->fingerprints = xcalloc(sizeof(struct fingerprint), o->num_lines);
        get_line_fingerprints(o->fingerprints, o->file.ptr, line_starts,
                              0, o->num_lines);
        free(line_starts);
}

static void drop_origin_fingerprints(struct blame_origin *o)
{
        if (o->fingerprints) {
                free_line_fingerprints(o->fingerprints, o->num_lines);
                o->num_lines = 0;
                FREE_AND_NULL(o->fingerprints);
        }
}

/*
 * Given an origin, prepare mmfile_t structure to be used by the
 * diff machinery
 */
static void fill_origin_blob(struct diff_options *opt,
                             struct blame_origin *o, mmfile_t *file,
                             int *num_read_blob, int fill_fingerprints)
{
        if (!o->file.ptr) {
                enum object_type type;
                unsigned long file_size;

                (*num_read_blob)++;
                if (opt->flags.allow_textconv &&
                    textconv_object(opt->repo, o->path, o->mode,
                                    &o->blob_oid, 1, &file->ptr, &file_size))
                        ;
                else
                        file->ptr = read_object_file(&o->blob_oid, &type,
                                                     &file_size);
                file->size = file_size;

                if (!file->ptr)
                        die("Cannot read blob %s for path %s",
                            oid_to_hex(&o->blob_oid),
                            o->path);
                o->file = *file;
        }
        else
                *file = o->file;
        if (fill_fingerprints)
                fill_origin_fingerprints(o);
}

static void drop_origin_blob(struct blame_origin *o)
{
        FREE_AND_NULL(o->file.ptr);
        drop_origin_fingerprints(o);
}

/*
 * Any merge of blames happens on lists of blames that arrived via
 * different parents in a single suspect.  In this case, we want to
 * sort according to the suspect line numbers as opposed to the final
 * image line numbers.  The function body is somewhat longish because
 * it avoids unnecessary writes.
 */

static struct blame_entry *blame_merge(struct blame_entry *list1,
                                       struct blame_entry *list2)
{
        struct blame_entry *p1 = list1, *p2 = list2,
                **tail = &list1;

        if (!p1)
                return p2;
        if (!p2)
                return p1;

        if (p1->s_lno <= p2->s_lno) {
                do {
                        tail = &p1->next;
                        if ((p1 = *tail) == NULL) {
                                *tail = p2;
                                return list1;
                        }
                } while (p1->s_lno <= p2->s_lno);
        }
        for (;;) {
                *tail = p2;
                do {
                        tail = &p2->next;
                        if ((p2 = *tail) == NULL)  {
                                *tail = p1;
                                return list1;
                        }
                } while (p1->s_lno > p2->s_lno);
                *tail = p1;
                do {
                        tail = &p1->next;
                        if ((p1 = *tail) == NULL) {
                                *tail = p2;
                                return list1;
                        }
                } while (p1->s_lno <= p2->s_lno);
        }
}

static void *get_next_blame(const void *p)
{
        return ((struct blame_entry *)p)->next;
}

static void set_next_blame(void *p1, void *p2)
{
        ((struct blame_entry *)p1)->next = p2;
}

/*
 * Final image line numbers are all different, so we don't need a
 * three-way comparison here.
 */

static int compare_blame_final(const void *p1, const void *p2)
{
        return ((struct blame_entry *)p1)->lno > ((struct blame_entry *)p2)->lno
                ? 1 : -1;
}

static int compare_blame_suspect(const void *p1, const void *p2)
{
        const struct blame_entry *s1 = p1, *s2 = p2;
        /*
         * to allow for collating suspects, we sort according to the
         * respective pointer value as the primary sorting criterion.
         * The actual relation is pretty unimportant as long as it
         * establishes a total order.  Comparing as integers gives us
         * that.
         */
        if (s1->suspect != s2->suspect)
                return (intptr_t)s1->suspect > (intptr_t)s2->suspect ? 1 : -1;
        if (s1->s_lno == s2->s_lno)
                return 0;
        return s1->s_lno > s2->s_lno ? 1 : -1;
}

void blame_sort_final(struct blame_scoreboard *sb)
{
        sb->ent = llist_mergesort(sb->ent, get_next_blame, set_next_blame,
                                  compare_blame_final);
}

static int compare_commits_by_reverse_commit_date(const void *a,
                                                  const void *b,
                                                  void *c)
{
        return -compare_commits_by_commit_date(a, b, c);
}

/*
 * For debugging -- origin is refcounted, and this asserts that
 * we do not underflow.
 */
static void sanity_check_refcnt(struct blame_scoreboard *sb)
{
        int baa = 0;
        struct blame_entry *ent;

        for (ent = sb->ent; ent; ent = ent->next) {
                /* Nobody should have zero or negative refcnt */
                if (ent->suspect->refcnt <= 0) {
                        fprintf(stderr, "%s in %s has negative refcnt %d\n",
                                ent->suspect->path,
                                oid_to_hex(&ent->suspect->commit->object.oid),
                                ent->suspect->refcnt);
                        baa = 1;
                }
        }
        if (baa)
                sb->on_sanity_fail(sb, baa);
}

/*
 * If two blame entries that are next to each other came from
 * contiguous lines in the same origin (i.e. <commit, path> pair),
 * merge them together.
 */
void blame_coalesce(struct blame_scoreboard *sb)
{
        struct blame_entry *ent, *next;

        for (ent = sb->ent; ent && (next = ent->next); ent = next) {
                if (ent->suspect == next->suspect &&
                    ent->s_lno + ent->num_lines == next->s_lno &&
                    ent->ignored == next->ignored &&
                    ent->unblamable == next->unblamable) {
                        ent->num_lines += next->num_lines;
                        ent->next = next->next;
                        blame_origin_decref(next->suspect);
                        free(next);
                        ent->score = 0;
                        next = ent; /* again */
                }
        }

        if (sb->debug) /* sanity */
                sanity_check_refcnt(sb);
}

/*
 * Merge the given sorted list of blames into a preexisting origin.
 * If there were no previous blames to that commit, it is entered into
 * the commit priority queue of the score board.
 */

static void queue_blames(struct blame_scoreboard *sb, struct blame_origin *porigin,
                         struct blame_entry *sorted)
{
        if (porigin->suspects)
                porigin->suspects = blame_merge(porigin->suspects, sorted);
        else {
                struct blame_origin *o;
                for (o = get_blame_suspects(porigin->commit); o; o = o->next) {
                        if (o->suspects) {
                                porigin->suspects = sorted;
                                return;
                        }
                }
                porigin->suspects = sorted;
                prio_queue_put(&sb->commits, porigin->commit);
        }
}

/*
 * Fill the blob_sha1 field of an origin if it hasn't, so that later
 * call to fill_origin_blob() can use it to locate the data.  blob_sha1
 * for an origin is also used to pass the blame for the entire file to
 * the parent to detect the case where a child's blob is identical to
 * that of its parent's.
 *
 * This also fills origin->mode for corresponding tree path.
 */
static int fill_blob_sha1_and_mode(struct repository *r,
                                   struct blame_origin *origin)
{
        if (!is_null_oid(&origin->blob_oid))
                return 0;
        if (get_tree_entry(r, &origin->commit->object.oid, origin->path, &origin->blob_oid, &origin->mode))
                goto error_out;
        if (oid_object_info(r, &origin->blob_oid, NULL) != OBJ_BLOB)
                goto error_out;
        return 0;
 error_out:
        oidclr(&origin->blob_oid);
        origin->mode = S_IFINVALID;
        return -1;
}

/*
 * We have an origin -- check if the same path exists in the
 * parent and return an origin structure to represent it.
 */
static struct blame_origin *find_origin(struct repository *r,
                                        struct commit *parent,
                                        struct blame_origin *origin)
{
        struct blame_origin *porigin;
        struct diff_options diff_opts;
        const char *paths[2];

        /* First check any existing origins */
        for (porigin = get_blame_suspects(parent); porigin; porigin = porigin->next)
                if (!strcmp(porigin->path, origin->path)) {
                        /*
                         * The same path between origin and its parent
                         * without renaming -- the most common case.
                         */
                        return blame_origin_incref (porigin);
                }

        /* See if the origin->path is different between parent
         * and origin first.  Most of the time they are the
         * same and diff-tree is fairly efficient about this.
         */
        repo_diff_setup(r, &diff_opts);
        diff_opts.flags.recursive = 1;
        diff_opts.detect_rename = 0;
        diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
        paths[0] = origin->path;
        paths[1] = NULL;

        parse_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec,
                       PATHSPEC_ALL_MAGIC & ~PATHSPEC_LITERAL,
                       PATHSPEC_LITERAL_PATH, "", paths);
        diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);

        if (is_null_oid(&origin->commit->object.oid))
                do_diff_cache(get_commit_tree_oid(parent), &diff_opts);
        else
                diff_tree_oid(get_commit_tree_oid(parent),
                              get_commit_tree_oid(origin->commit),
                              "", &diff_opts);
        diffcore_std(&diff_opts);

        if (!diff_queued_diff.nr) {
                /* The path is the same as parent */
                porigin = get_origin(parent, origin->path);
                oidcpy(&porigin->blob_oid, &origin->blob_oid);
                porigin->mode = origin->mode;
        } else {
                /*
                 * Since origin->path is a pathspec, if the parent
                 * commit had it as a directory, we will see a whole
                 * bunch of deletion of files in the directory that we
                 * do not care about.
                 */
                int i;
                struct diff_filepair *p = NULL;
                for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++) {
                        const char *name;
                        p = diff_queued_diff.queue[i];
                        name = p->one->path ? p->one->path : p->two->path;
                        if (!strcmp(name, origin->path))
                                break;
                }
                if (!p)
                        die("internal error in blame::find_origin");
                switch (p->status) {
                default:
                        die("internal error in blame::find_origin (%c)",
                            p->status);
                case 'M':
                        porigin = get_origin(parent, origin->path);
                        oidcpy(&porigin->blob_oid, &p->one->oid);
                        porigin->mode = p->one->mode;
                        break;
                case 'A':
                case 'T':
                        /* Did not exist in parent, or type changed */
                        break;
                }
        }
        diff_flush(&diff_opts);
        clear_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
        return porigin;
}

/*
 * We have an origin -- find the path that corresponds to it in its
 * parent and return an origin structure to represent it.
 */
static struct blame_origin *find_rename(struct repository *r,
                                        struct commit *parent,
                                        struct blame_origin *origin)
{
        struct blame_origin *porigin = NULL;
        struct diff_options diff_opts;
        int i;

        repo_diff_setup(r, &diff_opts);
        diff_opts.flags.recursive = 1;
        diff_opts.detect_rename = DIFF_DETECT_RENAME;
        diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;
        diff_opts.single_follow = origin->path;
        diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);

        if (is_null_oid(&origin->commit->object.oid))
                do_diff_cache(get_commit_tree_oid(parent), &diff_opts);
        else
                diff_tree_oid(get_commit_tree_oid(parent),
                              get_commit_tree_oid(origin->commit),
                              "", &diff_opts);
        diffcore_std(&diff_opts);

        for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++) {
                struct diff_filepair *p = diff_queued_diff.queue[i];
                if ((p->status == 'R' || p->status == 'C') &&
                    !strcmp(p->two->path, origin->path)) {
                        porigin = get_origin(parent, p->one->path);
                        oidcpy(&porigin->blob_oid, &p->one->oid);
                        porigin->mode = p->one->mode;
                        break;
                }
        }
        diff_flush(&diff_opts);
        clear_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
        return porigin;
}

/*
 * Append a new blame entry to a given output queue.
 */
static void add_blame_entry(struct blame_entry ***queue,
                            const struct blame_entry *src)
{
        struct blame_entry *e = xmalloc(sizeof(*e));
        memcpy(e, src, sizeof(*e));
        blame_origin_incref(e->suspect);

        e->next = **queue;
        **queue = e;
        *queue = &e->next;
}

/*
 * src typically is on-stack; we want to copy the information in it to
 * a malloced blame_entry that gets added to the given queue.  The
 * origin of dst loses a refcnt.
 */
static void dup_entry(struct blame_entry ***queue,
                      struct blame_entry *dst, struct blame_entry *src)
{
        blame_origin_incref(src->suspect);
        blame_origin_decref(dst->suspect);
        memcpy(dst, src, sizeof(*src));
        dst->next = **queue;
        **queue = dst;
        *queue = &dst->next;
}

const char *blame_nth_line(struct blame_scoreboard *sb, long lno)
{
        return sb->final_buf + sb->lineno[lno];
}

/*
 * It is known that lines between tlno to same came from parent, and e
 * has an overlap with that range.  it also is known that parent's
 * line plno corresponds to e's line tlno.
 *
 *                <---- e ----->
 *                   <------>
 *                   <------------>
 *             <------------>
 *             <------------------>
 *
 * Split e into potentially three parts; before this chunk, the chunk
 * to be blamed for the parent, and after that portion.
 */
static void split_overlap(struct blame_entry *split,
                          struct blame_entry *e,
                          int tlno, int plno, int same,
                          struct blame_origin *parent)
{
        int chunk_end_lno;
        int i;
        memset(split, 0, sizeof(struct blame_entry [3]));

        for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
                split[i].ignored = e->ignored;
                split[i].unblamable = e->unblamable;
        }

        if (e->s_lno < tlno) {
                /* there is a pre-chunk part not blamed on parent */
                split[0].suspect = blame_origin_incref(e->suspect);
                split[0].lno = e->lno;
                split[0].s_lno = e->s_lno;
                split[0].num_lines = tlno - e->s_lno;
                split[1].lno = e->lno + tlno - e->s_lno;
                split[1].s_lno = plno;
        }
        else {
                split[1].lno = e->lno;
                split[1].s_lno = plno + (e->s_lno - tlno);
        }

        if (same < e->s_lno + e->num_lines) {
                /* there is a post-chunk part not blamed on parent */
                split[2].suspect = blame_origin_incref(e->suspect);
                split[2].lno = e->lno + (same - e->s_lno);
                split[2].s_lno = e->s_lno + (same - e->s_lno);
                split[2].num_lines = e->s_lno + e->num_lines - same;
                chunk_end_lno = split[2].lno;
        }
        else
                chunk_end_lno = e->lno + e->num_lines;
        split[1].num_lines = chunk_end_lno - split[1].lno;

        /*
         * if it turns out there is nothing to blame the parent for,
         * forget about the splitting.  !split[1].suspect signals this.
         */
        if (split[1].num_lines < 1)
                return;
        split[1].suspect = blame_origin_incref(parent);
}

/*
 * split_overlap() divided an existing blame e into up to three parts
 * in split.  Any assigned blame is moved to queue to
 * reflect the split.
 */
static void split_blame(struct blame_entry ***blamed,
                        struct blame_entry ***unblamed,
                        struct blame_entry *split,
                        struct blame_entry *e)
{
        if (split[0].suspect && split[2].suspect) {
                /* The first part (reuse storage for the existing entry e) */
                dup_entry(unblamed, e, &split[0]);

                /* The last part -- me */
                add_blame_entry(unblamed, &split[2]);

                /* ... and the middle part -- parent */
                add_blame_entry(blamed, &split[1]);
        }
        else if (!split[0].suspect && !split[2].suspect)
                /*
                 * The parent covers the entire area; reuse storage for
                 * e and replace it with the parent.
                 */
                dup_entry(blamed, e, &split[1]);
        else if (split[0].suspect) {
                /* me and then parent */
                dup_entry(unblamed, e, &split[0]);
                add_blame_entry(blamed, &split[1]);
        }
        else {
                /* parent and then me */
                dup_entry(blamed, e, &split[1]);
                add_blame_entry(unblamed, &split[2]);
        }
}

/*
 * After splitting the blame, the origins used by the
 * on-stack blame_entry should lose one refcnt each.
 */
static void decref_split(struct blame_entry *split)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
                blame_origin_decref(split[i].suspect);
}

/*
 * reverse_blame reverses the list given in head, appending tail.
 * That allows us to build lists in reverse order, then reverse them
 * afterwards.  This can be faster than building the list in proper
 * order right away.  The reason is that building in proper order
 * requires writing a link in the _previous_ element, while building
 * in reverse order just requires placing the list head into the
 * _current_ element.
 */

static struct blame_entry *reverse_blame(struct blame_entry *head,
                                         struct blame_entry *tail)
{
        while (head) {
                struct blame_entry *next = head->next;
                head->next = tail;
                tail = head;
                head = next;
        }
        return tail;
}

/*
 * Splits a blame entry into two entries at 'len' lines.  The original 'e'
 * consists of len lines, i.e. [e->lno, e->lno + len), and the second part,
 * which is returned, consists of the remainder: [e->lno + len, e->lno +
 * e->num_lines).  The caller needs to sort out the reference counting for the
 * new entry's suspect.
 */
static struct blame_entry *split_blame_at(struct blame_entry *e, int len,
                                          struct blame_origin *new_suspect)
{
        struct blame_entry *n = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct blame_entry));

        n->suspect = new_suspect;
        n->ignored = e->ignored;
        n->unblamable = e->unblamable;
        n->lno = e->lno + len;
        n->s_lno = e->s_lno + len;
        n->num_lines = e->num_lines - len;
        e->num_lines = len;
        e->score = 0;
        return n;
}

struct blame_line_tracker {
        int is_parent;
        int s_lno;
};

static int are_lines_adjacent(struct blame_line_tracker *first,
                              struct blame_line_tracker *second)
{
        return first->is_parent == second->is_parent &&
               first->s_lno + 1 == second->s_lno;
}

static int scan_parent_range(struct fingerprint *p_fps,
                             struct fingerprint *t_fps, int t_idx,
                             int from, int nr_lines)
{
        int sim, p_idx;
        #define FINGERPRINT_FILE_THRESHOLD      10
        int best_sim_val = FINGERPRINT_FILE_THRESHOLD;
        int best_sim_idx = -1;

        for (p_idx = from; p_idx < from + nr_lines; p_idx++) {
                sim = fingerprint_similarity(&t_fps[t_idx], &p_fps[p_idx]);
                if (sim < best_sim_val)
                        continue;
                /* Break ties with the closest-to-target line number */
                if (sim == best_sim_val && best_sim_idx != -1 &&
                    abs(best_sim_idx - t_idx) < abs(p_idx - t_idx))
                        continue;
                best_sim_val = sim;
                best_sim_idx = p_idx;
        }
        return best_sim_idx;
}

/*
 * The first pass checks the blame entry (from the target) against the parent's
 * diff chunk.  If that fails for a line, the second pass tries to match that
 * line to any part of parent file.  That catches cases where a change was
 * broken into two chunks by 'context.'
 */
static void guess_line_blames(struct blame_origin *parent,
                              struct blame_origin *target,
                              int tlno, int offset, int same, int parent_len,
                              struct blame_line_tracker *line_blames)
{
        int i, best_idx, target_idx;
        int parent_slno = tlno + offset;
        int *fuzzy_matches;

        fuzzy_matches = fuzzy_find_matching_lines(parent, target,
                                                  tlno, parent_slno, same,
                                                  parent_len);
        for (i = 0; i < same - tlno; i++) {
                target_idx = tlno + i;
                if (fuzzy_matches && fuzzy_matches[i] >= 0) {
                        best_idx = fuzzy_matches[i];
                } else {
                        best_idx = scan_parent_range(parent->fingerprints,
                                                     target->fingerprints,
                                                     target_idx, 0,
                                                     parent->num_lines);
                }
                if (best_idx >= 0) {
                        line_blames[i].is_parent = 1;
                        line_blames[i].s_lno = best_idx;
                } else {
                        line_blames[i].is_parent = 0;
                        line_blames[i].s_lno = target_idx;
                }
        }
        free(fuzzy_matches);
}

/*
 * This decides which parts of a blame entry go to the parent (added to the
 * ignoredp list) and which stay with the target (added to the diffp list).  The
 * actual decision was made in a separate heuristic function, and those answers
 * for the lines in 'e' are in line_blames.  This consumes e, essentially
 * putting it on a list.
 *
 * Note that the blame entries on the ignoredp list are not necessarily sorted
 * with respect to the parent's line numbers yet.
 */
static void ignore_blame_entry(struct blame_entry *e,
                               struct blame_origin *parent,
                               struct blame_entry **diffp,
                               struct blame_entry **ignoredp,
                               struct blame_line_tracker *line_blames)
{
        int entry_len, nr_lines, i;

        /*
         * We carve new entries off the front of e.  Each entry comes from a
         * contiguous chunk of lines: adjacent lines from the same origin
         * (either the parent or the target).
         */
        entry_len = 1;
        nr_lines = e->num_lines;        /* e changes in the loop */
        for (i = 0; i < nr_lines; i++) {
                struct blame_entry *next = NULL;

                /*
                 * We are often adjacent to the next line - only split the blame
                 * entry when we have to.
                 */
                if (i + 1 < nr_lines) {
                        if (are_lines_adjacent(&line_blames[i],
                                               &line_blames[i + 1])) {
                                entry_len++;
                                continue;
                        }
                        next = split_blame_at(e, entry_len,
                                              blame_origin_incref(e->suspect));
                }
                if (line_blames[i].is_parent) {
                        e->ignored = 1;
                        blame_origin_decref(e->suspect);
                        e->suspect = blame_origin_incref(parent);
                        e->s_lno = line_blames[i - entry_len + 1].s_lno;
                        e->next = *ignoredp;
                        *ignoredp = e;
                } else {
                        e->unblamable = 1;
                        /* e->s_lno is already in the target's address space. */
                        e->next = *diffp;
                        *diffp = e;
                }
                assert(e->num_lines == entry_len);
                e = next;
                entry_len = 1;
        }
        assert(!e);
}

/*
 * Process one hunk from the patch between the current suspect for
 * blame_entry e and its parent.  This first blames any unfinished
 * entries before the chunk (which is where target and parent start
 * differing) on the parent, and then splits blame entries at the
 * start and at the end of the difference region.  Since use of -M and
 * -C options may lead to overlapping/duplicate source line number
 * ranges, all we can rely on from sorting/merging is the order of the
 * first suspect line number.
 *
 * tlno: line number in the target where this chunk begins
 * same: line number in the target where this chunk ends
 * offset: add to tlno to get the chunk starting point in the parent
 * parent_len: number of lines in the parent chunk
 */
static void blame_chunk(struct blame_entry ***dstq, struct blame_entry ***srcq,
                        int tlno, int offset, int same, int parent_len,
                        struct blame_origin *parent,
                        struct blame_origin *target, int ignore_diffs)
{
        struct blame_entry *e = **srcq;
        struct blame_entry *samep = NULL, *diffp = NULL, *ignoredp = NULL;
        struct blame_line_tracker *line_blames = NULL;

        while (e && e->s_lno < tlno) {
                struct blame_entry *next = e->next;
                /*
                 * current record starts before differing portion.  If
                 * it reaches into it, we need to split it up and
                 * examine the second part separately.
                 */
                if (e->s_lno + e->num_lines > tlno) {
                        /* Move second half to a new record */
                        struct blame_entry *n;

                        n = split_blame_at(e, tlno - e->s_lno, e->suspect);
                        /* Push new record to diffp */
                        n->next = diffp;
                        diffp = n;
                } else
                        blame_origin_decref(e->suspect);
                /* Pass blame for everything before the differing
                 * chunk to the parent */
                e->suspect = blame_origin_incref(parent);
                e->s_lno += offset;
                e->next = samep;
                samep = e;
                e = next;
        }
        /*
         * As we don't know how much of a common stretch after this
         * diff will occur, the currently blamed parts are all that we
         * can assign to the parent for now.
         */

        if (samep) {
                **dstq = reverse_blame(samep, **dstq);
                *dstq = &samep->next;
        }
        /*
         * Prepend the split off portions: everything after e starts
         * after the blameable portion.
         */
        e = reverse_blame(diffp, e);

        /*
         * Now retain records on the target while parts are different
         * from the parent.
         */
        samep = NULL;
        diffp = NULL;

        if (ignore_diffs && same - tlno > 0) {
                line_blames = xcalloc(sizeof(struct blame_line_tracker),
                                      same - tlno);
                guess_line_blames(parent, target, tlno, offset, same,
                                  parent_len, line_blames);
        }

        while (e && e->s_lno < same) {
                struct blame_entry *next = e->next;

                /*
                 * If current record extends into sameness, need to split.
                 */
                if (e->s_lno + e->num_lines > same) {
                        /*
                         * Move second half to a new record to be
                         * processed by later chunks
                         */
                        struct blame_entry *n;

                        n = split_blame_at(e, same - e->s_lno,
                                           blame_origin_incref(e->suspect));
                        /* Push new record to samep */
                        n->next = samep;
                        samep = n;
                }
                if (ignore_diffs) {
                        ignore_blame_entry(e, parent, &diffp, &ignoredp,
                                           line_blames + e->s_lno - tlno);
                } else {
                        e->next = diffp;
                        diffp = e;
                }
                e = next;
        }
        free(line_blames);
        if (ignoredp) {
                /*
                 * Note ignoredp is not sorted yet, and thus neither is dstq.
                 * That list must be sorted before we queue_blames().  We defer
                 * sorting until after all diff hunks are processed, so that
                 * guess_line_blames() can pick *any* line in the parent.  The
                 * slight drawback is that we end up sorting all blame entries
                 * passed to the parent, including those that are unrelated to
                 * changes made by the ignored commit.
                 */
                **dstq = reverse_blame(ignoredp, **dstq);
                *dstq = &ignoredp->next;
        }
        **srcq = reverse_blame(diffp, reverse_blame(samep, e));
        /* Move across elements that are in the unblamable portion */
        if (diffp)
                *srcq = &diffp->next;
}

struct blame_chunk_cb_data {
        struct blame_origin *parent;
        struct blame_origin *target;
        long offset;
        int ignore_diffs;
        struct blame_entry **dstq;
        struct blame_entry **srcq;
};

/* diff chunks are from parent to target */
static int blame_chunk_cb(long start_a, long count_a,
                          long start_b, long count_b, void *data)
{
        struct blame_chunk_cb_data *d = data;
        if (start_a - start_b != d->offset)
                die("internal error in blame::blame_chunk_cb");
        blame_chunk(&d->dstq, &d->srcq, start_b, start_a - start_b,
                    start_b + count_b, count_a, d->parent, d->target,
                    d->ignore_diffs);
        d->offset = start_a + count_a - (start_b + count_b);
        return 0;
}

/*
 * We are looking at the origin 'target' and aiming to pass blame
 * for the lines it is suspected to its parent.  Run diff to find
 * which lines came from parent and pass blame for them.
 */
static void pass_blame_to_parent(struct blame_scoreboard *sb,
                                 struct blame_origin *target,
                                 struct blame_origin *parent, int ignore_diffs)
{
        mmfile_t file_p, file_o;
        struct blame_chunk_cb_data d;
        struct blame_entry *newdest = NULL;

        if (!target->suspects)
                return; /* nothing remains for this target */

        d.parent = parent;
        d.target = target;
        d.offset = 0;
        d.ignore_diffs = ignore_diffs;
        d.dstq = &newdest; d.srcq = &target->suspects;

        fill_origin_blob(&sb->revs->diffopt, parent, &file_p,
                         &sb->num_read_blob, ignore_diffs);
        fill_origin_blob(&sb->revs->diffopt, target, &file_o,
                         &sb->num_read_blob, ignore_diffs);
        sb->num_get_patch++;

        if (diff_hunks(&file_p, &file_o, blame_chunk_cb, &d, sb->xdl_opts))
                die("unable to generate diff (%s -> %s)",
                    oid_to_hex(&parent->commit->object.oid),
                    oid_to_hex(&target->commit->object.oid));
        /* The rest are the same as the parent */
        blame_chunk(&d.dstq, &d.srcq, INT_MAX, d.offset, INT_MAX, 0,
                    parent, target, 0);
        *d.dstq = NULL;
        if (ignore_diffs)
                newdest = llist_mergesort(newdest, get_next_blame,
                                          set_next_blame,
                                          compare_blame_suspect);
        queue_blames(sb, parent, newdest);

        return;
}

/*
 * The lines in blame_entry after splitting blames many times can become
 * very small and trivial, and at some point it becomes pointless to
 * blame the parents.  E.g. "\t\t}\n\t}\n\n" appears everywhere in any
 * ordinary C program, and it is not worth to say it was copied from
 * totally unrelated file in the parent.
 *
 * Compute how trivial the lines in the blame_entry are.
 */
unsigned blame_entry_score(struct blame_scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *e)
{
        unsigned score;
        const char *cp, *ep;

        if (e->score)
                return e->score;

        score = 1;
        cp = blame_nth_line(sb, e->lno);
        ep = blame_nth_line(sb, e->lno + e->num_lines);
        while (cp < ep) {
                unsigned ch = *((unsigned char *)cp);
                if (isalnum(ch))
                        score++;
                cp++;
        }
        e->score = score;
        return score;
}

/*
 * best_so_far[] and potential[] are both a split of an existing blame_entry
 * that passes blame to the parent.  Maintain best_so_far the best split so
 * far, by comparing potential and best_so_far and copying potential into
 * bst_so_far as needed.
 */
static void copy_split_if_better(struct blame_scoreboard *sb,
                                 struct blame_entry *best_so_far,
                                 struct blame_entry *potential)
{
        int i;

        if (!potential[1].suspect)
                return;
        if (best_so_far[1].suspect) {
                if (blame_entry_score(sb, &potential[1]) <
                    blame_entry_score(sb, &best_so_far[1]))
                        return;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
                blame_origin_incref(potential[i].suspect);
        decref_split(best_so_far);
        memcpy(best_so_far, potential, sizeof(struct blame_entry[3]));
}

/*
 * We are looking at a part of the final image represented by
 * ent (tlno and same are offset by ent->s_lno).
 * tlno is where we are looking at in the final image.
 * up to (but not including) same match preimage.
 * plno is where we are looking at in the preimage.
 *
 * <-------------- final image ---------------------->
 *       <------ent------>
 *         ^tlno ^same
 *    <---------preimage----->
 *         ^plno
 *
 * All line numbers are 0-based.
 */
static void handle_split(struct blame_scoreboard *sb,
                         struct blame_entry *ent,
                         int tlno, int plno, int same,
                         struct blame_origin *parent,
                         struct blame_entry *split)
{
        if (ent->num_lines <= tlno)
                return;
        if (tlno < same) {
                struct blame_entry potential[3];
                tlno += ent->s_lno;
                same += ent->s_lno;
                split_overlap(potential, ent, tlno, plno, same, parent);
                copy_split_if_better(sb, split, potential);
                decref_split(potential);
        }
}

struct handle_split_cb_data {
        struct blame_scoreboard *sb;
        struct blame_entry *ent;
        struct blame_origin *parent;
        struct blame_entry *split;
        long plno;
        long tlno;
};

static int handle_split_cb(long start_a, long count_a,
                           long start_b, long count_b, void *data)
{
        struct handle_split_cb_data *d = data;
        handle_split(d->sb, d->ent, d->tlno, d->plno, start_b, d->parent,
                     d->split);
        d->plno = start_a + count_a;
        d->tlno = start_b + count_b;
        return 0;
}

/*
 * Find the lines from parent that are the same as ent so that
 * we can pass blames to it.  file_p has the blob contents for
 * the parent.
 */
static void find_copy_in_blob(struct blame_scoreboard *sb,
                              struct blame_entry *ent,
                              struct blame_origin *parent,
                              struct blame_entry *split,
                              mmfile_t *file_p)
{
        const char *cp;
        mmfile_t file_o;
        struct handle_split_cb_data d;

        memset(&d, 0, sizeof(d));
        d.sb = sb; d.ent = ent; d.parent = parent; d.split = split;
        /*
         * Prepare mmfile that contains only the lines in ent.
         */
        cp = blame_nth_line(sb, ent->lno);
        file_o.ptr = (char *) cp;
        file_o.size = blame_nth_line(sb, ent->lno + ent->num_lines) - cp;

        /*
         * file_o is a part of final image we are annotating.
         * file_p partially may match that image.
         */
        memset(split, 0, sizeof(struct blame_entry [3]));
        if (diff_hunks(file_p, &file_o, handle_split_cb, &d, sb->xdl_opts))
                die("unable to generate diff (%s)",
                    oid_to_hex(&parent->commit->object.oid));
        /* remainder, if any, all match the preimage */
        handle_split(sb, ent, d.tlno, d.plno, ent->num_lines, parent, split);
}

/* Move all blame entries from list *source that have a score smaller
 * than score_min to the front of list *small.
 * Returns a pointer to the link pointing to the old head of the small list.
 */

static struct blame_entry **filter_small(struct blame_scoreboard *sb,
                                         struct blame_entry **small,
                                         struct blame_entry **source,
                                         unsigned score_min)
{
        struct blame_entry *p = *source;
        struct blame_entry *oldsmall = *small;
        while (p) {
                if (blame_entry_score(sb, p) <= score_min) {
                        *small = p;
                        small = &p->next;
                        p = *small;
                } else {
                        *source = p;
                        source = &p->next;
                        p = *source;
                }
        }
        *small = oldsmall;
        *source = NULL;
        return small;
}

/*
 * See if lines currently target is suspected for can be attributed to
 * parent.
 */
static void find_move_in_parent(struct blame_scoreboard *sb,
                                struct blame_entry ***blamed,
                                struct blame_entry **toosmall,
                                struct blame_origin *target,
                                struct blame_origin *parent)
{
        struct blame_entry *e, split[3];
        struct blame_entry *unblamed = target->suspects;
        struct blame_entry *leftover = NULL;
        mmfile_t file_p;

        if (!unblamed)
                return; /* nothing remains for this target */

        fill_origin_blob(&sb->revs->diffopt, parent, &file_p,
                         &sb->num_read_blob, 0);
        if (!file_p.ptr)
                return;

        /* At each iteration, unblamed has a NULL-terminated list of
         * entries that have not yet been tested for blame.  leftover
         * contains the reversed list of entries that have been tested
         * without being assignable to the parent.
         */
        do {
                struct blame_entry **unblamedtail = &unblamed;
                struct blame_entry *next;
                for (e = unblamed; e; e = next) {
                        next = e->next;
                        find_copy_in_blob(sb, e, parent, split, &file_p);
                        if (split[1].suspect &&
                            sb->move_score < blame_entry_score(sb, &split[1])) {
                                split_blame(blamed, &unblamedtail, split, e);
                        } else {
                                e->next = leftover;
                                leftover = e;
                        }
                        decref_split(split);
                }
                *unblamedtail = NULL;
                toosmall = filter_small(sb, toosmall, &unblamed, sb->move_score);
        } while (unblamed);
        target->suspects = reverse_blame(leftover, NULL);
}

struct blame_list {
        struct blame_entry *ent;
        struct blame_entry split[3];
};

/*
 * Count the number of entries the target is suspected for,
 * and prepare a list of entry and the best split.
 */
static struct blame_list *setup_blame_list(struct blame_entry *unblamed,
                                           int *num_ents_p)
{
        struct blame_entry *e;
        int num_ents, i;
        struct blame_list *blame_list = NULL;

        for (e = unblamed, num_ents = 0; e; e = e->next)
                num_ents++;
        if (num_ents) {
                blame_list = xcalloc(num_ents, sizeof(struct blame_list));
                for (e = unblamed, i = 0; e; e = e->next)
                        blame_list[i++].ent = e;
        }
        *num_ents_p = num_ents;
        return blame_list;
}

/*
 * For lines target is suspected for, see if we can find code movement
 * across file boundary from the parent commit.  porigin is the path
 * in the parent we already tried.
 */
static void find_copy_in_parent(struct blame_scoreboard *sb,
                                struct blame_entry ***blamed,
                                struct blame_entry **toosmall,
                                struct blame_origin *target,
                                struct commit *parent,
                                struct blame_origin *porigin,
                                int opt)
{
        struct diff_options diff_opts;
        int i, j;
        struct blame_list *blame_list;
        int num_ents;
        struct blame_entry *unblamed = target->suspects;
        struct blame_entry *leftover = NULL;

        if (!unblamed)
                return; /* nothing remains for this target */

        repo_diff_setup(sb->repo, &diff_opts);
        diff_opts.flags.recursive = 1;
        diff_opts.output_format = DIFF_FORMAT_NO_OUTPUT;

        diff_setup_done(&diff_opts);

        /* Try "find copies harder" on new path if requested;
         * we do not want to use diffcore_rename() actually to
         * match things up; find_copies_harder is set only to
         * force diff_tree_oid() to feed all filepairs to diff_queue,
         * and this code needs to be after diff_setup_done(), which
         * usually makes find-copies-harder imply copy detection.
         */
        if ((opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY_HARDEST)
            || ((opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY_HARDER)
                && (!porigin || strcmp(target->path, porigin->path))))
                diff_opts.flags.find_copies_harder = 1;

        if (is_null_oid(&target->commit->object.oid))
                do_diff_cache(get_commit_tree_oid(parent), &diff_opts);
        else
                diff_tree_oid(get_commit_tree_oid(parent),
                              get_commit_tree_oid(target->commit),
                              "", &diff_opts);

        if (!diff_opts.flags.find_copies_harder)
                diffcore_std(&diff_opts);

        do {
                struct blame_entry **unblamedtail = &unblamed;
                blame_list = setup_blame_list(unblamed, &num_ents);

                for (i = 0; i < diff_queued_diff.nr; i++) {
                        struct diff_filepair *p = diff_queued_diff.queue[i];
                        struct blame_origin *norigin;
                        mmfile_t file_p;
                        struct blame_entry potential[3];

                        if (!DIFF_FILE_VALID(p->one))
                                continue; /* does not exist in parent */
                        if (S_ISGITLINK(p->one->mode))
                                continue; /* ignore git links */
                        if (porigin && !strcmp(p->one->path, porigin->path))
                                /* find_move already dealt with this path */
                                continue;

                        norigin = get_origin(parent, p->one->path);
                        oidcpy(&norigin->blob_oid, &p->one->oid);
                        norigin->mode = p->one->mode;
                        fill_origin_blob(&sb->revs->diffopt, norigin, &file_p,
                                         &sb->num_read_blob, 0);
                        if (!file_p.ptr)
                                continue;

                        for (j = 0; j < num_ents; j++) {
                                find_copy_in_blob(sb, blame_list[j].ent,
                                                  norigin, potential, &file_p);
                                copy_split_if_better(sb, blame_list[j].split,
                                                     potential);
                                decref_split(potential);
                        }
                        blame_origin_decref(norigin);
                }

                for (j = 0; j < num_ents; j++) {
                        struct blame_entry *split = blame_list[j].split;
                        if (split[1].suspect &&
                            sb->copy_score < blame_entry_score(sb, &split[1])) {
                                split_blame(blamed, &unblamedtail, split,
                                            blame_list[j].ent);
                        } else {
                                blame_list[j].ent->next = leftover;
                                leftover = blame_list[j].ent;
                        }
                        decref_split(split);
                }
                free(blame_list);
                *unblamedtail = NULL;
                toosmall = filter_small(sb, toosmall, &unblamed, sb->copy_score);
        } while (unblamed);
        target->suspects = reverse_blame(leftover, NULL);
        diff_flush(&diff_opts);
        clear_pathspec(&diff_opts.pathspec);
}

/*
 * The blobs of origin and porigin exactly match, so everything
 * origin is suspected for can be blamed on the parent.
 */
static void pass_whole_blame(struct blame_scoreboard *sb,
                             struct blame_origin *origin, struct blame_origin *porigin)
{
        struct blame_entry *e, *suspects;

        if (!porigin->file.ptr && origin->file.ptr) {
                /* Steal its file */
                porigin->file = origin->file;
                origin->file.ptr = NULL;
        }
        suspects = origin->suspects;
        origin->suspects = NULL;
        for (e = suspects; e; e = e->next) {
                blame_origin_incref(porigin);
                blame_origin_decref(e->suspect);
                e->suspect = porigin;
        }
        queue_blames(sb, porigin, suspects);
}

/*
 * We pass blame from the current commit to its parents.  We keep saying
 * "parent" (and "porigin"), but what we mean is to find scapegoat to
 * exonerate ourselves.
 */
static struct commit_list *first_scapegoat(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit,
                                        int reverse)
{
        if (!reverse) {
                if (revs->first_parent_only &&
                    commit->parents &&
                    commit->parents->next) {
                        free_commit_list(commit->parents->next);
                        commit->parents->next = NULL;
                }
                return commit->parents;
        }
        return lookup_decoration(&revs->children, &commit->object);
}

static int num_scapegoats(struct rev_info *revs, struct commit *commit, int reverse)
{
        struct commit_list *l = first_scapegoat(revs, commit, reverse);
        return commit_list_count(l);
}

/* Distribute collected unsorted blames to the respected sorted lists
 * in the various origins.
 */
static void distribute_blame(struct blame_scoreboard *sb, struct blame_entry *blamed)
{
        blamed = llist_mergesort(blamed, get_next_blame, set_next_blame,
                                 compare_blame_suspect);
        while (blamed)
        {
                struct blame_origin *porigin = blamed->suspect;
                struct blame_entry *suspects = NULL;
                do {
                        struct blame_entry *next = blamed->next;
                        blamed->next = suspects;
                        suspects = blamed;
                        blamed = next;
                } while (blamed && blamed->suspect == porigin);
                suspects = reverse_blame(suspects, NULL);
                queue_blames(sb, porigin, suspects);
        }
}

#define MAXSG 16

static void pass_blame(struct blame_scoreboard *sb, struct blame_origin *origin, int opt)
{
        struct rev_info *revs = sb->revs;
        int i, pass, num_sg;
        struct commit *commit = origin->commit;
        struct commit_list *sg;
        struct blame_origin *sg_buf[MAXSG];
        struct blame_origin *porigin, **sg_origin = sg_buf;
        struct blame_entry *toosmall = NULL;
        struct blame_entry *blames, **blametail = &blames;

        num_sg = num_scapegoats(revs, commit, sb->reverse);
        if (!num_sg)
                goto finish;
        else if (num_sg < ARRAY_SIZE(sg_buf))
                memset(sg_buf, 0, sizeof(sg_buf));
        else
                sg_origin = xcalloc(num_sg, sizeof(*sg_origin));

        /*
         * The first pass looks for unrenamed path to optimize for
         * common cases, then we look for renames in the second pass.
         */
        for (pass = 0; pass < 2 - sb->no_whole_file_rename; pass++) {
                struct blame_origin *(*find)(struct repository *, struct commit *, struct blame_origin *);
                find = pass ? find_rename : find_origin;

                for (i = 0, sg = first_scapegoat(revs, commit, sb->reverse);
                     i < num_sg && sg;
                     sg = sg->next, i++) {
                        struct commit *p = sg->item;
                        int j, same;

                        if (sg_origin[i])
                                continue;
                        if (parse_commit(p))
                                continue;
                        porigin = find(sb->repo, p, origin);
                        if (!porigin)
                                continue;
                        if (oideq(&porigin->blob_oid, &origin->blob_oid)) {
                                pass_whole_blame(sb, origin, porigin);
                                blame_origin_decref(porigin);
                                goto finish;
                        }
                        for (j = same = 0; j < i; j++)
                                if (sg_origin[j] &&
                                    oideq(&sg_origin[j]->blob_oid, &porigin->blob_oid)) {
                                        same = 1;
                                        break;
                                }
                        if (!same)
                                sg_origin[i] = porigin;
                        else
                                blame_origin_decref(porigin);
                }
        }

        sb->num_commits++;
        for (i = 0, sg = first_scapegoat(revs, commit, sb->reverse);
             i < num_sg && sg;
             sg = sg->next, i++) {
                struct blame_origin *porigin = sg_origin[i];
                if (!porigin)
                        continue;
                if (!origin->previous) {
                        blame_origin_incref(porigin);
                        origin->previous = porigin;
                }
                pass_blame_to_parent(sb, origin, porigin, 0);
                if (!origin->suspects)
                        goto finish;
        }

        /*
         * Pass remaining suspects for ignored commits to their parents.
         */
        if (oidset_contains(&sb->ignore_list, &commit->object.oid)) {
                for (i = 0, sg = first_scapegoat(revs, commit, sb->reverse);
                     i < num_sg && sg;
                     sg = sg->next, i++) {
                        struct blame_origin *porigin = sg_origin[i];

                        if (!porigin)
                                continue;
                        pass_blame_to_parent(sb, origin, porigin, 1);
                        /*
                         * Preemptively drop porigin so we can refresh the
                         * fingerprints if we use the parent again, which can
                         * occur if you ignore back-to-back commits.
                         */
                        drop_origin_blob(porigin);
                        if (!origin->suspects)
                                goto finish;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Optionally find moves in parents' files.
         */
        if (opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_MOVE) {
                filter_small(sb, &toosmall, &origin->suspects, sb->move_score);
                if (origin->suspects) {
                        for (i = 0, sg = first_scapegoat(revs, commit, sb->reverse);
                             i < num_sg && sg;
                             sg = sg->next, i++) {
                                struct blame_origin *porigin = sg_origin[i];
                                if (!porigin)
                                        continue;
                                find_move_in_parent(sb, &blametail, &toosmall, origin, porigin);
                                if (!origin->suspects)
                                        break;
                        }
                }
        }

        /*
         * Optionally find copies from parents' files.
         */
        if (opt & PICKAXE_BLAME_COPY) {
                if (sb->copy_score > sb->move_score)
                        filter_small(sb, &toosmall, &origin->suspects, sb->copy_score);
                else if (sb->copy_score < sb->move_score) {
                        origin->suspects = blame_merge(origin->suspects, toosmall);
                        toosmall = NULL;
                        filter_small(sb, &toosmall, &origin->suspects, sb->copy_score);
                }
                if (!origin->suspects)
                        goto finish;

                for (i = 0, sg = first_scapegoat(revs, commit, sb->reverse);
                     i < num_sg && sg;
                     sg = sg->next, i++) {
                        struct blame_origin *porigin = sg_origin[i];
                        find_copy_in_parent(sb, &blametail, &toosmall,
                                            origin, sg->item, porigin, opt);
                        if (!origin->suspects)
                                goto finish;
                }
        }

finish:
        *blametail = NULL;
        distribute_blame(sb, blames);
        /*
         * prepend toosmall to origin->suspects
         *
         * There is no point in sorting: this ends up on a big
         * unsorted list in the caller anyway.
         */
        if (toosmall) {
                struct blame_entry **tail = &toosmall;
                while (*tail)
                        tail = &(*tail)->next;
                *tail = origin->suspects;
                origin->suspects = toosmall;
        }
        for (i = 0; i < num_sg; i++) {
                if (sg_origin[i]) {
                        if (!sg_origin[i]->suspects)
                                drop_origin_blob(sg_origin[i]);
                        blame_origin_decref(sg_origin[i]);
                }
        }
        drop_origin_blob(origin);
        if (sg_buf != sg_origin)
                free(sg_origin);
}

/*
 * The main loop -- while we have blobs with lines whose true origin
 * is still unknown, pick one blob, and allow its lines to pass blames
 * to its parents. */
void assign_blame(struct blame_scoreboard *sb, int opt)
{
        struct rev_info *revs = sb->revs;
        struct commit *commit = prio_queue_get(&sb->commits);

        while (commit) {
                struct blame_entry *ent;
                struct blame_origin *suspect = get_blame_suspects(commit);

                /* find one suspect to break down */
                while (suspect && !suspect->suspects)
                        suspect = suspect->next;

                if (!suspect) {
                        commit = prio_queue_get(&sb->commits);
                        continue;
                }

                assert(commit == suspect->commit);

                /*
                 * We will use this suspect later in the loop,
                 * so hold onto it in the meantime.
                 */
                blame_origin_incref(suspect);
                parse_commit(commit);
                if (sb->reverse ||
                    (!(commit->object.flags & UNINTERESTING) &&
                     !(revs->max_age != -1 && commit->date < revs->max_age)))
                        pass_blame(sb, suspect, opt);
                else {
                        commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;
                        if (commit->object.parsed)
                                mark_parents_uninteresting(commit);
                }
                /* treat root commit as boundary */
                if (!commit->parents && !sb->show_root)
                        commit->object.flags |= UNINTERESTING;

                /* Take responsibility for the remaining entries */
                ent = suspect->suspects;
                if (ent) {
                        suspect->guilty = 1;
                        for (;;) {
                                struct blame_entry *next = ent->next;
                                if (sb->found_guilty_entry)
                                        sb->found_guilty_entry(ent, sb->found_guilty_entry_data);
                                if (next) {
                                        ent = next;
                                        continue;
                                }
                                ent->next = sb->ent;
                                sb->ent = suspect->suspects;
                                suspect->suspects = NULL;
                                break;
                        }
                }
                blame_origin_decref(suspect);

                if (sb->debug) /* sanity */
                        sanity_check_refcnt(sb);
        }
}

/*
 * To allow quick access to the contents of nth line in the
 * final image, prepare an index in the scoreboard.
 */
static int prepare_lines(struct blame_scoreboard *sb)
{
        sb->num_lines = find_line_starts(&sb->lineno, sb->final_buf,
                                         sb->final_buf_size);
        return sb->num_lines;
}

static struct commit *find_single_final(struct rev_info *revs,
                                        const char **name_p)
{
        int i;
        struct commit *found = NULL;
        const char *name = NULL;

        for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
                struct object *obj = revs->pending.objects[i].item;
                if (obj->flags & UNINTERESTING)
                        continue;
                obj = deref_tag(revs->repo, obj, NULL, 0);
                if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
                        die("Non commit %s?", revs->pending.objects[i].name);
                if (found)
                        die("More than one commit to dig from %s and %s?",
                            revs->pending.objects[i].name, name);
                found = (struct commit *)obj;
                name = revs->pending.objects[i].name;
        }
        if (name_p)
                *name_p = xstrdup_or_null(name);
        return found;
}

static struct commit *dwim_reverse_initial(struct rev_info *revs,
                                           const char **name_p)
{
        /*
         * DWIM "git blame --reverse ONE -- PATH" as
         * "git blame --reverse ONE..HEAD -- PATH" but only do so
         * when it makes sense.
         */
        struct object *obj;
        struct commit *head_commit;
        struct object_id head_oid;

        if (revs->pending.nr != 1)
                return NULL;

        /* Is that sole rev a committish? */
        obj = revs->pending.objects[0].item;
        obj = deref_tag(revs->repo, obj, NULL, 0);
        if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
                return NULL;

        /* Do we have HEAD? */
        if (!resolve_ref_unsafe("HEAD", RESOLVE_REF_READING, &head_oid, NULL))
                return NULL;
        head_commit = lookup_commit_reference_gently(revs->repo,
                                                     &head_oid, 1);
        if (!head_commit)
                return NULL;

        /* Turn "ONE" into "ONE..HEAD" then */
        obj->flags |= UNINTERESTING;
        add_pending_object(revs, &head_commit->object, "HEAD");

        if (name_p)
                *name_p = revs->pending.objects[0].name;
        return (struct commit *)obj;
}

static struct commit *find_single_initial(struct rev_info *revs,
                                          const char **name_p)
{
        int i;
        struct commit *found = NULL;
        const char *name = NULL;

        /*
         * There must be one and only one negative commit, and it must be
         * the boundary.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < revs->pending.nr; i++) {
                struct object *obj = revs->pending.objects[i].item;
                if (!(obj->flags & UNINTERESTING))
                        continue;
                obj = deref_tag(revs->repo, obj, NULL, 0);
                if (obj->type != OBJ_COMMIT)
                        die("Non commit %s?", revs->pending.objects[i].name);
                if (found)
                        die("More than one commit to dig up from, %s and %s?",
                            revs->pending.objects[i].name, name);
                found = (struct commit *) obj;
                name = revs->pending.objects[i].name;
        }

        if (!name)
                found = dwim_reverse_initial(revs, &name);
        if (!name)
                die("No commit to dig up from?");

        if (name_p)
                *name_p = xstrdup(name);
        return found;
}

void init_scoreboard(struct blame_scoreboard *sb)
{
        memset(sb, 0, sizeof(struct blame_scoreboard));
        sb->move_score = BLAME_DEFAULT_MOVE_SCORE;
        sb->copy_score = BLAME_DEFAULT_COPY_SCORE;
}

void setup_scoreboard(struct blame_scoreboard *sb,
                      const char *path,
                      struct blame_origin **orig)
{
        const char *final_commit_name = NULL;
        struct blame_origin *o;
        struct commit *final_commit = NULL;
        enum object_type type;

        init_blame_suspects(&blame_suspects);

        if (sb->reverse && sb->contents_from)
                die(_("--contents and --reverse do not blend well."));

        if (!sb->repo)
                BUG("repo is NULL");

        if (!sb->reverse) {
                sb->final = find_single_final(sb->revs, &final_commit_name);
                sb->commits.compare = compare_commits_by_commit_date;
        } else {
                sb->final = find_single_initial(sb->revs, &final_commit_name);
                sb->commits.compare = compare_commits_by_reverse_commit_date;
        }

        if (sb->final && sb->contents_from)
                die(_("cannot use --contents with final commit object name"));

        if (sb->reverse && sb->revs->first_parent_only)
                sb->revs->children.name = NULL;

        if (!sb->final) {
                /*
                 * "--not A B -- path" without anything positive;
                 * do not default to HEAD, but use the working tree
                 * or "--contents".
                 */
                setup_work_tree();
                sb->final = fake_working_tree_commit(sb->repo,
                                                     &sb->revs->diffopt,
                                                     path, sb->contents_from);
                add_pending_object(sb->revs, &(sb->final->object), ":");
        }

        if (sb->reverse && sb->revs->first_parent_only) {
                final_commit = find_single_final(sb->revs, NULL);
                if (!final_commit)
                        die(_("--reverse and --first-parent together require specified latest commit"));
        }

        /*
         * If we have bottom, this will mark the ancestors of the
         * bottom commits we would reach while traversing as
         * uninteresting.
         */
        if (prepare_revision_walk(sb->revs))
                die(_("revision walk setup failed"));

        if (sb->reverse && sb->revs->first_parent_only) {
                struct commit *c = final_commit;

                sb->revs->children.name = "children";
                while (c->parents &&
                       !oideq(&c->object.oid, &sb->final->object.oid)) {
                        struct commit_list *l = xcalloc(1, sizeof(*l));

                        l->item = c;
                        if (add_decoration(&sb->revs->children,
                                           &c->parents->item->object, l))
                                BUG("not unique item in first-parent chain");
                        c = c->parents->item;
                }

                if (!oideq(&c->object.oid, &sb->final->object.oid))
                        die(_("--reverse --first-parent together require range along first-parent chain"));
        }

        if (is_null_oid(&sb->final->object.oid)) {
                o = get_blame_suspects(sb->final);
                sb->final_buf = xmemdupz(o->file.ptr, o->file.size);
                sb->final_buf_size = o->file.size;
        }
        else {
                o = get_origin(sb->final, path);
                if (fill_blob_sha1_and_mode(sb->repo, o))
                        die(_("no such path %s in %s"), path, final_commit_name);

                if (sb->revs->diffopt.flags.allow_textconv &&
                    textconv_object(sb->repo, path, o->mode, &o->blob_oid, 1, (char **) &sb->final_buf,
                                    &sb->final_buf_size))
                        ;
                else
                        sb->final_buf = read_object_file(&o->blob_oid, &type,
                                                         &sb->final_buf_size);

                if (!sb->final_buf)
                        die(_("cannot read blob %s for path %s"),
                            oid_to_hex(&o->blob_oid),
                            path);
        }
        sb->num_read_blob++;
        prepare_lines(sb);

        if (orig)
                *orig = o;

        free((char *)final_commit_name);
}



struct blame_entry *blame_entry_prepend(struct blame_entry *head,
                                        long start, long end,
                                        struct blame_origin *o)
{
        struct blame_entry *new_head = xcalloc(1, sizeof(struct blame_entry));
        new_head->lno = start;
        new_head->num_lines = end - start;
        new_head->suspect = o;
        new_head->s_lno = start;
        new_head->next = head;
        blame_origin_incref(o);
        return new_head;
}