6 gitcredentials - providing usernames and passwords to Git
11 git config credential.https://example.com.username myusername
12 git config credential.helper "$helper $options"
18 Git will sometimes need credentials from the user in order to perform
19 operations; for example, it may need to ask for a username and password
20 in order to access a remote repository over HTTP. This manual describes
21 the mechanisms Git uses to request these credentials, as well as some
22 features to avoid inputting these credentials repeatedly.
24 REQUESTING CREDENTIALS
25 ----------------------
27 Without any credential helpers defined, Git will try the following
28 strategies to ask the user for usernames and passwords:
30 1. If the `GIT_ASKPASS` environment variable is set, the program
31 specified by the variable is invoked. A suitable prompt is provided
32 to the program on the command line, and the user's input is read
33 from its standard output.
35 2. Otherwise, if the `core.askpass` configuration variable is set, its
36 value is used as above.
38 3. Otherwise, if the `SSH_ASKPASS` environment variable is set, its
39 value is used as above.
41 4. Otherwise, the user is prompted on the terminal.
46 It can be cumbersome to input the same credentials over and over. Git
47 provides two methods to reduce this annoyance:
49 1. Static configuration of usernames for a given authentication context.
51 2. Credential helpers to cache or store passwords, or to interact with
52 a system password wallet or keychain.
54 The first is simple and appropriate if you do not have secure storage available
55 for a password. It is generally configured by adding this to your config:
57 ---------------------------------------
58 [credential "https://example.com"]
60 ---------------------------------------
62 Credential helpers, on the other hand, are external programs from which Git can
63 request both usernames and passwords; they typically interface with secure
64 storage provided by the OS or other programs.
66 To use a helper, you must first select one to use. Git currently
67 includes the following helpers:
71 Cache credentials in memory for a short period of time. See
72 linkgit:git-credential-cache[1] for details.
76 Store credentials indefinitely on disk. See
77 linkgit:git-credential-store[1] for details.
79 You may also have third-party helpers installed; search for
80 `credential-*` in the output of `git help -a`, and consult the
81 documentation of individual helpers. Once you have selected a helper,
82 you can tell Git to use it by putting its name into the
83 credential.helper variable.
87 -------------------------------------------
88 $ git help -a | grep credential-
90 -------------------------------------------
92 2. Read its description.
94 -------------------------------------------
95 $ git help credential-foo
96 -------------------------------------------
98 3. Tell Git to use it.
100 -------------------------------------------
101 $ git config --global credential.helper foo
102 -------------------------------------------
104 If there are multiple instances of the `credential.helper` configuration
105 variable, each helper will be tried in turn, and may provide a username,
106 password, or nothing. Once Git has acquired both a username and a
107 password, no more helpers will be tried.
113 Git considers each credential to have a context defined by a URL. This context
114 is used to look up context-specific configuration, and is passed to any
115 helpers, which may use it as an index into secure storage.
117 For instance, imagine we are accessing `https://example.com/foo.git`. When Git
118 looks into a config file to see if a section matches this context, it will
119 consider the two a match if the context is a more-specific subset of the
120 pattern in the config file. For example, if you have this in your config file:
122 --------------------------------------
123 [credential "https://example.com"]
125 --------------------------------------
127 then we will match: both protocols are the same, both hosts are the same, and
128 the "pattern" URL does not care about the path component at all. However, this
129 context would not match:
131 --------------------------------------
132 [credential "https://kernel.org"]
134 --------------------------------------
136 because the hostnames differ. Nor would it match `foo.example.com`; Git
137 compares hostnames exactly, without considering whether two hosts are part of
138 the same domain. Likewise, a config entry for `http://example.com` would not
139 match: Git compares the protocols exactly.
142 CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
143 ---------------------
145 Options for a credential context can be configured either in
146 `credential.*` (which applies to all credentials), or
147 `credential.<url>.*`, where <url> matches the context as described
150 The following options are available in either location:
154 The name of an external credential helper, and any associated options.
155 If the helper name is not an absolute path, then the string `git
156 credential-` is prepended. The resulting string is executed by the
157 shell (so, for example, setting this to `foo --option=bar` will execute
158 `git credential-foo --option=bar` via the shell. See the manual of
159 specific helpers for examples of their use.
163 A default username, if one is not provided in the URL.
167 By default, Git does not consider the "path" component of an http URL
168 to be worth matching via external helpers. This means that a credential
169 stored for `https://example.com/foo.git` will also be used for
170 `https://example.com/bar.git`. If you do want to distinguish these
171 cases, set this option to `true`.
177 You can write your own custom helpers to interface with any system in
178 which you keep credentials. See the documentation for Git's
179 link:technical/api-credentials.html[credentials API] for details.
183 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite