6 git-pack-objects - Create a packed archive of objects
12 'git pack-objects' [-q | --progress | --all-progress] [--all-progress-implied]
13 [--no-reuse-delta] [--delta-base-offset] [--non-empty]
14 [--local] [--incremental] [--window=N] [--depth=N]
15 [--revs [--unpacked | --all]*] [--stdout | base-name]
16 [--keep-true-parents] < object-list
21 Reads list of objects from the standard input, and writes a packed
22 archive with specified base-name, or to the standard output.
24 A packed archive is an efficient way to transfer a set of objects
25 between two repositories as well as an access efficient archival
26 format. In a packed archive, an object is either stored as a
27 compressed whole or as a difference from some other object.
28 The latter is often called a delta.
30 The packed archive format (.pack) is designed to be self-contained
31 so that it can be unpacked without any further information. Therefore,
32 each object that a delta depends upon must be present within the pack.
34 A pack index file (.idx) is generated for fast, random access to the
35 objects in the pack. Placing both the index file (.idx) and the packed
36 archive (.pack) in the pack/ subdirectory of $GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY (or
37 any of the directories on $GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES)
38 enables git to read from the pack archive.
40 The 'git unpack-objects' command can read the packed archive and
41 expand the objects contained in the pack into "one-file
42 one-object" format; this is typically done by the smart-pull
43 commands when a pack is created on-the-fly for efficient network
44 transport by their peers.
50 Write into a pair of files (.pack and .idx), using
51 <base-name> to determine the name of the created file.
52 When this option is used, the two files are written in
53 <base-name>-<SHA1>.{pack,idx} files. <SHA1> is a hash
54 of the sorted object names to make the resulting filename
55 based on the pack content, and written to the standard
56 output of the command.
59 Write the pack contents (what would have been written to
60 .pack file) out to the standard output.
63 Read the revision arguments from the standard input, instead of
64 individual object names. The revision arguments are processed
65 the same way as 'git rev-list' with the `--objects` flag
66 uses its `commit` arguments to build the list of objects it
67 outputs. The objects on the resulting list are packed.
70 This implies `--revs`. When processing the list of
71 revision arguments read from the standard input, limit
72 the objects packed to those that are not already packed.
75 This implies `--revs`. In addition to the list of
76 revision arguments read from the standard input, pretend
77 as if all refs under `refs/` are specified to be
81 Include unasked-for annotated tags if the object they
82 reference was included in the resulting packfile. This
83 can be useful to send new tags to native git clients.
87 These two options affect how the objects contained in
88 the pack are stored using delta compression. The
89 objects are first internally sorted by type, size and
90 optionally names and compared against the other objects
91 within --window to see if using delta compression saves
92 space. --depth limits the maximum delta depth; making
93 it too deep affects the performance on the unpacker
94 side, because delta data needs to be applied that many
95 times to get to the necessary object.
96 The default value for --window is 10 and --depth is 50.
99 This option provides an additional limit on top of `--window`;
100 the window size will dynamically scale down so as to not take
101 up more than N bytes in memory. This is useful in
102 repositories with a mix of large and small objects to not run
103 out of memory with a large window, but still be able to take
104 advantage of the large window for the smaller objects. The
105 size can be suffixed with "k", "m", or "g".
106 `--window-memory=0` makes memory usage unlimited, which is the
109 --max-pack-size=[N]::
110 Maximum size of each output pack file. The size can be suffixed with
111 "k", "m", or "g". The minimum size allowed is limited to 1 MiB.
112 If specified, multiple packfiles may be created.
113 The default is unlimited, unless the config variable
114 `pack.packSizeLimit` is set.
117 This flag causes an object already in a local pack that
118 has a .keep file to be ignored, even if it appears in the
122 This flag causes an object already in a pack ignored
123 even if it appears in the standard input.
126 This flag is similar to `--incremental`; instead of
127 ignoring all packed objects, it only ignores objects
128 that are packed and/or not in the local object store
129 (i.e. borrowed from an alternate).
132 Only create a packed archive if it would contain at
136 Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
137 by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
138 is specified. This flag forces progress status even if
139 the standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
142 When --stdout is specified then progress report is
143 displayed during the object count and compression phases
144 but inhibited during the write-out phase. The reason is
145 that in some cases the output stream is directly linked
146 to another command which may wish to display progress
147 status of its own as it processes incoming pack data.
148 This flag is like --progress except that it forces progress
149 report for the write-out phase as well even if --stdout is
152 --all-progress-implied::
153 This is used to imply --all-progress whenever progress display
154 is activated. Unlike --all-progress this flag doesn't actually
155 force any progress display by itself.
158 This flag makes the command not to report its progress
159 on the standard error stream.
162 When creating a packed archive in a repository that
163 has existing packs, the command reuses existing deltas.
164 This sometimes results in a slightly suboptimal pack.
165 This flag tells the command not to reuse existing deltas
166 but compute them from scratch.
169 This flag tells the command not to reuse existing object data at all,
170 including non deltified object, forcing recompression of everything.
171 This implies --no-reuse-delta. Useful only in the obscure case where
172 wholesale enforcement of a different compression level on the
173 packed data is desired.
176 Specifies compression level for newly-compressed data in the
177 generated pack. If not specified, pack compression level is
178 determined first by pack.compression, then by core.compression,
179 and defaults to -1, the zlib default, if neither is set.
180 Add --no-reuse-object if you want to force a uniform compression
181 level on all data no matter the source.
184 Create a "thin" pack by omitting the common objects between a
185 sender and a receiver in order to reduce network transfer. This
186 option only makes sense in conjunction with --stdout.
188 Note: A thin pack violates the packed archive format by omitting
189 required objects and is thus unusable by git without making it
190 self-contained. Use `git index-pack --fix-thin`
191 (see linkgit:git-index-pack[1]) to restore the self-contained property.
193 --delta-base-offset::
194 A packed archive can express base object of a delta as
195 either 20-byte object name or as an offset in the
196 stream, but older version of git does not understand the
197 latter. By default, 'git pack-objects' only uses the
198 former format for better compatibility. This option
199 allows the command to use the latter format for
200 compactness. Depending on the average delta chain
201 length, this option typically shrinks the resulting
202 packfile by 3-5 per-cent.
205 Specifies the number of threads to spawn when searching for best
206 delta matches. This requires that pack-objects be compiled with
207 pthreads otherwise this option is ignored with a warning.
208 This is meant to reduce packing time on multiprocessor machines.
209 The required amount of memory for the delta search window is
210 however multiplied by the number of threads.
211 Specifying 0 will cause git to auto-detect the number of CPU's
212 and set the number of threads accordingly.
214 --index-version=<version>[,<offset>]::
215 This is intended to be used by the test suite only. It allows
216 to force the version for the generated pack index, and to force
217 64-bit index entries on objects located above the given offset.
219 --keep-true-parents::
220 With this option, parents that are hidden by grafts are packed
226 Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
230 Documentation by Junio C Hamano
234 linkgit:git-rev-list[1]
235 linkgit:git-repack[1]
236 linkgit:git-prune-packed[1]
240 Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite