documentation: remove extraneous words

[git.git] / bisect.c

#include "git-compat-util.h"
#include "config.h"
#include "commit.h"
#include "diff.h"
#include "environment.h"
#include "gettext.h"
#include "hex.h"
#include "revision.h"
#include "refs.h"
#include "list-objects.h"
#include "quote.h"
#include "hash-lookup.h"
#include "run-command.h"
#include "log-tree.h"
#include "bisect.h"
#include "oid-array.h"
#include "strvec.h"
#include "commit-slab.h"
#include "commit-reach.h"
#include "object-name.h"
#include "object-store-ll.h"
#include "path.h"
#include "dir.h"

static struct oid_array good_revs;
static struct oid_array skipped_revs;

static struct object_id *current_bad_oid;

static const char *term_bad;
static const char *term_good;

/* Remember to update object flag allocation in object.h */
#define COUNTED         (1u<<16)

/*
 * This is a truly stupid algorithm, but it's only
 * used for bisection, and we just don't care enough.
 *
 * We care just barely enough to avoid recursing for
 * non-merge entries.
 */
static int count_distance(struct commit_list *entry)
{
        int nr = 0;

        while (entry) {
                struct commit *commit = entry->item;
                struct commit_list *p;

                if (commit->object.flags & (UNINTERESTING | COUNTED))
                        break;
                if (!(commit->object.flags & TREESAME))
                        nr++;
                commit->object.flags |= COUNTED;
                p = commit->parents;
                entry = p;
                if (p) {
                        p = p->next;
                        while (p) {
                                nr += count_distance(p);
                                p = p->next;
                        }
                }
        }

        return nr;
}

static void clear_distance(struct commit_list *list)
{
        while (list) {
                struct commit *commit = list->item;
                commit->object.flags &= ~COUNTED;
                list = list->next;
        }
}

define_commit_slab(commit_weight, int *);
static struct commit_weight commit_weight;

#define DEBUG_BISECT 0

static inline int weight(struct commit_list *elem)
{
        return **commit_weight_at(&commit_weight, elem->item);
}

static inline void weight_set(struct commit_list *elem, int weight)
{
        **commit_weight_at(&commit_weight, elem->item) = weight;
}

static int count_interesting_parents(struct commit *commit, unsigned bisect_flags)
{
        struct commit_list *p;
        int count;

        for (count = 0, p = commit->parents; p; p = p->next) {
                if (!(p->item->object.flags & UNINTERESTING))
                        count++;
                if (bisect_flags & FIND_BISECTION_FIRST_PARENT_ONLY)
                        break;
        }
        return count;
}

static inline int approx_halfway(struct commit_list *p, int nr)
{
        int diff;

        /*
         * Don't short-cut something we are not going to return!
         */
        if (p->item->object.flags & TREESAME)
                return 0;
        if (DEBUG_BISECT)
                return 0;
        /*
         * For small number of commits 2 and 3 are halfway of 5, and
         * 3 is halfway of 6 but 2 and 4 are not.
         */
        diff = 2 * weight(p) - nr;
        switch (diff) {
        case -1: case 0: case 1:
                return 1;
        default:
                /*
                 * For large number of commits we are not so strict, it's
                 * good enough if it's within ~0.1% of the halfway point,
                 * e.g. 5000 is exactly halfway of 10000, but we consider
                 * the values [4996, 5004] as halfway as well.
                 */
                if (abs(diff) < nr / 1024)
                        return 1;
                return 0;
        }
}

static void show_list(const char *debug, int counted, int nr,
                      struct commit_list *list)
{
        struct commit_list *p;

        if (!DEBUG_BISECT)
                return;

        fprintf(stderr, "%s (%d/%d)\n", debug, counted, nr);

        for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
                struct commit_list *pp;
                struct commit *commit = p->item;
                unsigned commit_flags = commit->object.flags;
                enum object_type type;
                unsigned long size;
                char *buf = repo_read_object_file(the_repository,
                                                  &commit->object.oid, &type,
                                                  &size);
                const char *subject_start;
                int subject_len;

                fprintf(stderr, "%c%c%c ",
                        (commit_flags & TREESAME) ? ' ' : 'T',
                        (commit_flags & UNINTERESTING) ? 'U' : ' ',
                        (commit_flags & COUNTED) ? 'C' : ' ');
                if (*commit_weight_at(&commit_weight, p->item))
                        fprintf(stderr, "%3d", weight(p));
                else
                        fprintf(stderr, "---");
                fprintf(stderr, " %.*s", 8, oid_to_hex(&commit->object.oid));
                for (pp = commit->parents; pp; pp = pp->next)
                        fprintf(stderr, " %.*s", 8,
                                oid_to_hex(&pp->item->object.oid));

                subject_len = find_commit_subject(buf, &subject_start);
                if (subject_len)
                        fprintf(stderr, " %.*s", subject_len, subject_start);
                fprintf(stderr, "\n");
        }
}

static struct commit_list *best_bisection(struct commit_list *list, int nr)
{
        struct commit_list *p, *best;
        int best_distance = -1;

        best = list;
        for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
                int distance;
                unsigned commit_flags = p->item->object.flags;

                if (commit_flags & TREESAME)
                        continue;
                distance = weight(p);
                if (nr - distance < distance)
                        distance = nr - distance;
                if (distance > best_distance) {
                        best = p;
                        best_distance = distance;
                }
        }

        return best;
}

struct commit_dist {
        struct commit *commit;
        int distance;
};

static int compare_commit_dist(const void *a_, const void *b_)
{
        struct commit_dist *a, *b;

        a = (struct commit_dist *)a_;
        b = (struct commit_dist *)b_;
        if (a->distance != b->distance)
                return b->distance - a->distance; /* desc sort */
        return oidcmp(&a->commit->object.oid, &b->commit->object.oid);
}

static struct commit_list *best_bisection_sorted(struct commit_list *list, int nr)
{
        struct commit_list *p;
        struct commit_dist *array = xcalloc(nr, sizeof(*array));
        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
        int cnt, i;

        for (p = list, cnt = 0; p; p = p->next) {
                int distance;
                unsigned commit_flags = p->item->object.flags;

                if (commit_flags & TREESAME)
                        continue;
                distance = weight(p);
                if (nr - distance < distance)
                        distance = nr - distance;
                array[cnt].commit = p->item;
                array[cnt].distance = distance;
                cnt++;
        }
        QSORT(array, cnt, compare_commit_dist);
        for (p = list, i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
                struct object *obj = &(array[i].commit->object);

                strbuf_reset(&buf);
                strbuf_addf(&buf, "dist=%d", array[i].distance);
                add_name_decoration(DECORATION_NONE, buf.buf, obj);

                p->item = array[i].commit;
                if (i < cnt - 1)
                        p = p->next;
        }
        if (p) {
                free_commit_list(p->next);
                p->next = NULL;
        }
        strbuf_release(&buf);
        free(array);
        return list;
}

/*
 * zero or positive weight is the number of interesting commits it can
 * reach, including itself.  Especially, weight = 0 means it does not
 * reach any tree-changing commits (e.g. just above uninteresting one
 * but traversal is with pathspec).
 *
 * weight = -1 means it has one parent and its distance is yet to
 * be computed.
 *
 * weight = -2 means it has more than one parent and its distance is
 * unknown.  After running count_distance() first, they will get zero
 * or positive distance.
 */
static struct commit_list *do_find_bisection(struct commit_list *list,
                                             int nr, int *weights,
                                             unsigned bisect_flags)
{
        int n, counted;
        struct commit_list *p;

        counted = 0;

        for (n = 0, p = list; p; p = p->next) {
                struct commit *commit = p->item;
                unsigned commit_flags = commit->object.flags;

                *commit_weight_at(&commit_weight, p->item) = &weights[n++];
                switch (count_interesting_parents(commit, bisect_flags)) {
                case 0:
                        if (!(commit_flags & TREESAME)) {
                                weight_set(p, 1);
                                counted++;
                                show_list("bisection 2 count one",
                                          counted, nr, list);
                        }
                        /*
                         * otherwise, it is known not to reach any
                         * tree-changing commit and gets weight 0.
                         */
                        break;
                case 1:
                        weight_set(p, -1);
                        break;
                default:
                        weight_set(p, -2);
                        break;
                }
        }

        show_list("bisection 2 initialize", counted, nr, list);

        /*
         * If you have only one parent in the resulting set
         * then you can reach one commit more than that parent
         * can reach.  So we do not have to run the expensive
         * count_distance() for single strand of pearls.
         *
         * However, if you have more than one parents, you cannot
         * just add their distance and one for yourself, since
         * they usually reach the same ancestor and you would
         * end up counting them twice that way.
         *
         * So we will first count distance of merges the usual
         * way, and then fill the blanks using cheaper algorithm.
         */
        for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
                if (p->item->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
                        continue;
                if (weight(p) != -2)
                        continue;
                if (bisect_flags & FIND_BISECTION_FIRST_PARENT_ONLY)
                        BUG("shouldn't be calling count-distance in fp mode");
                weight_set(p, count_distance(p));
                clear_distance(list);

                /* Does it happen to be at half-way? */
                if (!(bisect_flags & FIND_BISECTION_ALL) &&
                      approx_halfway(p, nr))
                        return p;
                counted++;
        }

        show_list("bisection 2 count_distance", counted, nr, list);

        while (counted < nr) {
                for (p = list; p; p = p->next) {
                        struct commit_list *q;
                        unsigned commit_flags = p->item->object.flags;

                        if (0 <= weight(p))
                                continue;

                        for (q = p->item->parents;
                             q;
                             q = bisect_flags & FIND_BISECTION_FIRST_PARENT_ONLY ? NULL : q->next) {
                                if (q->item->object.flags & UNINTERESTING)
                                        continue;
                                if (0 <= weight(q))
                                        break;
                        }
                        if (!q)
                                continue;

                        /*
                         * weight for p is unknown but q is known.
                         * add one for p itself if p is to be counted,
                         * otherwise inherit it from q directly.
                         */
                        if (!(commit_flags & TREESAME)) {
                                weight_set(p, weight(q)+1);
                                counted++;
                                show_list("bisection 2 count one",
                                          counted, nr, list);
                        }
                        else
                                weight_set(p, weight(q));

                        /* Does it happen to be at half-way? */
                        if (!(bisect_flags & FIND_BISECTION_ALL) &&
                              approx_halfway(p, nr))
                                return p;
                }
        }

        show_list("bisection 2 counted all", counted, nr, list);

        if (!(bisect_flags & FIND_BISECTION_ALL))
                return best_bisection(list, nr);
        else
                return best_bisection_sorted(list, nr);
}

void find_bisection(struct commit_list **commit_list, int *reaches,
                    int *all, unsigned bisect_flags)
{
        int nr, on_list;
        struct commit_list *list, *p, *best, *next, *last;
        int *weights;

        show_list("bisection 2 entry", 0, 0, *commit_list);
        init_commit_weight(&commit_weight);

        /*
         * Count the number of total and tree-changing items on the
         * list, while reversing the list.
         */
        for (nr = on_list = 0, last = NULL, p = *commit_list;
             p;
             p = next) {
                unsigned commit_flags = p->item->object.flags;

                next = p->next;
                if (commit_flags & UNINTERESTING) {
                        free(p);
                        continue;
                }
                p->next = last;
                last = p;
                if (!(commit_flags & TREESAME))
                        nr++;
                on_list++;
        }
        list = last;
        show_list("bisection 2 sorted", 0, nr, list);

        *all = nr;
        CALLOC_ARRAY(weights, on_list);

        /* Do the real work of finding bisection commit. */
        best = do_find_bisection(list, nr, weights, bisect_flags);
        if (best) {
                if (!(bisect_flags & FIND_BISECTION_ALL)) {
                        list->item = best->item;
                        free_commit_list(list->next);
                        best = list;
                        best->next = NULL;
                }
                *reaches = weight(best);
        }
        free(weights);
        *commit_list = best;
        clear_commit_weight(&commit_weight);
}

static int register_ref(const char *refname, const struct object_id *oid,
                        int flags UNUSED, void *cb_data UNUSED)
{
        struct strbuf good_prefix = STRBUF_INIT;
        strbuf_addstr(&good_prefix, term_good);
        strbuf_addstr(&good_prefix, "-");

        if (!strcmp(refname, term_bad)) {
                current_bad_oid = xmalloc(sizeof(*current_bad_oid));
                oidcpy(current_bad_oid, oid);
        } else if (starts_with(refname, good_prefix.buf)) {
                oid_array_append(&good_revs, oid);
        } else if (starts_with(refname, "skip-")) {
                oid_array_append(&skipped_revs, oid);
        }

        strbuf_release(&good_prefix);

        return 0;
}

static int read_bisect_refs(void)
{
        return for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect/", register_ref, NULL);
}

static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_names, "BISECT_NAMES")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_expected_rev, "BISECT_EXPECTED_REV")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_ancestors_ok, "BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_run, "BISECT_RUN")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_start, "BISECT_START")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_log, "BISECT_LOG")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_terms, "BISECT_TERMS")
static GIT_PATH_FUNC(git_path_bisect_first_parent, "BISECT_FIRST_PARENT")

static void read_bisect_paths(struct strvec *array)
{
        struct strbuf str = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *filename = git_path_bisect_names();
        FILE *fp = xfopen(filename, "r");

        while (strbuf_getline_lf(&str, fp) != EOF) {
                strbuf_trim(&str);
                if (sq_dequote_to_strvec(str.buf, array))
                        die(_("Badly quoted content in file '%s': %s"),
                            filename, str.buf);
        }

        strbuf_release(&str);
        fclose(fp);
}

static char *join_oid_array_hex(struct oid_array *array, char delim)
{
        struct strbuf joined_hexs = STRBUF_INIT;
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < array->nr; i++) {
                strbuf_addstr(&joined_hexs, oid_to_hex(array->oid + i));
                if (i + 1 < array->nr)
                        strbuf_addch(&joined_hexs, delim);
        }

        return strbuf_detach(&joined_hexs, NULL);
}

/*
 * In this function, passing a not NULL skipped_first is very special.
 * It means that we want to know if the first commit in the list is
 * skipped because we will want to test a commit away from it if it is
 * indeed skipped.
 * So if the first commit is skipped, we cannot take the shortcut to
 * just "return list" when we find the first non skipped commit, we
 * have to return a fully filtered list.
 *
 * We use (*skipped_first == -1) to mean "it has been found that the
 * first commit is not skipped". In this case *skipped_first is set back
 * to 0 just before the function returns.
 */
struct commit_list *filter_skipped(struct commit_list *list,
                                   struct commit_list **tried,
                                   int show_all,
                                   int *count,
                                   int *skipped_first)
{
        struct commit_list *filtered = NULL, **f = &filtered;

        *tried = NULL;

        if (skipped_first)
                *skipped_first = 0;
        if (count)
                *count = 0;

        if (!skipped_revs.nr)
                return list;

        while (list) {
                struct commit_list *next = list->next;
                list->next = NULL;
                if (0 <= oid_array_lookup(&skipped_revs, &list->item->object.oid)) {
                        if (skipped_first && !*skipped_first)
                                *skipped_first = 1;
                        /* Move current to tried list */
                        *tried = list;
                        tried = &list->next;
                } else {
                        if (!show_all) {
                                if (!skipped_first || !*skipped_first)
                                        return list;
                        } else if (skipped_first && !*skipped_first) {
                                /* This means we know it's not skipped */
                                *skipped_first = -1;
                        }
                        /* Move current to filtered list */
                        *f = list;
                        f = &list->next;
                        if (count)
                                (*count)++;
                }
                list = next;
        }

        if (skipped_first && *skipped_first == -1)
                *skipped_first = 0;

        return filtered;
}

#define PRN_MODULO 32768

/*
 * This is a pseudo random number generator based on "man 3 rand".
 * It is not used properly because the seed is the argument and it
 * is increased by one between each call, but that should not matter
 * for this application.
 */
static unsigned get_prn(unsigned count)
{
        count = count * 1103515245 + 12345;
        return (count/65536) % PRN_MODULO;
}

/*
 * Custom integer square root from
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integer_square_root
 */
static int sqrti(int val)
{
        float d, x = val;

        if (!val)
                return 0;

        do {
                float y = (x + (float)val / x) / 2;
                d = (y > x) ? y - x : x - y;
                x = y;
        } while (d >= 0.5);

        return (int)x;
}

static struct commit_list *skip_away(struct commit_list *list, int count)
{
        struct commit_list *cur, *previous;
        int prn, index, i;

        prn = get_prn(count);
        index = (count * prn / PRN_MODULO) * sqrti(prn) / sqrti(PRN_MODULO);

        cur = list;
        previous = NULL;

        for (i = 0; cur; cur = cur->next, i++) {
                if (i == index) {
                        if (!oideq(&cur->item->object.oid, current_bad_oid))
                                return cur;
                        if (previous)
                                return previous;
                        return list;
                }
                previous = cur;
        }

        return list;
}

static struct commit_list *managed_skipped(struct commit_list *list,
                                           struct commit_list **tried)
{
        int count, skipped_first;

        *tried = NULL;

        if (!skipped_revs.nr)
                return list;

        list = filter_skipped(list, tried, 0, &count, &skipped_first);

        if (!skipped_first)
                return list;

        return skip_away(list, count);
}

static void bisect_rev_setup(struct repository *r, struct rev_info *revs,
                             struct strvec *rev_argv,
                             const char *prefix,
                             const char *bad_format, const char *good_format,
                             int read_paths)
{
        struct setup_revision_opt opt = {
                .free_removed_argv_elements = 1,
        };
        int i;

        repo_init_revisions(r, revs, prefix);
        revs->abbrev = 0;
        revs->commit_format = CMIT_FMT_UNSPECIFIED;

        /* rev_argv.argv[0] will be ignored by setup_revisions */
        strvec_push(rev_argv, "bisect_rev_setup");
        strvec_pushf(rev_argv, bad_format, oid_to_hex(current_bad_oid));
        for (i = 0; i < good_revs.nr; i++)
                strvec_pushf(rev_argv, good_format,
                             oid_to_hex(good_revs.oid + i));
        strvec_push(rev_argv, "--");
        if (read_paths)
                read_bisect_paths(rev_argv);

        setup_revisions(rev_argv->nr, rev_argv->v, revs, &opt);
}

static void bisect_common(struct rev_info *revs)
{
        if (prepare_revision_walk(revs))
                die("revision walk setup failed");
        if (revs->tree_objects)
                mark_edges_uninteresting(revs, NULL, 0);
}

static enum bisect_error error_if_skipped_commits(struct commit_list *tried,
                                    const struct object_id *bad)
{
        if (!tried)
                return BISECT_OK;

        printf("There are only 'skip'ped commits left to test.\n"
               "The first %s commit could be any of:\n", term_bad);

        for ( ; tried; tried = tried->next)
                printf("%s\n", oid_to_hex(&tried->item->object.oid));

        if (bad)
                printf("%s\n", oid_to_hex(bad));
        printf(_("We cannot bisect more!\n"));

        return BISECT_ONLY_SKIPPED_LEFT;
}

static int is_expected_rev(const struct object_id *oid)
{
        const char *filename = git_path_bisect_expected_rev();
        struct stat st;
        struct strbuf str = STRBUF_INIT;
        FILE *fp;
        int res = 0;

        if (stat(filename, &st) || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
                return 0;

        fp = fopen_or_warn(filename, "r");
        if (!fp)
                return 0;

        if (strbuf_getline_lf(&str, fp) != EOF)
                res = !strcmp(str.buf, oid_to_hex(oid));

        strbuf_release(&str);
        fclose(fp);

        return res;
}

enum bisect_error bisect_checkout(const struct object_id *bisect_rev,
                                  int no_checkout)
{
        struct commit *commit;
        struct pretty_print_context pp = {0};
        struct strbuf commit_msg = STRBUF_INIT;

        update_ref(NULL, "BISECT_EXPECTED_REV", bisect_rev, NULL, 0, UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);

        if (no_checkout) {
                update_ref(NULL, "BISECT_HEAD", bisect_rev, NULL, 0,
                           UPDATE_REFS_DIE_ON_ERR);
        } else {
                struct child_process cmd = CHILD_PROCESS_INIT;

                cmd.git_cmd = 1;
                strvec_pushl(&cmd.args, "checkout", "-q",
                             oid_to_hex(bisect_rev), "--", NULL);
                if (run_command(&cmd))
                        /*
                         * Errors in `run_command()` itself, signaled by res < 0,
                         * and errors in the child process, signaled by res > 0
                         * can both be treated as regular BISECT_FAILED (-1).
                         */
                        return BISECT_FAILED;
        }

        commit = lookup_commit_reference(the_repository, bisect_rev);
        repo_format_commit_message(the_repository, commit, "[%H] %s%n",
                                   &commit_msg, &pp);
        fputs(commit_msg.buf, stdout);
        strbuf_release(&commit_msg);

        return BISECT_OK;
}

static struct commit *get_commit_reference(struct repository *r,
                                           const struct object_id *oid)
{
        struct commit *c = lookup_commit_reference(r, oid);
        if (!c)
                die(_("Not a valid commit name %s"), oid_to_hex(oid));
        return c;
}

static struct commit **get_bad_and_good_commits(struct repository *r,
                                                int *rev_nr)
{
        struct commit **rev;
        int i, n = 0;

        ALLOC_ARRAY(rev, 1 + good_revs.nr);
        rev[n++] = get_commit_reference(r, current_bad_oid);
        for (i = 0; i < good_revs.nr; i++)
                rev[n++] = get_commit_reference(r, good_revs.oid + i);
        *rev_nr = n;

        return rev;
}

static enum bisect_error handle_bad_merge_base(void)
{
        if (is_expected_rev(current_bad_oid)) {
                char *bad_hex = oid_to_hex(current_bad_oid);
                char *good_hex = join_oid_array_hex(&good_revs, ' ');
                if (!strcmp(term_bad, "bad") && !strcmp(term_good, "good")) {
                        fprintf(stderr, _("The merge base %s is bad.\n"
                                "This means the bug has been fixed "
                                "between %s and [%s].\n"),
                                bad_hex, bad_hex, good_hex);
                } else if (!strcmp(term_bad, "new") && !strcmp(term_good, "old")) {
                        fprintf(stderr, _("The merge base %s is new.\n"
                                "The property has changed "
                                "between %s and [%s].\n"),
                                bad_hex, bad_hex, good_hex);
                } else {
                        fprintf(stderr, _("The merge base %s is %s.\n"
                                "This means the first '%s' commit is "
                                "between %s and [%s].\n"),
                                bad_hex, term_bad, term_good, bad_hex, good_hex);
                }
                return BISECT_MERGE_BASE_CHECK;
        }

        fprintf(stderr, _("Some %s revs are not ancestors of the %s rev.\n"
                "git bisect cannot work properly in this case.\n"
                "Maybe you mistook %s and %s revs?\n"),
                term_good, term_bad, term_good, term_bad);
        return BISECT_FAILED;
}

static void handle_skipped_merge_base(const struct object_id *mb)
{
        char *mb_hex = oid_to_hex(mb);
        char *bad_hex = oid_to_hex(current_bad_oid);
        char *good_hex = join_oid_array_hex(&good_revs, ' ');

        warning(_("the merge base between %s and [%s] "
                "must be skipped.\n"
                "So we cannot be sure the first %s commit is "
                "between %s and %s.\n"
                "We continue anyway."),
                bad_hex, good_hex, term_bad, mb_hex, bad_hex);
        free(good_hex);
}

/*
 * "check_merge_bases" checks that merge bases are not "bad" (or "new").
 *
 * - If one is "bad" (or "new"), it means the user assumed something wrong
 * and we must return error with a non 0 error code.
 * - If one is "good" (or "old"), that's good, we have nothing to do.
 * - If one is "skipped", we can't know but we should warn.
 * - If we don't know, we should check it out and ask the user to test.
 * - If a merge base must be tested, on success return
 * BISECT_INTERNAL_SUCCESS_MERGE_BASE (-11) a special condition
 * for early success, this will be converted back to 0 in
 * check_good_are_ancestors_of_bad().
 */
static enum bisect_error check_merge_bases(int rev_nr, struct commit **rev, int no_checkout)
{
        enum bisect_error res = BISECT_OK;
        struct commit_list *result;

        result = repo_get_merge_bases_many(the_repository, rev[0], rev_nr - 1,
                                           rev + 1);

        for (; result; result = result->next) {
                const struct object_id *mb = &result->item->object.oid;
                if (oideq(mb, current_bad_oid)) {
                        res = handle_bad_merge_base();
                        break;
                } else if (0 <= oid_array_lookup(&good_revs, mb)) {
                        continue;
                } else if (0 <= oid_array_lookup(&skipped_revs, mb)) {
                        handle_skipped_merge_base(mb);
                } else {
                        printf(_("Bisecting: a merge base must be tested\n"));
                        res = bisect_checkout(mb, no_checkout);
                        if (!res)
                                /* indicate early success */
                                res = BISECT_INTERNAL_SUCCESS_MERGE_BASE;
                        break;
                }
        }

        free_commit_list(result);
        return res;
}

static int check_ancestors(struct repository *r, int rev_nr,
                           struct commit **rev, const char *prefix)
{
        struct strvec rev_argv = STRVEC_INIT;
        struct rev_info revs;
        int res;

        bisect_rev_setup(r, &revs, &rev_argv, prefix, "^%s", "%s", 0);

        bisect_common(&revs);
        res = (revs.commits != NULL);

        /* Clean up objects used, as they will be reused. */
        clear_commit_marks_many(rev_nr, rev, ALL_REV_FLAGS);

        release_revisions(&revs);
        strvec_clear(&rev_argv);
        return res;
}

/*
 * "check_good_are_ancestors_of_bad" checks that all "good" revs are
 * ancestor of the "bad" rev.
 *
 * If that's not the case, we need to check the merge bases.
 * If a merge base must be tested by the user, its source code will be
 * checked out to be tested by the user and we will return.
 */

static enum bisect_error check_good_are_ancestors_of_bad(struct repository *r,
                                            const char *prefix,
                                            int no_checkout)
{
        char *filename;
        struct stat st;
        int fd, rev_nr;
        enum bisect_error res = BISECT_OK;
        struct commit **rev;

        if (!current_bad_oid)
                return error(_("a %s revision is needed"), term_bad);

        filename = git_pathdup("BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK");

        /* Check if file BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK exists. */
        if (!stat(filename, &st) && S_ISREG(st.st_mode))
                goto done;

        /* Bisecting with no good rev is ok. */
        if (!good_revs.nr)
                goto done;

        /* Check if all good revs are ancestor of the bad rev. */

        rev = get_bad_and_good_commits(r, &rev_nr);
        if (check_ancestors(r, rev_nr, rev, prefix))
                res = check_merge_bases(rev_nr, rev, no_checkout);
        free(rev);

        if (!res) {
                /* Create file BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK. */
                fd = open(filename, O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | O_WRONLY, 0600);
                if (fd < 0)
                        /*
                         * BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK file is not absolutely necessary,
                         * the bisection process will continue at the next
                         * bisection step.
                         * So, just signal with a warning that something
                         * might be wrong.
                         */
                        warning_errno(_("could not create file '%s'"),
                                filename);
                else
                        close(fd);
        }
 done:
        free(filename);
        return res;
}

/*
 * This does "git diff-tree --pretty COMMIT" without one fork+exec.
 */
static void show_diff_tree(struct repository *r,
                           const char *prefix,
                           struct commit *commit)
{
        const char *argv[] = {
                "diff-tree", "--pretty", "--stat", "--summary", "--cc", NULL
        };
        struct rev_info opt;

        git_config(git_diff_ui_config, NULL);
        repo_init_revisions(r, &opt, prefix);

        setup_revisions(ARRAY_SIZE(argv) - 1, argv, &opt, NULL);
        log_tree_commit(&opt, commit);
        release_revisions(&opt);
}

/*
 * The terms used for this bisect session are stored in BISECT_TERMS.
 * We read them and store them to adapt the messages accordingly.
 * Default is bad/good.
 */
void read_bisect_terms(const char **read_bad, const char **read_good)
{
        struct strbuf str = STRBUF_INIT;
        const char *filename = git_path_bisect_terms();
        FILE *fp = fopen(filename, "r");

        if (!fp) {
                if (errno == ENOENT) {
                        *read_bad = "bad";
                        *read_good = "good";
                        return;
                } else {
                        die_errno(_("could not read file '%s'"), filename);
                }
        } else {
                strbuf_getline_lf(&str, fp);
                *read_bad = strbuf_detach(&str, NULL);
                strbuf_getline_lf(&str, fp);
                *read_good = strbuf_detach(&str, NULL);
        }
        strbuf_release(&str);
        fclose(fp);
}

/*
 * We use the convention that return BISECT_INTERNAL_SUCCESS_1ST_BAD_FOUND (-10) means
 * the bisection process finished successfully.
 * In this case the calling function or command should not turn a
 * BISECT_INTERNAL_SUCCESS_1ST_BAD_FOUND return code into an error or a non zero exit code.
 *
 * Checking BISECT_INTERNAL_SUCCESS_1ST_BAD_FOUND
 * in bisect_helper::bisect_next() and only transforming it to 0 at
 * the end of bisect_helper::cmd_bisect__helper() helps bypassing
 * all the code related to finding a commit to test.
 */
enum bisect_error bisect_next_all(struct repository *r, const char *prefix)
{
        struct strvec rev_argv = STRVEC_INIT;
        struct rev_info revs = REV_INFO_INIT;
        struct commit_list *tried;
        int reaches = 0, all = 0, nr, steps;
        enum bisect_error res = BISECT_OK;
        struct object_id *bisect_rev;
        char *steps_msg;
        /*
         * If no_checkout is non-zero, the bisection process does not
         * checkout the trial commit but instead simply updates BISECT_HEAD.
         */
        int no_checkout = ref_exists("BISECT_HEAD");
        unsigned bisect_flags = 0;

        read_bisect_terms(&term_bad, &term_good);
        if (read_bisect_refs())
                die(_("reading bisect refs failed"));

        if (file_exists(git_path_bisect_first_parent()))
                bisect_flags |= FIND_BISECTION_FIRST_PARENT_ONLY;

        if (skipped_revs.nr)
                bisect_flags |= FIND_BISECTION_ALL;

        res = check_good_are_ancestors_of_bad(r, prefix, no_checkout);
        if (res)
                goto cleanup;

        bisect_rev_setup(r, &revs, &rev_argv, prefix, "%s", "^%s", 1);

        revs.first_parent_only = !!(bisect_flags & FIND_BISECTION_FIRST_PARENT_ONLY);
        revs.limited = 1;

        bisect_common(&revs);

        find_bisection(&revs.commits, &reaches, &all, bisect_flags);
        revs.commits = managed_skipped(revs.commits, &tried);

        if (!revs.commits) {
                /*
                 * We should return error here only if the "bad"
                 * commit is also a "skip" commit.
                 */
                res = error_if_skipped_commits(tried, NULL);
                if (res < 0)
                        goto cleanup;
                printf(_("%s was both %s and %s\n"),
                       oid_to_hex(current_bad_oid),
                       term_good,
                       term_bad);

                res = BISECT_FAILED;
                goto cleanup;
        }

        if (!all) {
                fprintf(stderr, _("No testable commit found.\n"
                        "Maybe you started with bad path arguments?\n"));

                res = BISECT_NO_TESTABLE_COMMIT;
                goto cleanup;
        }

        bisect_rev = &revs.commits->item->object.oid;

        if (oideq(bisect_rev, current_bad_oid)) {
                res = error_if_skipped_commits(tried, current_bad_oid);
                if (res)
                        return res;
                printf("%s is the first %s commit\n", oid_to_hex(bisect_rev),
                        term_bad);

                show_diff_tree(r, prefix, revs.commits->item);
                /*
                 * This means the bisection process succeeded.
                 * Using BISECT_INTERNAL_SUCCESS_1ST_BAD_FOUND (-10)
                 * so that the call chain can simply check
                 * for negative return values for early returns up
                 * until the cmd_bisect__helper() caller.
                 */
                res = BISECT_INTERNAL_SUCCESS_1ST_BAD_FOUND;
                goto cleanup;
        }

        nr = all - reaches - 1;
        steps = estimate_bisect_steps(all);

        steps_msg = xstrfmt(Q_("(roughly %d step)", "(roughly %d steps)",
                  steps), steps);
        /*
         * TRANSLATORS: the last %s will be replaced with "(roughly %d
         * steps)" translation.
         */
        printf(Q_("Bisecting: %d revision left to test after this %s\n",
                  "Bisecting: %d revisions left to test after this %s\n",
                  nr), nr, steps_msg);
        free(steps_msg);
        /* Clean up objects used, as they will be reused. */
        repo_clear_commit_marks(r, ALL_REV_FLAGS);

        res = bisect_checkout(bisect_rev, no_checkout);
cleanup:
        release_revisions(&revs);
        strvec_clear(&rev_argv);
        return res;
}

static inline int log2i(int n)
{
        int log2 = 0;

        for (; n > 1; n >>= 1)
                log2++;

        return log2;
}

static inline int exp2i(int n)
{
        return 1 << n;
}

/*
 * Estimate the number of bisect steps left (after the current step)
 *
 * For any x between 0 included and 2^n excluded, the probability for
 * n - 1 steps left looks like:
 *
 * P(2^n + x) == (2^n - x) / (2^n + x)
 *
 * and P(2^n + x) < 0.5 means 2^n < 3x
 */
int estimate_bisect_steps(int all)
{
        int n, x, e;

        if (all < 3)
                return 0;

        n = log2i(all);
        e = exp2i(n);
        x = all - e;

        return (e < 3 * x) ? n : n - 1;
}

static int mark_for_removal(const char *refname,
                            const struct object_id *oid UNUSED,
                            int flag UNUSED, void *cb_data)
{
        struct string_list *refs = cb_data;
        char *ref = xstrfmt("refs/bisect%s", refname);
        string_list_append(refs, ref);
        return 0;
}

int bisect_clean_state(void)
{
        int result = 0;

        /* There may be some refs packed during bisection */
        struct string_list refs_for_removal = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
        for_each_ref_in("refs/bisect", mark_for_removal, (void *) &refs_for_removal);
        string_list_append(&refs_for_removal, xstrdup("BISECT_HEAD"));
        result = delete_refs("bisect: remove", &refs_for_removal, REF_NO_DEREF);
        refs_for_removal.strdup_strings = 1;
        string_list_clear(&refs_for_removal, 0);
        unlink_or_warn(git_path_bisect_expected_rev());
        unlink_or_warn(git_path_bisect_ancestors_ok());
        unlink_or_warn(git_path_bisect_log());
        unlink_or_warn(git_path_bisect_names());
        unlink_or_warn(git_path_bisect_run());
        unlink_or_warn(git_path_bisect_terms());
        unlink_or_warn(git_path_bisect_first_parent());
        /*
         * Cleanup BISECT_START last to support the --no-checkout option
         * introduced in the commit 4796e823a.
         */
        unlink_or_warn(git_path_bisect_start());

        return result;
}